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Paul E. McKenney fbce7497ee rcu: Parallelize and economize NOCB kthread wakeups 
An 80-CPU system with a context-switch-heavy workload can require so
many NOCB kthread wakeups that the RCU grace-period kthreads spend several
tens of percent of a CPU just awakening things.  This clearly will not
scale well: If you add enough CPUs, the RCU grace-period kthreads would
get behind, increasing grace-period latency.

To avoid this problem, this commit divides the NOCB kthreads into leaders
and followers, where the grace-period kthreads awaken the leaders each of
whom in turn awakens its followers.  By default, the number of groups of
kthreads is the square root of the number of CPUs, but this default may
be overridden using the rcutree.rcu_nocb_leader_stride boot parameter.
This reduces the number of wakeups done per grace period by the RCU
grace-period kthread by the square root of the number of CPUs, but of
course by shifting those wakeups to the leaders.  In addition, because
the leaders do grace periods on behalf of their respective followers,
the number of wakeups of the followers decreases by up to a factor of two.
Instead of being awakened once when new callbacks arrive and again
at the end of the grace period, the followers are awakened only at
the end of the grace period.

For a numerical example, in a 4096-CPU system, the grace-period kthread
would awaken 64 leaders, each of which would awaken its 63 followers
at the end of the grace period.  This compares favorably with the 79
wakeups for the grace-period kthread on an 80-CPU system.

Reported-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
2014-07-07 15:13:44 -07:00
..
debug kernel/printk: use symbolic defines for console loglevels 2014-06-04 16:54:17 -07:00
events Merge branch 'perf-core-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip 2014-06-12 19:18:49 -07:00
gcov gcov: add support for GCC 4.9 2014-06-10 15:34:46 -07:00
irq genirq: Improve documentation to match current implementation 2014-05-27 10:16:44 +02:00
locking Merge branch 'locking-core-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip 2014-06-12 18:48:15 -07:00
power Merge branch 'pm-sleep' 2014-06-12 13:43:08 +02:00
printk kernel/printk: use symbolic defines for console loglevels 2014-06-04 16:54:17 -07:00
rcu rcu: Parallelize and economize NOCB kthread wakeups 2014-07-07 15:13:44 -07:00
sched rcu: Reduce overhead of cond_resched() checks for RCU 2014-06-23 11:19:32 -07:00
time Merge branch 'akpm' (patchbomb from Andrew) into next 2014-06-04 16:55:13 -07:00
trace One bug fix that goes back to 3.10. Accessing a non existent buffer 2014-06-12 21:07:25 -07:00
.gitignore Ignore generated file kernel/x509_certificate_list 2013-12-10 18:21:34 +00:00
acct.c ipc, kernel: clear whitespace 2014-06-06 16:08:14 -07:00
async.c
audit_tree.c inotify: Fix reporting of cookies for inotify events 2014-02-18 11:17:17 +01:00
audit_watch.c inotify: Fix reporting of cookies for inotify events 2014-02-18 11:17:17 +01:00
audit.c Merge git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/davem/net-next 2014-06-12 14:27:40 -07:00
audit.h audit: Use struct net not pid_t to remember the network namespce to reply in 2014-03-20 10:10:53 -04:00
auditfilter.c Merge git://git.infradead.org/users/eparis/audit 2014-04-12 12:38:53 -07:00
