USB-audio driver assumes that the normal resume would preserve the
device configuration while reset_resume wouldn't, and tries to restore
the mixer elements only at reset_resume callback. However, this seems
too naive, and some devices do behave differently, resetting the
volume at the normal resume; this resulted in the inconsistent volume
that surprised users.
This patch changes the mixer resume code to handle both the normal and
reset resume in the same way, always restoring the original mixer
element values. This allows us to unify the both callbacks as well as
dropping the no longer used reset_resume field, which ends up with a
good code reduction.
A slight behavior change by this patch is that now we assign
restore_mixer_value() as the default resume callback, and the function
is no longer called at reset-resume when the resume callback is
overridden by the quirk function. That is, if needed, the quirk
resume function would have to handle similarly as
restore_mixer_value() by itself.
Reported-by: En-Shuo Hsu <enshuo@chromium.org>
Cc: Yu-Hsuan Hsu <yuhsuan@chromium.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/CADDZ45UPsbpAAqP6=ZkTT8BE-yLii4Y7xSDnjK550G2DhQsMew@mail.gmail.com
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20210910105155.12862-1-tiwai@suse.de
Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
Add another device ID for JBL Quantum 800. It requires the same quirk as
other JBL Quantum devices.
Signed-off-by: Alexander Tsoy <alexander@tsoy.me>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20210831002531.116957-1-alexander@tsoy.me
Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
For making user to switch back to the old playback mode, this patch
adds a new module option 'lowlatency' to snd-usb-audio driver.
When user face a regression due to the recent low-latency playback
support, they can test easily by passing lowlatency=0 option without
rebuilding the kernel.
Fixes: 307cc9baac ("ALSA: usb-audio: Reduce latency at playback start, take#2")
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20210829073830.22686-1-tiwai@suse.de
Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
The recent change for low latency playback works in most of test cases
but it turned out still to hit errors on some use cases, most notably
with JACK with small buffer sizes. This is because USB-audio driver
fills up and submits full URBs at the beginning, while the URBs would
return immediately and try to fill more -- that can easily trigger
XRUN. It was more or less expected, but in the small buffer size, the
problem became pretty obvious.
Fixing this behavior properly would require the change of the
fundamental driver design, so it's no trivial task, unfortunately.
Instead, here we work around the problem just by switching back to the
old method when the given configuration is too fragile with the low
latency stream handling. As a threshold, we calculate the total
buffer bytes in all plus one URBs, and check whether it's beyond the
PCM buffer bytes. The one extra URB is needed because XRUN happens at
the next submission after the first round.
Fixes: 307cc9baac ("ALSA: usb-audio: Reduce latency at playback start, take#2")
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20210827203311.5987-1-tiwai@suse.de
Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
The recent quirk for WALKMAN (commit 7af5a14371: "ALSA: usb-audio:
Fix regression on Sony WALKMAN NW-A45 DAC") may be required for other
devices and is worth to be put into the common quirk flags.
This patch adds a new quirk flag bit QUIRK_FLAG_SET_IFACE_FIRST and a
quirk table entry for the device.
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20210824055720.9240-1-tiwai@suse.de
Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
We've got a regression report for USB-audio with Sony WALKMAN NW-A45
DAC device where no sound is audible on recent kernel. The bisection
resulted in the code change wrt endpoint management, and the further
debug session revealed that it was caused by the order of the USB
audio interface. In the earlier code, we always set up the USB
interface at first before other setups, but it was changed to be done
at the last for UAC2/3, which is more standard way, while keeping the
old way for UAC1. OTOH, this device seems requiring the setup of the
interface at first just like UAC1.
This patch works around the regression by applying the interface setup
specifically for the WALKMAN at the beginning of the endpoint setup
procedure. This change is written straightforwardly to be easily
backported in old kernels. A further cleanup to move the workaround
into a generic quirk section will follow in a later patch.
Fixes: bf6313a0ff ("ALSA: usb-audio: Refactor endpoint management")
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
BugLink: https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=214105
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20210824054700.8236-1-tiwai@suse.de
Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
This adds a second mixer control to Digidesign Mbox
to select between Analog/SPDIF capture.
Users will note that selecting the SPDIF input source
automatically switches the clock mode to sync to SPDIF,
which is a feature of the hardware.
