Creating a lot of cgroups at the same time might stall all worker
threads with kmem cache creation works, because kmem cache creation is
done with the slab_mutex held. The problem was amplified by commits
801faf0db8 ("mm/slab: lockless decision to grow cache") in case of
SLAB and 81ae6d0395 ("mm/slub.c: replace kick_all_cpus_sync() with
synchronize_sched() in kmem_cache_shrink()") in case of SLUB, which
increased the maximal time the slab_mutex can be held.
To prevent that from happening, let's use a special ordered single
threaded workqueue for kmem cache creation. This shouldn't introduce
any functional changes regarding how kmem caches are created, as the
work function holds the global slab_mutex during its whole runtime
anyway, making it impossible to run more than one work at a time. By
using a single threaded workqueue, we just avoid creating a thread per
each work. Ordering is required to avoid a situation when a cgroup's
work is put off indefinitely because there are other cgroups to serve,
in other words to guarantee fairness.
Link: https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=172981
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20161004131417.GC1862@esperanza
Signed-off-by: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov.dev@gmail.com>
Reported-by: Doug Smythies <dsmythies@telus.net>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
CURRENT_TIME is not y2038 safe.
Use y2038 safe ktime_get_real_seconds() here for timestamps. struct
heartbeat_block's hb_seq and deletetion time are already 64 bits wide
and accommodate times beyond y2038.
Also use y2038 safe ktime_get_real_ts64() for on disk inode timestamps.
These are also wide enough to accommodate time64_t.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1475365298-29236-1-git-send-email-deepa.kernel@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Deepa Dinamani <deepa.kernel@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
Cc: Mark Fasheh <mfasheh@versity.com>
Cc: Joel Becker <jlbec@evilplan.org>
Cc: Junxiao Bi <junxiao.bi@oracle.com>
Cc: Joseph Qi <jiangqi903@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
struct timespec is not y2038 safe. Use time64_t which is y2038 safe to
represent orphan scan times. time64_t is sufficient here as only the
seconds delta times are relevant.
Also use appropriate time functions that return time in time64_t format.
Time functions now return monotonic time instead of real time as only
delta scan times are relevant and these values are not persistent across
reboots.
The format string for the debug print is still using long as this is
only the time elapsed since the last scan and long is sufficient to
represent this value.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1475365138-20567-1-git-send-email-deepa.kernel@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Deepa Dinamani <deepa.kernel@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
Cc: Mark Fasheh <mfasheh@versity.com>
Cc: Joel Becker <jlbec@evilplan.org>
Cc: Junxiao Bi <junxiao.bi@oracle.com>
Cc: Joseph Qi <jiangqi903@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
In ocfs2_lock_refcount_tree, if ocfs2_read_refcount_block() returns an
error, we do ocfs2_refcount_tree_put twice (once in
ocfs2_unlock_refcount_tree and once outside it), thereby reducing the
refcount of the refcount tree twice, but we dont delete the tree in this
case. This will make refcnt of the tree = 0 and the
ocfs2_refcount_tree_put will eventually call ocfs2_mark_lockres_freeing,
setting OCFS2_LOCK_FREEING for the refcount_tree->rf_lockres.
The error returned by ocfs2_read_refcount_block is propagated all the
way back and for next iteration of write, ocfs2_lock_refcount_tree gets
the same tree back from ocfs2_get_refcount_tree because we havent
deleted the tree. Now we have the same tree, but OCFS2_LOCK_FREEING is
set for rf_lockres and eventually, when _ocfs2_lock_refcount_tree is
called in this iteration, BUG_ON( __ocfs2_cluster_lock:1395 ERROR:
Cluster lock called on freeing lockres T00000000000000000386019775b08d!
flags 0x81) is triggerred.
Call stack:
(loop16,11155,0):ocfs2_lock_refcount_tree:482 ERROR: status = -5
(loop16,11155,0):ocfs2_refcount_cow_hunk:3497 ERROR: status = -5
(loop16,11155,0):ocfs2_refcount_cow:3560 ERROR: status = -5
(loop16,11155,0):ocfs2_prepare_inode_for_refcount:2111 ERROR: status = -5
(loop16,11155,0):ocfs2_prepare_inode_for_write:2190 ERROR: status = -5
(loop16,11155,0):ocfs2_file_write_iter:2331 ERROR: status = -5
(loop16,11155,0):__ocfs2_cluster_lock:1395 ERROR: bug expression:
lockres->l_flags & OCFS2_LOCK_FREEING
(loop16,11155,0):__ocfs2_cluster_lock:1395 ERROR: Cluster lock called on
freeing lockres T00000000000000000386019775b08d! flags 0x81
kernel BUG at fs/ocfs2/dlmglue.c:1395!
