Add a flattened device tree (fdt) command (1 of 2)

The fdt command uses David Gibson's libfdt library to manipulate as well
as print the flattened device tree.  This patch is the new command,
the second part is the modifications to the existing code.
This commit is contained in:
Gerald Van Baren 2007-03-31 12:22:10 -04:00
parent 3af0d587d9
commit 781e09ee6e

874
common/cmd_fdt.c Normal file
View File

@ -0,0 +1,874 @@
/*
* (C) Copyright 2007
* Gerald Van Baren, Custom IDEAS, vanbaren@cideas.com
* Based on code written by:
* Pantelis Antoniou <pantelis.antoniou@gmail.com> and
* Matthew McClintock <msm@freescale.com>
*
* See file CREDITS for list of people who contributed to this
* project.
*
* This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
* modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as
* published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of
* the License, or (at your option) any later version.
*
* This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
* but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
* MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
* GNU General Public License for more details.
*
* You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
* along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
* Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston,
* MA 02111-1307 USA
*/
#include <common.h>
#include <command.h>
#include <linux/ctype.h>
#include <linux/types.h>
#ifdef CONFIG_OF_LIBFDT
#include <asm/global_data.h>
#include <fdt.h>
#include <libfdt.h>
#define MAX_LEVEL 32 /* how deeply nested we will go */
#define SCRATCHPAD 1024 /* bytes of scratchpad memory */
/*
* Global data (for the gd->bd)
*/
DECLARE_GLOBAL_DATA_PTR;
/*
* Scratchpad memory.
*/
static char data[SCRATCHPAD];
/*
* Function prototypes/declarations.
*/
static int fdt_valid(void);
static void print_data(const void *data, int len);
static int fdt_chosen(void *fdt, ulong initrd_start, ulong initrd_end);
static int fdt_env(void *fdt);
static int fdt_bd_t(void *fdt);
/*
* Flattened Device Tree command, see the help for parameter definitions.
*/
int do_fdt (cmd_tbl_t * cmdtp, int flag, int argc, char *argv[])
{
char op;
if (argc < 2) {
printf ("Usage:\n%s\n", cmdtp->usage);
return 1;
}
/*
* Figure out which subcommand was given
*/
op = argv[1][0];
/********************************************************************
* Set the address of the fdt
********************************************************************/
if (op == 'a') {
/*
* Set the address [and length] of the fdt.
*/
fdt = (struct fdt_header *)simple_strtoul(argv[2], NULL, 16);
if (!fdt_valid()) {
return 1;
}
if (argc >= 4) {
int len;
int err;
/*
* Optional new length
*/
len = simple_strtoul(argv[3], NULL, 16);
if (len < fdt_totalsize(fdt)) {
printf ("New length %d < existing length %d, ignoring.\n",
len, fdt_totalsize(fdt));
} else {
/*
* Open in place with a new length.
*/
err = fdt_open_into(fdt, fdt, len);
if (err != 0) {
printf ("libfdt: %s\n", fdt_strerror(err));
}
}
}
/********************************************************************
* Move the fdt
********************************************************************/
} else if (op == 'm') {
struct fdt_header *newaddr;
int len;
int err;
if (argc != 5) {
printf ("Usage:\n%s\n", cmdtp->usage);
return 1;
}
/*
* Set the address and length of the fdt.
*/
fdt = (struct fdt_header *)simple_strtoul(argv[2], NULL, 16);
if (!fdt_valid()) {
return 1;
}
newaddr = (struct fdt_header *)simple_strtoul(argv[3], NULL, 16);
len = simple_strtoul(argv[4], NULL, 16);
if (len < fdt_totalsize(fdt)) {
printf ("New length %d < existing length %d, aborting.\n",
len, fdt_totalsize(fdt));
return 1;
}
/*
* Copy to the new location.
*/
err = fdt_open_into(fdt, newaddr, len);
if (err != 0) {
printf ("libfdt: %s\n", fdt_strerror(err));
return 1;
}
fdt = newaddr;
/********************************************************************
* Set the value of a node in the fdt.