(You can change the clock source back to internal if you want
to capture from spdif but not sync to its clock although this mode
is probably not recommended).
Unfortunately, starting the stream resets both modes
to Internally clocked and Analog input mode.
Signed-off-by: Damien Zammit <damien@zamaudio.com>
Tested-by: Damien Zammit <damien@zamaudio.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20210813113402.11849-1-damien@zamaudio.com
Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
Don't populate array names_to_check on the stack but instead it
static. Makes the object code smaller by 56 bytes. Also clean
up checkpatch warning by adding extra const for names_to_check
and pointer s.
Before:
text data bss dec hex filename
103512 34380 0 137892 21aa4 ./sound/usb/mixer.o
After:
text data bss dec hex filename
103264 34572 0 137836 21a6c ./sound/usb/mixer.o
(gcc version 10.2.0)
Signed-off-by: Colin Ian King <colin.king@canonical.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20210803122839.7143-1-colin.king@canonical.com
Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
This patch adds a new module option, quirk_flags, for allowing user to
try some additional device-specific quirk behavior more easily.
When this option is set to non-zero, it overrides the quirk_flags, and
the specific workaround is applied.
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20210729074404.19728-5-tiwai@suse.de
Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
The mixer code has a flag ignore_ctl_error for ignoring the errors
returned from the device wrt mixer accesses, and this is set from the
entries in mixer_maps.c, as well as ignore_ctl_error module option.
Those can be well integrated into the new quirk_flags field, too.
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20210729074404.19728-3-tiwai@suse.de
Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
The auto-suspend suppression workaround for Lenovo machines are
handled in quirks-table.h. Now it's more easier to handle with
quirk_flags.
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20210729074404.19728-2-tiwai@suse.de
Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
The rate validation at the device probe is applied only to the
specific devices (currently only for MOTU devices), and this check can
be moved to quirk_flags gracefully, too.
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20210729074404.19728-1-tiwai@suse.de
Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
We apply some delay for the control messages on certain devices as a
workaround, and this can be moved into the quirk_flags as well.
Currently there are three different delay periods (1ms, 5ms and 20ms),
so three different quirk bits are assigned for them.
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20210729073855.19043-9-tiwai@suse.de
Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
There is another quirk for the transfer, and that's currently specific
to Zoom R16/24, handled in create_standard_audio_quirk(). Let's move
this also to the new quirk_flags.
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20210729073855.19043-5-tiwai@suse.de
Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
The txfr_quirk field was meant for aligning the transfer, and it's set
for certain devices in quirks-table.h. Now we can move that stuff
also to the new quirk_flags gracefully, and reduce the quirks-table.h
entries (that are exposed to module device table).
As the quirks-table.h entries are also with the name string override,
provide the corresponding entries to the usb_audio_names[] table,
too.
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20210729073855.19043-4-tiwai@suse.de
Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
The devices that can have media-controller API entries are currently
specified via tables in quirks-table.h, as a part of descriptor
override. This can fit better to the new quirk_flags, as we just need
a matching with the given ID and create the MC entries accordingly.
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20210729073855.19043-3-tiwai@suse.de
Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
As more and more device-specific workarounds came up and gathered in
various places, it becomes harder to manage. Now it's time to clean
up and collect workarounds more consistently and make them more easily
applicable.
This patch is the first step for that: a new field quirk_flags is
introduced in snd_usb_audio struct to contain the bit flags for
various device-specific quirks. Those are separate one from the
quirks in quirks-table.h; the quirks-table.h entries are for more
intrusive stuff that needs the descriptor override, while the new
quirk_flags is for easier ones that are tied with the vendor:product
IDs.
In this patch, as the first example, we convert the list of devices
and vendors to ignore GET_SAMPLE_RATE, formerly defined in
snb_usb_get_sample_rate_quirk().
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20210729073855.19043-2-tiwai@suse.de
Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
The recent fix for the resume on Lenovo machines seems causing a
regression on others. It's because the change always triggers the
connector selection no matter which widget node type is.
This patch addresses the regression by setting the resume callback
selectively only for the connector widget.
Fixes: 44609fc01f ("ALSA: usb-audio: Check connector value on resume")
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
BugLink: https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=213897
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20210729185126.24432-1-tiwai@suse.de
Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
Apparently JBL Quantum 600 has multiple hardware revisions. Apply
registration quirk to another device id as well.