invalid opcode: 0000 [#1] SMP CPU 0
Modules linked in: tun ocfs2 jbd2 xen_blkback xen_netback xen_gntdev .. sd_mod crc_t10dif ext3 jbd mbcache
RIP: __ocfs2_cluster_lock+0x31c/0x740 [ocfs2]
RSP: e02b:ffff88017c0138a0 EFLAGS: 00010086
Process loop16 (pid: 11155, threadinfo ffff88017c010000, task ffff8801b5374300)
Call Trace:
ocfs2_refcount_lock+0xae/0x130 [ocfs2]
__ocfs2_lock_refcount_tree+0x29/0xe0 [ocfs2]
ocfs2_lock_refcount_tree+0xdd/0x320 [ocfs2]
ocfs2_refcount_cow_hunk+0x1cb/0x440 [ocfs2]
ocfs2_refcount_cow+0xa9/0x1d0 [ocfs2]
ocfs2_prepare_inode_for_refcount+0x115/0x200 [ocfs2]
ocfs2_prepare_inode_for_write+0x33b/0x470 [ocfs2]
ocfs2_file_write_iter+0x220/0x8c0 [ocfs2]
aio_write_iter+0x2e/0x30
Fix this by avoiding the second call to ocfs2_refcount_tree_put()
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1473984404-32011-1-git-send-email-ashish.samant@oracle.com
Signed-off-by: Ashish Samant <ashish.samant@oracle.com>
Reviewed-by: Eric Ren <zren@suse.com>
Cc: Mark Fasheh <mfasheh@versity.com>
Cc: Joel Becker <jlbec@evilplan.org>
Cc: Junxiao Bi <junxiao.bi@oracle.com>
Cc: Joseph Qi <jiangqi903@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
'page' parameter in ocfs2_write_end_nolock() is never used.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/582FD91A.5000902@huawei.com
Signed-off-by: Jun Piao <piaojun@huawei.com>
Reviewed-by: Joseph Qi <jiangqi903@gmail.com>
Cc: Mark Fasheh <mfasheh@versity.com>
Cc: Joel Becker <jlbec@evilplan.org>
Cc: Junxiao Bi <junxiao.bi@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
When 'dispatch_assert' is set, 'response' must be DLM_MASTER_RESP_YES,
and 'res' won't be null, so execution can't reach these two branch.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/58174C91.3040004@huawei.com
Signed-off-by: Jun Piao <piaojun@huawei.com>
Reviewed-by: Joseph Qi Joseph Qi <jiangqi903@gmail.com>
Cc: Mark Fasheh <mfasheh@versity.com>
Cc: Joel Becker <jlbec@evilplan.org>
Cc: Junxiao Bi <junxiao.bi@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The variable `set_maybe' is redundant when the mle has been found in the
map. So it is ok to set the node_idx into mle's maybe_map directly.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/71604351584F6A4EBAE558C676F37CA4A3D490DD@H3CMLB12-EX.srv.huawei-3com.com
Signed-off-by: Guozhonghua <guozhonghua@h3c.com>
Reviewed-by: Mark Fasheh <mfasheh@versity.com>
Reviewed-by: Joseph Qi <jiangqi903@gmail.com>
Cc: Joel Becker <jlbec@evilplan.org>
Cc: Junxiao Bi <junxiao.bi@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The value of 'stage' must be between 1 and 2, so the switch can't reach
the default case.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/57FB5EB2.7050002@huawei.com
Signed-off-by: Jun Piao <piaojun@huawei.com>
Cc: Mark Fasheh <mfasheh@versity.com>
Cc: Joel Becker <jlbec@evilplan.org>
Cc: Junxiao Bi <junxiao.bi@oracle.com>
Cc: Joseph Qi <jiangqi903@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
If request_irq() fails it passes the error to the caller. The caller
now checks it and jumps to the common error path on failure.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1474237304-897-3-git-send-email-sudipm.mukherjee@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Sudip Mukherjee <sudip.mukherjee@codethink.co.uk>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
While building m32r allmodconfig we were getting warning:
drivers/pcmcia/m32r_pcc.c:331:2: warning: ignoring return value of 'request_irq', declared with attribute warn_unused_result
request_irq() can fail and we should always be checking the result from
it. Check the result and return it to the caller.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1474237304-897-1-git-send-email-sudipm.mukherjee@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Sudip Mukherjee <sudip.mukherjee@codethink.co.uk>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
While building m32r defconfig we got warnings:
arch/m32r/platforms/m32700ut/setup.c:249:24: warning: 'm32700ut_lcdpld_irq_type' defined but not used [-Wunused-variable]
m32700ut_lcdpld_irq_type is only used when CONFIG_USB is enabled.
Modify the code to declare the related variables and functions only when
CONFIG_USB is enabled.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1479244406-7507-1-git-send-email-sudipm.mukherjee@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Sudip Mukherjee <sudip.mukherjee@codethink.co.uk>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Some builds of m32r were failing as it tried to build few drivers which
needed dma but m32r is not having dma support. Objections were raised
when it was tried to make those drivers depend on HAS_DMA. So the next
best thing is to add dma support to m32r. dma_noop is a very simple dma
with 1:1 memory mapping.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1475949198-31623-1-git-send-email-sudipm.mukherjee@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Sudip Mukherjee <sudip.mukherjee@codethink.co.uk>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
When SUBARCH is "omap1" or "omap2", plat-omap/ directory must be
indexed. Handle this special case properly.