********************************************************************/
} else if (op == 's') {
char *pathp; /* path */
char *prop; /* property */
struct fdt_property *nodep; /* node struct pointer */
char *newval; /* value from the user (as a string) */
char *vp; /* temporary value pointer */
char *cp; /* temporary char pointer */
int nodeoffset; /* node offset from libfdt */
int len; /* new length of the property */
int oldlen; /* original length of the property */
unsigned long tmp; /* holds converted values */
int ret; /* return value */
/*
* Parameters: Node path, property, value.
*/
if (argc < 5) {
printf ("Usage:\n%s\n", cmdtp->usage);
return 1;
}
pathp = argv[2];
prop = argv[3];
newval = argv[4];
if (strcmp(pathp, "/") == 0) {
nodeoffset = 0;
} else {
nodeoffset = fdt_path_offset (fdt, pathp);
if (nodeoffset < 0) {
/*
* Not found or something else bad happened.
*/
printf ("libfdt: %s\n", fdt_strerror(nodeoffset));
return 1;
}
}
nodep = fdt_getprop (fdt, nodeoffset, prop, &oldlen);
if (oldlen < 0) {
printf ("libfdt %s\n", fdt_strerror(oldlen));
return 1;
} else if (oldlen == 0) {
/*
* The specified property has no value
*/
printf("%s has no value, cannot set one (yet).\n", prop);
return 1;
} else {
/*
* Convert the new property
*/
vp = data;
if (*newval == '<') {
/*
* Bigger values than bytes.
*/
len = 0;
newval++;
while ((*newval != '>') && (*newval != '\0')) {
cp = newval;
tmp = simple_strtoul(cp, &newval, 16);
if ((newval - cp) <= 2) {
*vp = tmp & 0xFF;
vp += 1;
len += 1;
} else if ((newval - cp) <= 4) {
*(uint16_t *)vp = __cpu_to_be16(tmp);
vp += 2;
len += 2;
} else if ((newval - cp) <= 8) {
*(uint32_t *)vp = __cpu_to_be32(tmp);
vp += 4;
len += 4;
} else {
printf("Sorry, I could not convert \"%s\"\n", cp);
return 1;
}
while (*newval == ' ')
newval++;
}
if (*newval != '>') {
printf("Unexpected character '%c'\n", *newval);
return 1;
}
} else if (*newval == '[') {
/*
* Byte stream. Convert the values.
*/
len = 0;
newval++;
while ((*newval != ']') && (*newval != '\0')) {
tmp = simple_strtoul(newval, &newval, 16);
*vp++ = tmp & 0xFF;
len++;
while (*newval == ' ')
newval++;
}
if (*newval != ']') {
printf("Unexpected character '%c'\n", *newval);
return 1;
}
} else {
/*
* Assume it is a string. Copy it into our data area for
* convenience (including the terminating '\0').
*/
len = strlen(newval) + 1;
strcpy(data, newval);
}
ret = fdt_setprop(fdt, nodeoffset, prop, data, len);
if (ret < 0) {
printf ("libfdt %s\n", fdt_strerror(ret));
return 1;
}
}
/********************************************************************
* Print (recursive) / List (single level)
********************************************************************/
} else if ((op == 'p') || (op == 'l')) {
/*
* Recursively print (a portion of) the fdt.
*/
static int offstack[MAX_LEVEL];
static char tabs[MAX_LEVEL+1] = "\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t";
int depth = MAX_LEVEL; /* how deep to print */
char *pathp; /* path */
char *prop; /* property */
void *nodep; /* property node pointer */
int nodeoffset; /* node offset from libfdt */
int nextoffset; /* next node offset from libfdt */
uint32_t tag; /* tag */
int len; /* length of the property */
int level = 0; /* keep track of nesting level */
/*
* list is an alias for print, but limited to 1 level
*/
if (op == 'l') {
depth = 1;
}
/*
* Get the starting path. The root node is an oddball,
* the offset is zero and has no name.
*/
pathp = argv[2];
if (argc > 3)
prop = argv[3];
else
prop = NULL;
if (strcmp(pathp, "/") == 0) {
nodeoffset = 0;
printf("/");
} else {
nodeoffset = fdt_path_offset (fdt, pathp);
if (nodeoffset < 0) {
/*
* Not found or something else bad happened.