Signed-off-by: Alexander Tsoy <alexander@tsoy.me>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20210727093326.1153366-1-alexander@tsoy.me
Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
The change to restore the autosuspend from the disabled state uses a
wrong check: namely, it should have been the exact comparison of the
quirk_type instead of the bitwise and (&). Otherwise it matches
wrongly with the other quirk types.
Although re-enabling the autosuspend for the already enabled device
shouldn't matter much, it's better to fix the unbalanced call.
Fixes: 9799110825 ("ALSA: usb-audio: Disable USB autosuspend properly in setup_disable_autosuspend()")
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/s5hr1flh9ov.wl-tiwai@suse.de
Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
The following scenario describes an echo test for
Samsung USBC Headset (AKG) with VID/PID (0x04e8/0xa051).
We first start a capture stream(USB IN transfer) in 96Khz/24bit/1ch mode.
In clock find source function, we get value 0x2 for clock selector
and 0x1 for clock source.
Kernel-4.14 behavior
Since clock source is valid so clock selector was not set again.
We pass through this function and start a playback stream(USB OUT transfer)
in 48Khz/32bit/2ch mode. This time we get value 0x1 for clock selector
and 0x1 for clock source. Finally clock id with this setting is 0x9.
Kernel-5.10 behavior
Clock selector was always set one more time even it is valid.
When we start a playback stream, we will get 0x2 for clock selector
and 0x1 for clock source. In this case clock id becomes 0xA.
This is an incorrect clock source setting and results in severe noises.
We see wrong data rate in USB IN transfer.
(From 288 bytes/ms becomes 144 bytes/ms) It should keep in 288 bytes/ms.
This earphone works fine on older kernel version load because
this is a newly-added behavior.
Fixes: d2e8f64125 ("ALSA: usb-audio: Explicitly set up the clock selector")
Signed-off-by: chihhao.chen <chihhao.chen@mediatek.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/1627100621-19225-1-git-send-email-chihhao.chen@mediatek.com
Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
The values of the line output controls can change when the SW/HW
switches are set to HW, and also when speaker switching is enabled.
These notifications were sent with a mask of only
SNDRV_CTL_EVENT_MASK_INFO. Change the notifications to set the
SNDRV_CTL_EVENT_MASK_VALUE mask bit as well.
When the mute control is updated, the notification was sent with a
mask of SNDRV_CTL_EVENT_MASK_INFO. Change the mask to the correct
value of SNDRV_CTL_EVENT_MASK_VALUE.
Signed-off-by: Geoffrey D. Bennett <g@b4.vu>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/8192e15ba62fa4bc90425c005f265c0de530be20.1626959758.git.g@b4.vu
Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
After the hardware mute button is pressed, private->vol_updated is set
so that the mute status is invalidated. As the channel mute values may
be affected by the global mute value, update scarlett2_mute_ctl_get()
to call scarlett2_update_volumes() if private->vol_updated is set.
Signed-off-by: Geoffrey D. Bennett <g@b4.vu>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/aa18ddbf8d8bd7f31832ab1b6b6057c00b931202.1626959758.git.g@b4.vu
Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
These devices has two interfaces, but only the second interface
contains the capture endpoint, thus quirk is required to delay the
registration until the second interface appears.
Tested-by: Jakub Fišer <jakub@ufiseru.cz>
Signed-off-by: Alexander Tsoy <alexander@tsoy.me>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20210721235605.53741-1-alexander@tsoy.me
Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
Recently we've added a new usb_mixer element type, USB_MIXER_BESPOKEN,
but it wasn't added in the table in snd_usb_mixer_dump_cval(). This
is no big problem since each bespoken type should have its own dump
method, but it still isn't disallowed to use the standard one, so we
should cover it as well. Along with it, define the table with the
explicit array initializer for avoiding other pitfalls.