While at it, check if mach- directory exists at all.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20161202122148.15001-1-joe.skb7@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Sam Protsenko <semen.protsenko@linaro.org>
Cc: Michal Marek <mmarek@suse.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Every often used regex is better be compiled in Python.
Speedup is about ~9.8% (whee!)
$ perf stat -r 16 taskset -c 15 ./scripts/bloat-o-meter ../vmlinux-000 ../obj/vmlinux >/dev/null
7.091202853 seconds time elapsed ( +- 0.15% )
+re.compile
6.397564973 seconds time elapsed ( +- 0.34% )
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20161119004417.GB1200@avx2
Signed-off-by: Alexey Dobriyan <adobriyan@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
readlines() conses whole list before doing anything which is slower for
big object files. Use per line iterator.
Speed up is ~2% on "allyesconfig" type of kernel.
$ perf stat -r 16 taskset -c 15 ./scripts/bloat-o-meter ../vmlinux-000 ../obj/vmlinux >/dev/null
...
Before: 7.247708646 seconds time elapsed ( +- 0.28% )
After: 7.091202853 seconds time elapsed ( +- 0.15% )
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20161119004143.GA1200@avx2
Signed-off-by: Alexey Dobriyan <adobriyan@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
This limitation came with the reason to remove "another way for
malicious code to obscure a compromised program and masquerade as a
benign process" by allowing "security-concious program can use this
prctl once during its early initialization to ensure the prctl cannot
later be abused for this purpose":
http://marc.info/?l=linux-kernel&m=133160684517468&w=2
This explanation doesn't look sufficient. The only thing "exe" link is
indicating is the file, used to execve, which is basically nothing and
not reliable immediately after process has returned from execve system
call.
Moreover, to use this feture, all the mappings to previous exe file have
to be unmapped and all the new exe file permissions must be satisfied.
Which means, that changing exe link is very similar to calling execve on
the binary.
The need to remove this limitations comes from migration of NFS mount
point, which is not accessible during restore and replaced by other file
system. Because of this exe link has to be changed twice.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix up comment]
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20160927153755.9337.69650.stgit@localhost.localdomain
Signed-off-by: Stanislav Kinsburskiy <skinsbursky@virtuozzo.com>
Acked-by: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Cyrill Gorcunov <gorcunov@openvz.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Cc: Andy Lutomirski <luto@amacapital.net>
Cc: John Stultz <john.stultz@linaro.org>
Cc: Matt Helsley <matthltc@us.ibm.com>
Cc: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@virtuozzo.com>
Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Eric W. Biederman <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
When commit fbae2d44aa ("kthread: add kthread_create_worker*()")
introduced some kthread_create_...() functions which were taking
printf-like parametter, it introduced __printf attributes to some
functions (e.g. kthread_create_worker()). Nevertheless some new
functions were forgotten (they have been detected thanks to
-Wmissing-format-attribute warning flag).
Add the missing __printf attributes to the newly-introduced functions in
order to detect formatting issues at build-time with -Wformat flag.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20161126193543.22672-1-nicolas.iooss_linux@m4x.org
Signed-off-by: Nicolas Iooss <nicolas.iooss_linux@m4x.org>
Reviewed-by: Petr Mladek <pmladek@suse.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Pull x86 RAS updates from Ingo Molnar:
"The main changes in this development cycle were:
- more AMD northbridge support work, mostly in preparation for Fam17h
CPUs (Yazen Ghannam, Borislav Petkov)
- cleanups/refactorings and fixes (Borislav Petkov, Tony Luck,
Yinghai Lu)"
* 'ras-core-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip:
x86/mce: Include the PPIN in MCE records when available
x86/mce/AMD: Add system physical address translation for AMD Fam17h
x86/amd_nb: Add SMN and Indirect Data Fabric access for AMD Fam17h
x86/amd_nb: Add Fam17h Data Fabric as "Northbridge"
x86/amd_nb: Make all exports EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL
x86/amd_nb: Make amd_northbridges internal to amd_nb.c
x86/mce/AMD: Reset Threshold Limit after logging error
x86/mce/AMD: Fix HWID_MCATYPE calculation by grouping arguments
x86/MCE: Correct TSC timestamping of error records
x86/RAS: Hide SMCA bank names
x86/RAS: Rename smca_bank_names to smca_names
x86/RAS: Simplify SMCA HWID descriptor struct
x86/RAS: Simplify SMCA bank descriptor struct
x86/MCE: Dump MCE to dmesg if no consumers
x86/RAS: Add TSC timestamp to the injected MCE
x86/MCE: Do not look at panic_on_oops in the severity grading
Pull hotplug API fix from Ingo Molnar:
"Late breaking fix from the v4.9 cycle: fix a hotplug register/
unregister notifier API asymmetry bug that can cause kernel warnings
(and worse) with certain Kconfig combinations"
* 'smp-urgent-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip:
hotplug: Make register and unregister notifier API symmetric
Pull scheduler updates from Ingo Molnar:
"The main scheduler changes in this cycle were:
- support Intel Turbo Boost Max Technology 3.0 (TBM3) by introducig a
notion of 'better cores', which the scheduler will prefer to
schedule single threaded workloads on. (Tim Chen, Srinivas
Pandruvada)
- enhance the handling of asymmetric capacity CPUs further (Morten
Rasmussen)
- improve/fix load handling when moving tasks between task groups
(Vincent Guittot)
- simplify and clean up the cputime code (Stanislaw Gruszka)
- improve mass fork()ed task spread a.k.a. hackbench speedup (Vincent
Guittot)
- make struct kthread kmalloc()ed and related fixes (Oleg Nesterov)
- add uaccess atomicity debugging (when using access_ok() in the
wrong context), under CONFIG_DEBUG_ATOMIC_SLEEP=y (Peter Zijlstra)
- implement various fixes, cleanups and other enhancements (Daniel
Bristot de Oliveira, Martin Schwidefsky, Rafael J. Wysocki)"
* 'sched-core-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip: (41 commits)
sched/core: Use load_avg for selecting idlest group
sched/core: Fix find_idlest_group() for fork
kthread: Don't abuse kthread_create_on_cpu() in __kthread_create_worker()
kthread: Don't use to_live_kthread() in kthread_[un]park()
kthread: Don't use to_live_kthread() in kthread_stop()
Revert "kthread: Pin the stack via try_get_task_stack()/put_task_stack() in to_live_kthread() function"
kthread: Make struct kthread kmalloc'ed
x86/uaccess, sched/preempt: Verify access_ok() context
sched/x86: Make CONFIG_SCHED_MC_PRIO=y easier to enable
sched/x86: Change CONFIG_SCHED_ITMT to CONFIG_SCHED_MC_PRIO
x86/sched: Use #include <linux/mutex.h> instead of #include <asm/mutex.h>
cpufreq/intel_pstate: Use CPPC to get max performance
acpi/bus: Set _OSC for diverse core support
acpi/bus: Enable HWP CPPC objects
x86/sched: Add SD_ASYM_PACKING flags to x86 ITMT CPU
x86/sysctl: Add sysctl for ITMT scheduling feature
x86: Enable Intel Turbo Boost Max Technology 3.0
x86/topology: Define x86's arch_update_cpu_topology
sched: Extend scheduler's asym packing
sched/fair: Clean up the tunable parameter definitions
...
Pull perf updates from Ingo Molnar:
"This update is pretty big and almost exclusively includes tooling
changes, because v4.9's LTS status forced to completion most of the
pending kernel side hardware enablement work and because we tried to
freeze core perf work a bit to give a time window for the fuzzing
efforts.
The diff is large mostly due to the JSON hardware event tables added
for Intel and Power8 CPUs. This was a popular feature request from
people working close to hardware and from the HPC community.
Tree size is big because this added the CPU event tables for over a
decade of Intel CPUs. Future changes for a CPU vendor alrady support
should be much smaller, as events for new models are added. The new
events are listed in 'perf list', for the CPU model the tool is
running on. If you find an interesting event it can be used as-is:
$ perf stat -a -e l2_lines_out.pf_clean sleep 1
Performance counter stats for 'system wide':
7,860,403 l2_lines_out.pf_clean
1.000624918 seconds time elapsed
The event lists can be searched the usual 'perf list' fashion for
(case insensitive) substrings as well:
$ perf list l2_lines_out
List of pre-defined events (to be used in -e):
cache:
l2_lines_out.demand_clean
[Clean L2 cache lines evicted by demand]
l2_lines_out.demand_dirty
[Dirty L2 cache lines evicted by demand]
l2_lines_out.dirty_all
[Dirty L2 cache lines filling the L2]
l2_lines_out.pf_clean
[Clean L2 cache lines evicted by L2 prefetch]
l2_lines_out.pf_dirty
[Dirty L2 cache lines evicted by L2 prefetch]
etc.
There's a few high level categories as well that can be listed:
'cache', 'floating point', 'frontend', 'memory', 'pipeline', 'virtual
memory'.
Existing generic events and workflows should work as-is.
The only kernel side change is a late breaking fix for an older
regression, related to Intel BTS, LBR and PT feature interaction.
On the tooling side there are three new tools / major features:
- The new 'perf c2c' tool provides means for Shared Data C2C/HITM
analysis.
This allows you to track down cacheline contention. The tool is
based on x86's load latency and precise store facility events
provided by Intel CPUs.
It was tested by Joe Mario and has proven to be useful, finding
some cacheline contentions. Joe also wrote a blog about c2c tool
with examples:
https://joemario.github.io/blog/2016/09/01/c2c-blog/
excerpt of the content on this site:
At a high level, “perf c2c” will show you:
* The cachelines where false sharing was detected.
* The readers and writers to those cachelines, and the offsets where those accesses occurred.
* The pid, tid, instruction addr, function name, binary object name for those readers and writers.
* The source file and line number for each reader and writer.
* The average load latency for the loads to those cachelines.
* Which numa nodes the samples a cacheline came from and which CPUs were involved.
Using perf c2c is similar to using the Linux perf tool today.
First collect data with “perf c2c record”, then generate a
report output with “perf c2c report”
There one finds extensive details on using the tool, with tips on
reducing the volume of samples while still capturing enough to do
its job. (Dick Fowles, Joe Mario, Don Zickus, Jiri Olsa)
- The new 'perf sched timehist' tool provides tailored analysis of
scheduling events.