*/
printf ("libfdt %s\n", fdt_strerror(nodeoffset));
return 1;
}
}
/*
* The user passed in a property as well as node path. Print only
* the given property and then return.
*/
if (prop) {
nodep = fdt_getprop (fdt, nodeoffset, prop, &len);
if (len == 0) {
printf("%s %s\n", pathp, prop); /* no property value */
return 0;
} else if (len > 0) {
printf("%s=", prop);
print_data (nodep, len);
printf("\n");
return 0;
} else {
printf ("libfdt %s\n", fdt_strerror(len));
return 1;
}
}
/*
* The user passed in a node path and no property, print the node
* and all subnodes.
*/
offstack[0] = nodeoffset;
while(level >= 0) {
tag = fdt_next_tag(fdt, nodeoffset, &nextoffset, &pathp);
switch(tag) {
case FDT_BEGIN_NODE:
if(level <= depth)
printf("%s%s {\n", &tabs[MAX_LEVEL - level], pathp);
level++;
offstack[level] = nodeoffset;
if (level >= MAX_LEVEL) {
printf("Aaaiii <splat> nested too deep.\n");
return 1;
}
break;
case FDT_END_NODE:
level--;
if(level <= depth)
printf("%s};\n", &tabs[MAX_LEVEL - level]);
if (level == 0) {
level = -1; /* exit the loop */
}
break;
case FDT_PROP:
nodep = fdt_getprop (fdt, offstack[level], pathp, &len);
if (len < 0) {
printf ("libfdt %s\n", fdt_strerror(len));
return 1;
} else if (len == 0) {
/* the property has no value */
if(level <= depth)
printf("%s%s;\n", &tabs[MAX_LEVEL - level], pathp);
} else {
if(level <= depth) {
printf("%s%s=", &tabs[MAX_LEVEL - level], pathp);
print_data (nodep, len);
printf(";\n");
}
}
break;
case FDT_NOP:
break;
case FDT_END:
return 1;
default:
if(level <= depth)
printf("Unknown tag 0x%08X\n", tag);
return 1;
}
nodeoffset = nextoffset;
}
/********************************************************************
* Remove a property/node
********************************************************************/
} else if (op == 'r') {
int nodeoffset; /* node offset from libfdt */
int err;
/*
* Get the path. The root node is an oddball, the offset
* is zero and has no name.
*/
if (strcmp(argv[2], "/") == 0) {
nodeoffset = 0;
} else {
nodeoffset = fdt_path_offset (fdt, argv[2]);
if (nodeoffset < 0) {
/*
* Not found or something else bad happened.
*/
printf ("libfdt %s\n", fdt_strerror(nodeoffset));
return 1;
}
}
/*
* Do the delete. A fourth parameter means delete a property,
* otherwise delete the node.
*/
if (argc > 3) {
err = fdt_delprop(fdt, nodeoffset, argv[3]);
if (err < 0) {
printf("fdt_delprop libfdt: %s\n", fdt_strerror(err));
return err;
}
} else {
err = fdt_del_node(fdt, nodeoffset);
if (err < 0) {
printf("fdt_del_node libfdt: %s\n", fdt_strerror(err));
return err;
}
}
/********************************************************************
* Create a chosen node
********************************************************************/
} else if (op == 'c') {
fdt_chosen(fdt, 0, 0);
/********************************************************************
* Create a u-boot-env node
********************************************************************/
} else if (op == 'e') {
fdt_env(fdt);
/********************************************************************
* Create a bd_t node
********************************************************************/
} else if (op == 'b') {
fdt_bd_t(fdt);
/********************************************************************
* Unrecognized command
********************************************************************/
} else {
printf ("Usage:\n%s\n", cmdtp->usage);
return 1;
}
return 0;
}
/********************************************************************/
static int fdt_valid(void)
{
if (fdt == NULL) {
printf ("The address of the fdt is invalid.\n");
return 0;
}
if (!fdt || (fdt_magic(fdt) != FDT_MAGIC)) {
fdt = NULL;
printf ("Unrecognized fdt: bad magic\n");
return 0;
}
if (fdt_version(fdt) < FDT_FIRST_SUPPORTED_VERSION) {
printf ("Unsupported fdt version: $d < %d\n",
FDT_FIRST_SUPPORTED_VERSION, fdt_version(fdt));
fdt = NULL;
return 0;
}
if (fdt_last_comp_version(fdt) > FDT_LAST_SUPPORTED_VERSION) {
printf ("Unsupported fdt version: $d > %d\n",
fdt_version(fdt), FDT_LAST_SUPPORTED_VERSION);
fdt = NULL;
return 0;
}
return 1;
}
/********************************************************************/
/*
* OF flat tree handling
* Written by: Pantelis Antoniou <pantelis.antoniou@gmail.com>
* Updated by: Matthew McClintock <msm@freescale.com>
* Converted to libfdt by: Gerald Van Baren <vanbaren@cideas.com>
*/
static int is_printable_string(const void *data, int len)
{
const char *s = data;
/* zero length is not */
if (len == 0)
return 0;
/* must terminate with zero */
if (s[len - 1] != '\0')
return 0;
/* printable or a null byte (concatenated strings) */
while (((*s == '\0') || isprint(*s)) && (len > 0)) {
/*
* If we see a null, there are three possibilities:
* 1) If len == 1, it is the end of the string, printable
* 2) Next character also a null, not printable.