auditsc.c auditsc: audit_krule mask accesses need bounds checking 2014-06-10 08:44:40 -07:00
backtracetest.c kernel/backtracetest.c: replace no level printk by pr_info() 2014-06-04 16:54:14 -07:00
bounds.c mm: do not allocate page->ptl dynamically, if spinlock_t fits to long 2013-12-20 12:25:45 -08:00
capability.c fs,userns: Change inode_capable to capable_wrt_inode_uidgid 2014-06-10 13:57:22 -07:00
cgroup_freezer.c cgroup: remove css_parent() 2014-05-16 13:22:48 -04:00
cgroup.c Merge branch 'for-3.16' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tj/cgroup 2014-06-09 15:03:33 -07:00
compat.c kernel/compat.c: use sizeof() instead of sizeof 2014-06-04 16:54:19 -07:00
configs.c
context_tracking.c asmlinkage: Add explicit __visible to drivers/*, lib/*, kernel/* 2014-05-05 16:07:46 -07:00
cpu_pm.c
cpu.c More ACPI and power management updates for 3.16-rc1 2014-06-12 13:14:19 -07:00
cpuset.c Merge branch 'for-3.16' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tj/cgroup 2014-06-09 15:03:33 -07:00
crash_dump.c
cred.c
delayacct.c
dma.c
elfcore.c
exec_domain.c kernel/exec_domain.c: code clean-up 2014-06-04 16:54:15 -07:00
exit.c signals: mv {dis,}allow_signal() from sched.h/exit.c to signal.[ch] 2014-06-06 16:08:11 -07:00
extable.c asmlinkage: Make main_extable_sort_needed visible 2014-02-13 18:13:22 -08:00
fork.c ptrace: fix fork event messages across pid namespaces 2014-06-06 16:08:11 -07:00
freezer.c libata, freezer: avoid block device removal while system is frozen 2013-12-19 13:50:32 -05:00
futex_compat.c compat: Get rid of (get|put)_compat_time(val|spec) 2014-02-02 14:09:12 -08:00
futex.c Merge branch 'next' (accumulated 3.16 merge window patches) into master 2014-06-08 11:31:16 -07:00
groups.c kernel/groups.c: remove return value of set_groups 2014-04-03 16:21:05 -07:00
hrtimer.c Merge branch 'perf/urgent' into perf/core, to resolve conflict and to prepare for new patches 2014-06-06 07:55:06 +02:00
hung_task.c kernel/hung_task.c: convert simple_strtoul to kstrtouint 2014-06-04 16:54:15 -07:00
irq_work.c perf/x86: Warn to early_printk() in case irq_work is too slow 2014-02-21 21:49:07 +01:00
itimer.c
jump_label.c
kallsyms.c kernel: use macros from compiler.h instead of __attribute__((...)) 2014-04-07 16:36:11 -07:00
kcmp.c
Kconfig.freezer
Kconfig.hz
Kconfig.locks locking/rwlocks: Introduce 'qrwlocks' - fair, queued rwlocks 2014-06-06 07:58:28 +02:00
Kconfig.preempt
kexec.c kernel/kexec.c: convert printk to pr_foo() 2014-06-06 16:08:12 -07:00
kmod.c signals: change wait_for_helper() to use kernel_sigaction() 2014-06-06 16:08:12 -07:00
kprobes.c kprobes: Show blacklist entries via debugfs 2014-04-24 10:26:41 +02:00
ksysfs.c kobject: Make support for uevent_helper optional. 2014-04-25 12:00:49 -07:00
kthread.c kthread: fix return value of kthread_create() upon SIGKILL. 2014-06-04 16:53:51 -07:00
latencytop.c kernel/latencytop.c: convert seq_printf to seq_puts 2014-06-04 16:54:15 -07:00
Makefile Merge branch 'x86-asmlinkage-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip 2014-03-31 14:13:25 -07:00
module_signing.c
module-internal.h
module.c Most of this is cleaning up various driver sysfs permissions so we can 2014-06-11 16:09:14 -07:00
notifier.c kprobes, notifier: Use NOKPROBE_SYMBOL macro in notifier 2014-04-24 10:26:39 +02:00
nsproxy.c
padata.c padata: Fix wrong usage of rcu_dereference() 2013-12-05 21:28:42 +08:00