Example usage:
perf sched record -- sleep 1
perf sched timehist
By default it shows the individual schedule events, including the
wait time (time between sched-out and next sched-in events for the
task), the task scheduling delay (time between wakeup and actually
running) and run time for the task:
time cpu task name wait time sch delay run time
[tid/pid] (msec) (msec) (msec)
-------- ------ ---------------- --------- --------- --------
1.874569 [0011] gcc[31949] 0.014 0.000 1.148
1.874591 [0010] gcc[31951] 0.000 0.000 0.024
1.874603 [0010] migration/10[59] 3.350 0.004 0.011
1.874604 [0011] <idle> 1.148 0.000 0.035
1.874723 [0005] <idle> 0.016 0.000 1.383
1.874746 [0005] gcc[31949] 0.153 0.078 0.022
...
Times are in msec.usec. (David Ahern, Namhyung Kim)
- Add CPU vendor hardware event tables:
Add JSON files with vendor event naming for Intel and Power8
processors, allowing users of tools like oprofile to keep using the
event names they are used to, as well as people reading vendor
documentation, where such naming is used. (Andi Kleen, Sukadev
Bhattiprolu)
You should see all the new events with 'perf list' and you should
be able to search them, for example 'perf list miss' will list all
the myriads of miss events.
Other tooling features added were:
- Cross-arch annotation support:
o Improve ARM support in the annotation code, affecting 'perf
annotate', 'perf report' and live annotation in 'perf top' (Kim
Phillips)
o Initial support for PowerPC in the annotation code (Ravi
Bangoria)
o Support AArch64 in the 'annotate' code, native/local and
cross-arch/remote (Kim Phillips)
- Allow considering just events in a given time interval, via the
'--time start.s.ms,end.s.ms' command line, added to 'perf kmem',
'perf report', 'perf sched timehist' and 'perf script' (David
Ahern)
- Add option to stop printing a callchain at one of a given group of
symbol names (David Ahern)
- Track memory freed in 'perf kmem stat' (David Ahern)
- Allow querying and setting .perfconfig variables (Taeung Song)
- Show branch information in callchains (predicted, TSX aborts, loop
iteractions, etc) (Jin Yao)
- Dynamicly change verbosity level by pressing 'V' in the 'perf
top/report' hists TUI browser (Alexis Berlemont)
- Implement 'perf trace --delay' in the same fashion as in 'perf
record --delay', to skip sampling workload initialization events
(Alexis Berlemont)
- Make vendor named events case insensitive in 'perf list', i.e.
'perf list LONGEST_LAT' works just the same as 'perf list
longest_lat' (Andi Kleen)
- Add unwinding support for jitdump (Stefano Sanfilippo)
Tooling infrastructure changes:
- Support linking perf with clang and LLVM libraries, initially
statically, but this limitation will be lifted and shared
libraries, when available, will be preferred to the static build,
that should, as with other features, be enabled explicitly (Wang
Nan)
- Add initial support (and perf test entry) for tooling hooks,
starting with 'record_start' and 'record_end', that will have as
its initial user the eBPF infrastructure, where perf_ prefixed
functions will be JITed and run when such hooks are called (Wang
Nan)
- Implement assorted libbpf improvements (Wang Nan)"
... and lots of other changes, features, cleanups and refactorings I
did not list, see the shortlog and the git log for details"
* 'perf-core-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip: (220 commits)
perf/x86: Fix exclusion of BTS and LBR for Goldmont
perf tools: Explicitly document that --children is enabled by default
perf sched timehist: Cleanup idle_max_cpu handling
perf sched timehist: Handle zero sample->tid properly
perf callchain: Introduce callchain_cursor__copy()
perf sched: Cleanup option processing
perf sched timehist: Improve error message when analyzing wrong file
perf tools: Move perf build related variables under non fixdep leg
perf tools: Force fixdep compilation at the start of the build
perf tools: Move PERF-VERSION-FILE target into rules area
perf build: Check LLVM version in feature check
perf annotate: Show raw form for jump instruction with indirect target
perf tools: Add non config targets
perf tools: Cleanup build directory before each test
perf tools: Move python/perf.so target into rules area
perf tools: Move install-gtk target into rules area
tools build: Move tabs to spaces where suitable
tools build: Make the .cmd file more readable
perf clang: Compile BPF script using builtin clang support
perf clang: Support compile IR to BPF object and add testcase
...
