d39f3d77c9
In some cases we are forced to store individual records for a continuation line print. Export a flag to allow the external re-construction of the line. The flag allows us to apply a similar logic externally which is used internally when the console, /proc/kmsg or the syslog() output is printed. $ cat /dev/kmsg 4,165,0,-;Free swap = 0kB 4,166,0,-;Total swap = 0kB 6,167,0,c;[ 4,168,0,+;0 4,169,0,+;1 4,170,0,+;2 4,171,0,+;3 4,172,0,+;] 6,173,0,-;[0 1 2 3 ] 6,174,0,-;Console: colour VGA+ 80x25 6,175,0,-;console [tty0] enabled Signed-off-by: Kay Sievers <kay@vrfy.org> Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
102 lines
4.1 KiB
Plaintext
102 lines
4.1 KiB
Plaintext
What: /dev/kmsg
|
|
Date: Mai 2012
|
|
KernelVersion: 3.5
|
|
Contact: Kay Sievers <kay@vrfy.org>
|
|
Description: The /dev/kmsg character device node provides userspace access
|
|
to the kernel's printk buffer.
|
|
|
|
Injecting messages:
|
|
Every write() to the opened device node places a log entry in
|
|
the kernel's printk buffer.
|
|
|
|
The logged line can be prefixed with a <N> syslog prefix, which
|
|
carries the syslog priority and facility. The single decimal
|
|
prefix number is composed of the 3 lowest bits being the syslog
|
|
priority and the higher bits the syslog facility number.
|
|
|
|
If no prefix is given, the priority number is the default kernel
|
|
log priority and the facility number is set to LOG_USER (1). It
|
|
is not possible to inject messages from userspace with the
|
|
facility number LOG_KERN (0), to make sure that the origin of
|
|
the messages can always be reliably determined.
|
|
|
|
Accessing the buffer:
|
|
Every read() from the opened device node receives one record
|
|
of the kernel's printk buffer.
|
|
|
|
The first read() directly following an open() always returns
|
|
first message in the buffer; there is no kernel-internal
|
|
persistent state; many readers can concurrently open the device
|
|
and read from it, without affecting other readers.
|
|
|
|
Every read() will receive the next available record. If no more
|
|
records are available read() will block, or if O_NONBLOCK is
|
|
used -EAGAIN returned.
|
|
|
|
Messages in the record ring buffer get overwritten as whole,
|
|
there are never partial messages received by read().
|
|
|
|
In case messages get overwritten in the circular buffer while
|
|
the device is kept open, the next read() will return -EPIPE,
|
|
and the seek position be updated to the next available record.
|
|
Subsequent reads() will return available records again.
|
|
|
|
Unlike the classic syslog() interface, the 64 bit record
|
|
sequence numbers allow to calculate the amount of lost
|
|
messages, in case the buffer gets overwritten. And they allow
|
|
to reconnect to the buffer and reconstruct the read position
|
|
if needed, without limiting the interface to a single reader.
|
|
|
|
The device supports seek with the following parameters:
|
|
SEEK_SET, 0
|
|
seek to the first entry in the buffer
|
|
SEEK_END, 0
|
|
seek after the last entry in the buffer
|
|
SEEK_DATA, 0
|
|
seek after the last record available at the time
|
|
the last SYSLOG_ACTION_CLEAR was issued.
|
|
|
|
The output format consists of a prefix carrying the syslog
|
|
prefix including priority and facility, the 64 bit message
|
|
sequence number and the monotonic timestamp in microseconds,
|
|
and a flag field. All fields are separated by a ','.
|
|
|
|
Future extensions might add more comma separated values before
|
|
the terminating ';'. Unknown fields and values should be
|
|
gracefully ignored.
|
|
|
|
The human readable text string starts directly after the ';'
|
|
and is terminated by a '\n'. Untrusted values derived from
|
|
hardware or other facilities are printed, therefore
|
|
all non-printable characters and '\' itself in the log message
|
|
are escaped by "\x00" C-style hex encoding.
|
|
|
|
A line starting with ' ', is a continuation line, adding
|
|
key/value pairs to the log message, which provide the machine
|
|
readable context of the message, for reliable processing in
|
|
userspace.
|
|
|
|
Example:
|
|
7,160,424069,-;pci_root PNP0A03:00: host bridge window [io 0x0000-0x0cf7] (ignored)
|
|
SUBSYSTEM=acpi
|
|
DEVICE=+acpi:PNP0A03:00
|
|
6,339,5140900,-;NET: Registered protocol family 10
|
|
30,340,5690716,-;udevd[80]: starting version 181
|
|
|
|
The DEVICE= key uniquely identifies devices the following way:
|
|
b12:8 - block dev_t
|
|
c127:3 - char dev_t
|
|
n8 - netdev ifindex
|
|
+sound:card0 - subsystem:devname
|
|
|
|
The flags field carries '-' by default. A 'c' indicates a
|
|
fragment of a line. All following fragments are flagged with
|
|
'+'. Note, that these hints about continuation lines are not
|
|
neccessarily correct, and the stream could be interleaved with
|
|
unrelated messages, but merging the lines in the output
|
|
usually produces better human readable results. A similar
|
|
logic is used internally when messages are printed to the
|
|
console, /proc/kmsg or the syslog() syscall.
|
|
|
|
Users: dmesg(1), userspace kernel log consumers
|