Fixes: 785b6f29a7 ("ALSA: usb-audio: scarlett2: Fix wrong resume call")
Reported-by: Pavel Machek <pavel@denx.de>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20210714084836.1977-1-tiwai@suse.de
Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
This is another attempt for the reduction of the latency at the start
of a USB audio playback stream. The first attempt in the commit
9ce650a75a caused an unexpected regression (a deadlock with pipewire
usage) and was later reverted by the commit 4b820e167b. The devils
are always living in details, of course; the cause of the deadlock was
the call of snd_pcm_period_elapsed() inside prepare_playback_urb()
callback. In the original code, this callback is never called from
the stream lock context as it's driven solely from the URB complete
callback. Along with the movement of the URB submission into the
trigger START, this prepare call may be also executed in the stream
lock context, hence it deadlocked with the another lock in
snd_pcm_period_elapsed(). (Note that this happens only conditionally
with a small period size that matches with the URB buffer length,
which was a reason I overlooked during my tests. Also, the problem
wasn't seen in the capture stream because the capture stream handles
the period-elapsed only at retire callback that isn't executed at the
trigger.)
If it were only about avoiding the deadlock, it'd be possible to use
snd_pcm_period_elapsed_under_stream_lock() as a solution. However, in
general, the period elapsed notification must be sent after the actual
stream start, and replacing the call wouldn't satisfy the pattern.
A better option is to delay the notification after the stream start
procedure finished, instead. In the case of USB framework, one of the
fitting place would be the complete callback of the first URB.
So, as a workaround of the deadlock and the order fixes above, in
addition to the re-applying the changes in the commit 9ce650a75a,
this patch introduces a new flag indicating the delayed period-elapsed
handling and sets it under the possible deadlock condition
(i.e. prepare callback being called before subs->running is set).
Once when the flag is set, the period-elapsed call is handled at a
later URB complete call instead.
As a reference for the original motivation for the low-latency change,
I cite here again:
| USB-audio driver behaves a bit strangely for the playback stream --
| namely, it starts sending silent packets at PCM prepare state while
| the actual data is submitted at first when the trigger START is
| kicked off. This is a workaround for the behavior where URBs are
| processed too quickly at the beginning. That is, if we start
| submitting URBs at trigger START, the first few URBs will be
| immediately completed, and this would result in the immediate
| period-elapsed calls right after the start, which may confuse
| applications.
|
| OTOH, submitting the data after silent URBs would, of course, result
| in a certain delay of the actual data processing, and this is rather
| more serious problem on modern systems, in practice.
|
| This patch tries to revert the workaround and lets the URB
| submission starting at PCM trigger for the playback again. As far
| as I've tested with various backends (native ALSA, PA, JACK, PW), I
| haven't seen any problems (famous last words :)
|
| Note that the capture stream handling needs no such workaround,
| since the capture is driven per received URB.
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/4e71531f-4535-fd46-040e-506a3c256bbd@marcan.st
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/s5hbl7li0fe.wl-tiwai@suse.de
Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20210707112447.27485-1-tiwai@suse.de
Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
This reverts commit 9ce650a75a.
This commit causes watchdog lockups on my machine, and while I have no
idea what the cause is, it bisected right to this commit, and reverting
the change promptly fixes it.
At least occasionally one of the watchdog call traces was
Call Trace:
_raw_spin_lock_irqsave+0x35/0x40
snd_pcm_period_elapsed+0x1b/0xa0 [snd_pcm]
snd_usb_endpoint_start+0x1a0/0x3c0 [snd_usb_audio]
start_endpoints+0x23/0x90 [snd_usb_audio]
snd_usb_substream_playback_trigger+0x7b/0x1a0 [snd_usb_audio]
snd_pcm_common_ioctl+0x1c44/0x2360 [snd_pcm]
snd_pcm_ioctl+0x2e/0x40 [snd_pcm]
__se_sys_ioctl+0x72/0xc0
do_syscall_64+0x4c/0xa0
entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x44/0xae
so presumably it's a locking error on that substream spinlock that
snd_pcm_period_elapsed() takes. But at this point I just want to have a
working system so that I can continue the merge window work tomorrow.
Cc: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Clang warns:
sound/usb/mixer_scarlett_gen2.c:1189:32: warning: expression result
unused [-Wunused-value]
for (i = 0; i < count; i++, (u16 *)buf++)
^ ~~~~~
1 warning generated.
It appears the intention was to cast the void pointer to a u16 pointer
so that the data could be iterated through like an array of u16 values.