panic.c kernel/panic.c: add "crash_kexec_post_notifiers" option for kdump after panic_notifers 2014-06-06 16:08:12 -07:00
params.c param: hand arguments after -- straight to init 2014-04-28 11:48:34 +09:30
pid_namespace.c pid_namespace: pidns_get() should check task_active_pid_ns() != NULL 2014-04-02 16:20:21 -07:00
pid.c
posix-cpu-timers.c posix-timers: Convert abuses of BUG_ON to WARN_ON 2013-12-09 16:56:29 +01:00
posix-timers.c
profile.c kernel/profile.c: use static const char instead of static char 2014-06-06 16:08:13 -07:00
ptrace.c kernel/compat: convert to COMPAT_SYSCALL_DEFINE 2014-03-06 15:35:10 +01:00
range.c
reboot.c kernel/reboot.c: convert simple_strtoul to kstrtoint 2014-06-04 16:54:15 -07:00
relay.c Merge branch 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/viro/vfs 2014-04-12 14:49:50 -07:00
res_counter.c kernel/res_counter.c: replace simple_strtoull by kstrtoull 2014-06-04 16:54:15 -07:00
resource.c resources: Clarify sanity check message 2014-05-23 10:47:21 -06:00
seccomp.c Merge git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/davem/net-next 2014-06-12 14:27:40 -07:00
signal.c signals: introduce kernel_sigaction() 2014-06-06 16:08:12 -07:00
smp.c smp: print more useful debug info upon receiving IPI on an offline CPU 2014-06-06 16:08:12 -07:00
smpboot.c
smpboot.h
softirq.c Merge branch 'rcu/next' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/paulmck/linux-rcu into core/rcu 2014-05-22 11:36:10 +02:00
stacktrace.c
stop_machine.c kernel/stop_machine.c: kernel-doc warning fix 2014-06-04 16:54:15 -07:00
sys_ni.c sys_sgetmask/sys_ssetmask: add CONFIG_SGETMASK_SYSCALL 2014-06-04 16:54:14 -07:00
sys.c sched: Consolidate open coded implementations of nice level frobbing into nice_to_rlimit() and rlimit_to_nice() 2014-05-22 11:16:36 +02:00
sysctl_binary.c
sysctl.c Merge git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/davem/net-next 2014-06-12 14:27:40 -07:00
system_certificates.S KEYS: correct alignment of system_certificate_list content in assembly file 2013-12-10 18:25:28 +00:00
system_keyring.c KEYS: correct alignment of system_certificate_list content in assembly file 2013-12-10 18:25:28 +00:00
task_work.c
taskstats.c genetlink: only pass array to genl_register_family_with_ops() 2013-11-19 16:39:05 -05:00
test_kprobes.c
time.c
timeconst.bc
timer.c timer: Prevent overflow in apply_slack 2014-04-30 13:46:17 +02:00
torture.c torture: Remove __init from torture_init_begin/end 2014-05-14 09:46:30 -07:00
tracepoint.c kernel/tracepoint.c: kernel-doc fixes 2014-06-04 16:54:15 -07:00
tsacct.c
uid16.c
up.c smp: Rename __smp_call_function_single() to smp_call_function_single_async() 2014-02-24 14:47:15 -08:00
user_namespace.c kernel/user_namespace.c: kernel-doc/checkpatch fixes 2014-06-06 16:08:13 -07:00
user-return-notifier.c
user.c kernel/user.c: drop unused field 'files' from user_struct 2014-06-04 16:54:16 -07:00
utsname_sysctl.c sysctl: convert use of typedef ctl_table to struct ctl_table 2014-06-06 16:08:16 -07:00
utsname.c
watchdog.c kernel/watchdog.c:touch_softlockup_watchdog(): use raw_cpu_write() 2014-04-18 16:40:08 -07:00
workqueue_internal.h workqueue: rename manager_mutex to attach_mutex 2014-05-20 10:59:32 -04:00
workqueue.c Merge branch 'for-3.16' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tj/wq 2014-06-09 14:56:49 -07:00