Pull mm/PAT cleanup from Ingo Molnar:
"A single cleanup for a generic interface that was originally
introduced for PAT"
* 'mm-pat-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip:
x86/pat, mm: Make track_pfn_insert() return void
Pull locking updates from Ingo Molnar:
"The tree got pretty big in this development cycle, but the net effect
is pretty good:
115 files changed, 673 insertions(+), 1522 deletions(-)
The main changes were:
- Rework and generalize the mutex code to remove per arch mutex
primitives. (Peter Zijlstra)
- Add vCPU preemption support: add an interface to query the
preemption status of vCPUs and use it in locking primitives - this
optimizes paravirt performance. (Pan Xinhui, Juergen Gross,
Christian Borntraeger)
- Introduce cpu_relax_yield() and remov cpu_relax_lowlatency() to
clean up and improve the s390 lock yielding machinery and its core
kernel impact. (Christian Borntraeger)
- Micro-optimize mutexes some more. (Waiman Long)
- Reluctantly add the to-be-deprecated mutex_trylock_recursive()
interface on a temporary basis, to give the DRM code more time to
get rid of its locking hacks. Any other users will be NAK-ed on
sight. (We turned off the deprecation warning for the time being to
not pollute the build log.) (Peter Zijlstra)
- Improve the rtmutex code a bit, in light of recent long lived
bugs/races. (Thomas Gleixner)
- Misc fixes, cleanups"
* 'locking-core-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip: (36 commits)
x86/paravirt: Fix bool return type for PVOP_CALL()
x86/paravirt: Fix native_patch()
locking/ww_mutex: Use relaxed atomics
locking/rtmutex: Explain locking rules for rt_mutex_proxy_unlock()/init_proxy_locked()
locking/rtmutex: Get rid of RT_MUTEX_OWNER_MASKALL
x86/paravirt: Optimize native pv_lock_ops.vcpu_is_preempted()
locking/mutex: Break out of expensive busy-loop on {mutex,rwsem}_spin_on_owner() when owner vCPU is preempted
locking/osq: Break out of spin-wait busy waiting loop for a preempted vCPU in osq_lock()
Documentation/virtual/kvm: Support the vCPU preemption check
x86/xen: Support the vCPU preemption check
x86/kvm: Support the vCPU preemption check
x86/kvm: Support the vCPU preemption check
kvm: Introduce kvm_write_guest_offset_cached()
locking/core, x86/paravirt: Implement vcpu_is_preempted(cpu) for KVM and Xen guests
locking/spinlocks, s390: Implement vcpu_is_preempted(cpu)
locking/core, powerpc: Implement vcpu_is_preempted(cpu)
sched/core: Introduce the vcpu_is_preempted(cpu) interface
sched/wake_q: Rename WAKE_Q to DEFINE_WAKE_Q
locking/core: Provide common cpu_relax_yield() definition
locking/mutex: Don't mark mutex_trylock_recursive() as deprecated, temporarily
...
Pull EFI updates from Ingo Molnar:
"The main changes in this development cycle were:
- Implement EFI dev path parser and other changes to fully support
thunderbolt devices on Apple Macbooks (Lukas Wunner)
- Add RNG seeding via the EFI stub, on ARM/arm64 (Ard Biesheuvel)
- Expose EFI framebuffer configuration to user-space, to improve
tooling (Peter Jones)
- Misc fixes and cleanups (Ivan Hu, Wei Yongjun, Yisheng Xie, Dan
Carpenter, Roy Franz)"
* 'efi-core-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip:
efi/libstub: Make efi_random_alloc() allocate below 4 GB on 32-bit
thunderbolt: Compile on x86 only
thunderbolt, efi: Fix Kconfig dependencies harder
thunderbolt, efi: Fix Kconfig dependencies
thunderbolt: Use Device ROM retrieved from EFI
x86/efi: Retrieve and assign Apple device properties
efi: Allow bitness-agnostic protocol calls
efi: Add device path parser
efi/arm*/libstub: Invoke EFI_RNG_PROTOCOL to seed the UEFI RNG table
efi/libstub: Add random.c to ARM build
efi: Add support for seeding the RNG from a UEFI config table
MAINTAINERS: Add ARM and arm64 EFI specific files to EFI subsystem
efi/libstub: Fix allocation size calculations
efi/efivar_ssdt_load: Don't return success on allocation failure
efifb: Show framebuffer layout as device attributes
efi/efi_test: Use memdup_user() as a cleanup
efi/efi_test: Fix uninitialized variable 'rv'
efi/efi_test: Fix uninitialized variable 'datasize'
efi/arm*: Fix efi_init() error handling
efi: Remove unused include of <linux/version.h>
Pull SMP bootup updates from Ingo Molnar:
"Three changes to unify/standardize some of the bootup message printing
in kernel/smp.c between architectures"
* 'core-smp-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip:
kernel/smp: Tell the user we're bringing up secondary CPUs
kernel/smp: Make the SMP boot message common on all arches
kernel/smp: Define pr_fmt() for smp.c
Pull RCU updates from Ingo Molnar:
"The main RCU changes in this development cycle were:
- Miscellaneous fixes, including a change to call_rcu()'s rcu_head
alignment check.
- Security-motivated list consistency checks, which are disabled by
default behind DEBUG_LIST.
- Torture-test updates.