* 3) Next character not a null, continue to check.
*/
if (s[0] == '\0') {
if (len == 1)
return 1;
if (s[1] == '\0')
return 0;
}
s++;
len--;
}
/* Not the null termination, or not done yet: not printable */
if (*s != '\0' || (len != 0))
return 0;
return 1;
}
static void print_data(const void *data, int len)
{
int j;
const u8 *s;
/* no data, don't print */
if (len == 0)
return;
/*
* It is a string, but it may have multiple strings (embedded '\0's).
*/
if (is_printable_string(data, len)) {
puts("\"");
j = 0;
while (j < len) {
if (j > 0)
puts("\", \"");
puts(data);
j += strlen(data) + 1;
data += strlen(data) + 1;
}
puts("\"");
return;
}
switch (len) {
case 1: /* byte */
printf("<%02x>", (*(u8 *) data) & 0xff);
break;
case 2: /* half-word */
printf("<%04x>", be16_to_cpu(*(u16 *) data) & 0xffff);
break;
case 4: /* word */
printf("<%08x>", be32_to_cpu(*(u32 *) data) & 0xffffffffU);
break;
case 8: /* double-word */
#if __WORDSIZE == 64
printf("<%016llx>", be64_to_cpu(*(uint64_t *) data));
#else
printf("<%08x ", be32_to_cpu(*(u32 *) data) & 0xffffffffU);
data += 4;
printf("%08x>", be32_to_cpu(*(u32 *) data) & 0xffffffffU);
#endif
break;
default: /* anything else... hexdump */
printf("[");
for (j = 0, s = data; j < len; j++)
printf("%02x%s", s[j], j < len - 1 ? " " : "");
printf("]");
break;
}
}
/********************************************************************/
static int fdt_chosen(void *fdt, ulong initrd_start, ulong initrd_end)
{
bd_t *bd = gd->bd;
int nodeoffset;
int err;
u32 tmp; /* used to set 32 bit integer properties */
char *str; /* used to set string properties */
ulong clock;
if (initrd_start && initrd_end) {
err = fdt_add_reservemap_entry(fdt,
initrd_start, initrd_end - initrd_start + 1);
if (err < 0) {
printf("libfdt: %s\n", fdt_strerror(err));
return err;
}
}
/*
* See if we already have a "chosen" node, create it if not.