However, the cast happens after the increment because a cast is an
rvalue, whereas the post-increment operator only works on lvalues, so
the loop does not iterate as expected. This is not a bug in practice
because count is not greater than one at the moment but this could
change in the future so this should be fixed.
Replace the cast with a temporary variable of the proper type, which is
less error prone and fixes the iteration. Do the same thing for the
'u8 *' below this if block.
Fixes: ac34df733d ("ALSA: usb-audio: scarlett2: Update get_config to do endian conversion")
Link: https://github.com/ClangBuiltLinux/linux/issues/1408
Acked-by: Geoffrey D. Bennett <g@b4.vu>
Signed-off-by: Nathan Chancellor <nathan@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20210627051202.1888250-1-nathan@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
Mixer control put callbacks should return 1 if the value is changed.
Fix the mute, air, phantom, direct monitor, speaker switch, talkback,
and MSD controls accordingly.
Fix scarlett2_speaker_switch_enable() to not ignore the return value
of scarlett2_sw_hw_change().
Reported-by: Aaron Wolf <aaron@wolftune.com>
Tested-by: Aaron Wolf <aaron@wolftune.com>
Signed-off-by: Geoffrey D. Bennett <g@b4.vu>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/76643f7ac81aef93351122d07881e30d51dcb1b9.1624798436.git.g@b4.vu
Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
The 18i8 Gen 3 has 4 inputs with a pad control, not 2. Update
s18i8_gen3_info.pad_input_count.
Reported-by: Aaron Wolf <aaron@wolftune.com>
Tested-by: Aaron Wolf <aaron@wolftune.com>
Signed-off-by: Geoffrey D. Bennett <g@b4.vu>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/29a6ce412a42373daab7c96c395560461fcf08c6.1624798436.git.g@b4.vu
Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
For configuration items with a size of 16, scarlett2_usb_get_config()
was filling *buf with little-endian data. Update it to convert to CPU
endian. This function is not currently used so affects nothing yet;
will be used by the upcoming talkback feature.
Signed-off-by: Geoffrey D. Bennett <g@b4.vu>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/cbc8b6eedd859dd27086ab4126d724a86dd50bcb.1624379707.git.g@b4.vu
Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
The 18i8 and 18i20 Gen 3 support "speaker switching". Add a Speaker
Switch control which can be set to Off/Main/Alt.
When speaker switching is enabled or disabled, the interface may
change the state of the Analog Outputs 3 and 4 routing and the global
mute button, so use a flag private->speaker_switching_switched to note
that those should be checked when the next "monitor other"
notification is received.
Signed-off-by: Geoffrey D. Bennett <g@b4.vu>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/874193a534cd0aeb6f2e108ae761cadd2dc25ad2.1624379707.git.g@b4.vu
Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
Enabling/disabling speaker switching will update the mux
configuration. To prepare for this, add a private->mux_updated flag
and update the scarlett2_mux_src_enum_ctl_get() callback to check it.
Signed-off-by: Geoffrey D. Bennett <g@b4.vu>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/5ce3bb9fe4006b550d18c783c5ff640fe0bfbfcb.1624379707.git.g@b4.vu
Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
Save the struct snd_kcontrol pointers for the sw_hw and mux controls.
This is in preparation for speaker switching support which needs to be
able to update those controls.
Signed-off-by: Geoffrey D. Bennett <g@b4.vu>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/269d89181bf29dbea80ba6f8cfff84fb23b77f86.1624379707.git.g@b4.vu
Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
Split part of scarlett2_sw_hw_enum_ctl_put() out into
scarlett2_sw_hw_change() so that the code which actually makes the
change is available in its own function. This will be used by the
speaker switching support which needs to set the SW/HW switch to HW
when speaker switching is enabled.
Signed-off-by: Geoffrey D. Bennett <g@b4.vu>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/f2cf91841ba067b490e7709bc4b14f4532b4ddd5.1624379707.git.g@b4.vu
Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
The Solo and 2i2 devices don't have a mixer but they do have a "direct
monitor" switch. Add support for getting and setting the state of this
switch.
Co-developed-by: Vladimir Sadovnikov <sadko4u@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Vladimir Sadovnikov <sadko4u@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Geoffrey D. Bennett <g@b4.vu>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/61d23dc4feb3b046d870ad7203e66ff2bd1d278c.1624379707.git.g@b4.vu
Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