- Documentation updates, yet again just simple changes"
* 'core-rcu-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip:
torture: Prevent jitter from delaying build-only runs
torture: Remove obsolete files from rcutorture .gitignore
rcu: Don't kick unless grace period or request
rcu: Make expedited grace periods recheck dyntick idle state
torture: Trace long read-side delays
rcu: RCU_TRACE enables event tracing as well as debugfs
rcu: Remove obsolete comment from __call_rcu()
rcu: Remove obsolete rcu_check_callbacks() header comment
rcu: Tighten up __call_rcu() rcu_head alignment check
Documentation/RCU: Fix minor typo
documentation: Present updated RCU guarantee
bug: Avoid Kconfig warning for BUG_ON_DATA_CORRUPTION
lib/Kconfig.debug: Fix typo in select statement
lkdtm: Add tests for struct list corruption
bug: Provide toggle for BUG on data corruption
list: Split list_del() debug checking into separate function
rculist: Consolidate DEBUG_LIST for list_add_rcu()
list: Split list_add() debug checking into separate function
Guenter Roeck (1):
cris: Only build flash rescue image if CONFIG_ETRAX_AXISFLASHMAP is selected
Paul Bolle (1):
cris: No need to append -O2 and $(LINUXINCLUDE)
Paul Gortmaker (1):
tty: serial: make crisv10 explicitly non-modular
arch/cris/boot/compressed/Makefile | 3 ---
arch/cris/boot/rescue/Makefile | 9 +++++++--
drivers/tty/serial/crisv10.c | 6 ++----
3 files changed, 9 insertions(+), 9 deletions(-)
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Merge tag 'cris-for-4.10' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/jesper/cris
Pull CRIS updates from Jesper Nilsson:
"Three patches for minor issues"
* tag 'cris-for-4.10' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/jesper/cris:
cris: No need to append -O2 and $(LINUXINCLUDE)
tty: serial: make crisv10 explicitly non-modular
cris: Only build flash rescue image if CONFIG_ETRAX_AXISFLASHMAP is selected
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Merge tag 'openrisc-for-linus' of git://github.com/openrisc/linux
Pull Openrisc updates from Stafford Horne:
- changes to MAINTAINER for openrisc
- probably biggest actual change is the move to memblock from bootmem
- ... plus several bug and build fixes
* tag 'openrisc-for-linus' of git://github.com/openrisc/linux:
openrisc: prevent VGA console, fix builds
openrisc: include l.swa in check for write data pagefault
openrisc: Updates after openrisc.net has been lost
openrisc: Consolidate setup to use memblock instead of bootmem
openrisc: remove the redundant of_platform_populate
openrisc: add NR_CPUS Kconfig default value
openrisc: Support both old (or32) and new (or1k) toolchain
openrisc: Add thread-local storage (TLS) support
openrisc: restore all regs on rt_sigreturn
openrisc: fix PTRS_PER_PGD define
- Use seq_puts() for fixed strings.
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Merge tag 'm68k-for-v4.10-tag1' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/geert/linux-m68k
Pull m68k updates from Geert Uytterhoeven:
"Use seq_puts() for fixed strings"
* tag 'm68k-for-v4.10-tag1' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/geert/linux-m68k:
m68k/atari: Use seq_puts() in atari_get_hardware_list()
m68k/amiga: Use seq_puts() in amiga_get_hardware_list()
Pull AVR32 updates from Hans-Christian Noren Egtvedt.
* 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/egtvedt/linux-avr32:
avr32: wire up pkey syscalls
AVR32-pio: Replace two seq_printf() calls by seq_puts() in pio_bank_show()
AVR32-pio: Use seq_putc() in pio_bank_show()
AVR32-clock: Combine nine seq_printf() calls into one call in clk_show()
AVR32-clock: Use seq_putc() in two functions
Pull m68knommu updates from Greg Ungerer:
"There are two sets of changes in this pull.
The largest is the addition of the ColdFire platform side i2c support
(the IO addressing, setup and clock definitions). The i2c hardware
module itself is driven by the kernels existing iMX i2c driver.
The other change is the addition of support for the Amcore board"
* 'for-next' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/gerg/m68knommu:
m68knommu: AMCORE board, add iMX i2c support
m68k: add Sysam AMCORE open board support
m68knommu: platform support for i2c devices on ColdFire SoC
Pull sparc updates from David Miller:
"Just a bunch of small cleanups and fixes here, and support for user
probes from Allen Pais"
* git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/davem/sparc:
sparc: fix a building error reported by kbuild
sparc64: fix typo in pgd_clear()
sparc64: restore irq in error paths in iommu
sparc: leon: Fix a retry loop in leon_init_timers()
sparc64: make string buffers large enough
sparc64: move dereference after check for NULL
sparc: kernel: use builtin_platform_driver
sparc64:Support User Probes for sparc
Pull networking updates from David Miller:
1) Platform regulatory domain support for ath10k, from Bartosz
Markowski.
2) Centralize min/max MTU checking, thus removing tons of duplicated
code all of the the various drivers. From Jarod Wilson.
3) Support ingress actions in act_mirred, from Shmulik Ladkani.
4) Improve device adjacency tracking, from David Ahern.
5) Add support for LED triggers on PHY link state changes, from Zach
Brown.
6) Improve UDP socket memory accounting, from Paolo Abeni.
7) Set SK_MEM_QUANTUM to a fixed size of 4096, instead of PAGE_SIZE.
From Eric Dumazet.