*/
nodeoffset = fdt_path_offset (fdt, "/chosen");
if (nodeoffset < 0) {
/*
* Create a new node "/chosen" (offset 0 is root level)
*/
nodeoffset = fdt_add_subnode(fdt, 0, "chosen");
if (nodeoffset < 0) {
printf("libfdt: %s\n", fdt_strerror(nodeoffset));
return nodeoffset;
}
}
str = getenv("bootargs");
if (str != NULL) {
err = fdt_setprop(fdt, nodeoffset, "bootargs", str, strlen(str)+1);
if (err < 0)
printf("libfdt: %s\n", fdt_strerror(err));
}
if (initrd_start && initrd_end) {
tmp = __cpu_to_be32(initrd_start);
err = fdt_setprop(fdt, nodeoffset, "linux,initrd-start", &tmp, sizeof(tmp));
if (err < 0)
printf("libfdt: %s\n", fdt_strerror(err));
tmp = __cpu_to_be32(initrd_end);
err = fdt_setprop(fdt, nodeoffset, "linux,initrd-end", &tmp, sizeof(tmp));
if (err < 0)
printf("libfdt: %s\n", fdt_strerror(err));
}
#ifdef OF_STDOUT_PATH
err = fdt_setprop(fdt, nodeoffset, "linux,stdout-path", OF_STDOUT_PATH, strlen(OF_STDOUT_PATH)+1);
if (err < 0)
printf("libfdt: %s\n", fdt_strerror(err));
#endif
nodeoffset = fdt_path_offset (fdt, "/cpus");
if (nodeoffset >= 0) {
clock = cpu_to_be32(bd->bi_intfreq);
err = fdt_setprop(fdt, nodeoffset, "clock-frequency", &clock, 4);
if (err < 0)
printf("libfdt: %s\n", fdt_strerror(err));
}
#ifdef OF_TBCLK
nodeoffset = fdt_path_offset (fdt, "/cpus/" OF_CPU "/timebase-frequency");
if (nodeoffset >= 0) {
clock = cpu_to_be32(OF_TBCLK);
err = fdt_setprop(fdt, nodeoffset, "clock-frequency", &clock, 4);
if (err < 0)
printf("libfdt: %s\n", fdt_strerror(err));
}
#endif
}
/********************************************************************/
#ifdef CONFIG_OF_HAS_BD_T
/* Function that returns a character from the environment */
extern uchar(*env_get_char) (int);
#define BDM(x) { .name = #x, .offset = offsetof(bd_t, bi_ ##x ) }
static const struct {
const char *name;
int offset;
} bd_map[] = {
BDM(memstart),
BDM(memsize),
BDM(flashstart),
BDM(flashsize),
BDM(flashoffset),
BDM(sramstart),
BDM(sramsize),
#if defined(CONFIG_5xx) || defined(CONFIG_8xx) || defined(CONFIG_8260) \
|| defined(CONFIG_E500)
BDM(immr_base),
#endif
#if defined(CONFIG_MPC5xxx)
BDM(mbar_base),
#endif
#if defined(CONFIG_MPC83XX)
BDM(immrbar),
#endif
#if defined(CONFIG_MPC8220)
BDM(mbar_base),
BDM(inpfreq),
BDM(pcifreq),
BDM(pevfreq),
BDM(flbfreq),
BDM(vcofreq),
#endif
BDM(bootflags),
BDM(ip_addr),
BDM(intfreq),
BDM(busfreq),
#ifdef CONFIG_CPM2
BDM(cpmfreq),
BDM(brgfreq),
BDM(sccfreq),
BDM(vco),
#endif
#if defined(CONFIG_MPC5xxx)
BDM(ipbfreq),
BDM(pcifreq),
#endif
BDM(baudrate),
};
static int fdt_env(void *fdt)
{
int nodeoffset;
int err;
int k, nxt;
int i;
static char tmpenv[256];
/*
* See if we already have a "u-boot-env" node, delete it if so.
* Then create a new empty node.
*/
nodeoffset = fdt_path_offset (fdt, "/u-boot-env");
if (nodeoffset >= 0) {
err = fdt_del_node(fdt, nodeoffset);
if (err < 0) {
printf("libfdt: %s\n", fdt_strerror(err));
return err;
}
}
/*
* Create a new node "/u-boot-env" (offset 0 is root level)
*/
nodeoffset = fdt_add_subnode(fdt, 0, "u-boot-env");
if (nodeoffset < 0) {
printf("libfdt: %s\n", fdt_strerror(nodeoffset));
return nodeoffset;
}
for (i = 0; env_get_char(i) != '\0'; i = nxt + 1) {
char *s, *lval, *rval;
/*
* Find the end of the name=definition
*/
for (nxt = i; env_get_char(nxt) != '\0'; ++nxt)
;
s = tmpenv;
for (k = i; k < nxt && s < &tmpenv[sizeof(tmpenv) - 1]; ++k)
*s++ = env_get_char(k);
*s++ = '\0';
lval = tmpenv;
/*
* Find the first '=': it separates the name from the value
*/
s = strchr(tmpenv, '=');
if (s != NULL) {
*s++ = '\0';
rval = s;
} else
continue;
err = fdt_setprop(fdt, nodeoffset, lval, rval, strlen(rval)+1);
if (err < 0) {
printf("\"%s\" - libfdt: %s\n", lval, fdt_strerror(err));
return err;
}
}
return 0;
}
#endif /* CONFIG_OF_HAS_UBOOT_ENV */
/********************************************************************/
#ifdef CONFIG_OF_HAS_BD_T
static int fdt_bd_t(void *fdt)
{
bd_t *bd = gd->bd;
int nodeoffset;
int err;
u32 tmp; /* used to set 32 bit integer properties */
int i;
/*
* See if we already have a "bd_t" node, delete it if so.
* Then create a new empty node.
*/
nodeoffset = fdt_path_offset (fdt, "/bd_t");
if (nodeoffset >= 0) {
err = fdt_del_node(fdt, nodeoffset);
if (err < 0) {
printf("libfdt: %s\n", fdt_strerror(err));
return err;
}
}
/*
* Create a new node "/bd_t" (offset 0 is root level)
*/
nodeoffset = fdt_add_subnode(fdt, 0, "bd_t");
if (nodeoffset < 0) {
printf("libfdt: %s\n", fdt_strerror(nodeoffset));
return nodeoffset;
}
/*
* Use the string/pointer structure to create the entries...
*/
for (i = 0; i < sizeof(bd_map)/sizeof(bd_map[0]); i++) {
tmp = cpu_to_be32(getenv("bootargs"));
err = fdt_setprop(fdt, nodeoffset, bd_map[i].name, &tmp, sizeof(tmp));
if (err < 0)
printf("libfdt: %s\n", fdt_strerror(err));
}
/*
* Add a couple of oddball entries...
*/
err = fdt_setprop(fdt, nodeoffset, "enetaddr", &bd->bi_enetaddr, 6);
if (err < 0)
printf("libfdt: %s\n", fdt_strerror(err));
err = fdt_setprop(fdt, nodeoffset, "ethspeed", &bd->bi_ethspeed, 4);
if (err < 0)
printf("libfdt: %s\n", fdt_strerror(err));
#ifdef CONFIG_OF_BOARD_SETUP
ft_board_setup(fdt, bd);
#endif
return 0;
}
#endif /* CONFIG_OF_HAS_BD_T */
/********************************************************************/
U_BOOT_CMD(
fdt, 5, 0, do_fdt,
"fdt - flattened device tree utility commands\n",
"addr <addr> [<length>] - Set the fdt location to <addr>\n"
"fdt move <fdt> <newaddr> <length> - Copy the fdt to <addr>\n"
"fdt print <path> [<prop>] - Recursive print starting at <path>\n"
"fdt list <path> [<prop>] - Print one level starting at <path>\n"
"fdt set <path> <prop> [<val>] - Set <property> [to <val>]\n"
"fdt mknode <path> <node> - Create a new node after <path>\n"
"fdt rm <path> [<prop>] - Delete the node or <property>\n"
"fdt chosen - Add/update the \"/chosen\" branch in the tree\n"
#ifdef CONFIG_OF_HAS_UBOOT_ENV
"fdt env - Add/replace the \"/u-boot-env\" branch in the tree\n"
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_OF_HAS_BD_T
"fdt bd_t - Add/replace the \"/bd_t\" branch in the tree\n"
#endif
"Hints:\n"
" * Set a larger length with the fdt addr command to add to the blob.\n"
" * If the property you are setting/printing has a '#' character,\n"
" you MUST escape it with a \\ character or quote it with \" or\n"
" it will be ignored as a comment.\n"
" * If the value has spaces in it, you MUST escape the spaces with\n"
" \\ characters or quote it with \"\"\n"
"Examples: fdt print / # print the whole tree\n"
" fdt print /cpus \"#address-cells\"\n"
" fdt set /cpus \"#address-cells\" \"[00 00 00 01]\"\n"
);
#endif /* CONFIG_OF_FLAT_TREE */