8) Collapse TCP SKBs at retransmit time even if the right side SKB has
frags. Also from Eric Dumazet.
9) Add IP_RECVFRAGSIZE and IPV6_RECVFRAGSIZE cmsgs, from Willem de
Bruijn.
10) Support routing by UID, from Lorenzo Colitti.
11) Handle L3 domain binding (ie. VRF) for RAW sockets, from David
Ahern.
12) tcp_get_info() can run lockless, from Eric Dumazet.
13) 4-tuple UDP hashing in SFC driver, from Edward Cree.
14) Avoid reorders in GRO code, from Eric Dumazet.
15) IPV6 Segment Routing support, from David Lebrun.
16) Support MPLS push and pop for L3 packets in openvswitch, from Jiri
Benc.
17) Add LRU datastructure support for BPF, Martin KaFai Lau.
18) VF support in liquidio driver, from Raghu Vatsavayi.
19) Multiqueue support in alx driver, from Tobias Regnery.
20) Networking cgroup BPF support, from Daniel Mack.
21) TCP chronograph measurements, from Francis Yan.
22) XDP support for qed driver, from Yuval Mintz.
23) BPF based lwtunnels, from Thomas Graf.
24) Consistent FIB dumping to offloading drivers, from Ido Schimmel.
25) Many optimizations for UDP under high load, from Eric Dumazet.
* git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/davem/net-next: (1522 commits)
netfilter: nft_counter: rework atomic dump and reset
e1000: use disable_hardirq() for e1000_netpoll()
i40e: don't truncate match_method assignment
net: ethernet: ti: netcp: add support of cpts
net: phy: phy drivers should not set SUPPORTED_[Asym_]Pause
net: l2tp: ppp: change PPPOL2TP_MSG_* => L2TP_MSG_*
net: l2tp: deprecate PPPOL2TP_MSG_* in favour of L2TP_MSG_*
net: l2tp: export debug flags to UAPI
net: ethernet: stmmac: remove private tx queue lock
net: ethernet: sxgbe: remove private tx queue lock
net: bridge: shorten ageing time on topology change
net: bridge: add helper to set topology change
net: bridge: add helper to offload ageing time
net: nicvf: use new api ethtool_{get|set}_link_ksettings
net: ethernet: ti: cpsw: sync rates for channels in dual emac mode
net: ethernet: ti: cpsw: re-split res only when speed is changed
net: ethernet: ti: cpsw: combine budget and weight split and check
net: ethernet: ti: cpsw: don't start queue twice
net: ethernet: ti: cpsw: use same macros to get active slave
net: mvneta: select GENERIC_ALLOCATOR
...
OpenRISC does not support VGA console, so prevent that kconfig symbol
from being enabled for OpenRISC, thus fixing these build errors:
drivers/built-in.o: In function `vgacon_save_screen':
vgacon.c:(.text+0x20e0): undefined reference to `screen_info'
vgacon.c:(.text+0x20e8): undefined reference to `screen_info'
drivers/built-in.o: In function `vgacon_init':
vgacon.c:(.text+0x284c): undefined reference to `screen_info'
vgacon.c:(.text+0x2850): undefined reference to `screen_info'
drivers/built-in.o: In function `vgacon_startup':
vgacon.c:(.text+0x28d8): undefined reference to `screen_info'
drivers/built-in.o:vgacon.c:(.text+0x28f0): more undefined references to `screen_info' follow
Signed-off-by: Randy Dunlap <rdunlap@infradead.org>
Reported-by: kbuild test robot <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
Cc: Chen Gang <gang.chen@asianux.com>
Cc: Jonas Bonn <jonas@southpole.se>
Signed-off-by: Stafford Horne <shorne@gmail.com>
During page fault handling we check the last instruction to understand
if the fault was for a read or for a write. By default we fall back to
read. New instructions were added to the openrisc 1.1 spec for an
atomic load/store pair (l.lwa/l.swa).
This patch adds the opcode for l.swa (0x33) allowing it to be treated as
a write operation.
Signed-off-by: Stefan Kristiansson <stefan.kristiansson@saunalahti.fi>
[shorne@gmail.com: expanded a bit on the comment]
Signed-off-by: Stafford Horne <shorne@gmail.com>
The openrisc.net domain expired and was taken over by squatters.
These updates point documentation to the new domain, mailing lists
and git repos.
Also, Jonas is not the main maintainer anylonger, he reviews changes
but does not maintain a repo or sent pull requests. Updating this to
add Stafford and Stefan who are the active maintainers.
Acked-by: Olof Kindgren <olof.kindgren@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Stafford Horne <shorne@gmail.com>
Clearing out one todo item. Use the memblock boot time memory
which is the current standard.
Tested-by: Guenter Roeck <linux@roeck-us.net>
Acked-by: Jonas <jonas@southpole.se>
Signed-off-by: Stafford Horne <shorne@gmail.com>
The of_platform_populate call in the openrisc arch code is now redundant
as the DT core provides a default call. Openrisc has a NULL match table
which means only top level nodes with compatible strings will have
devices creates. The default version will also descend nodes in the
match table such as "simple-bus" which should be fine as openrisc
doesn't have any of these (though it is preferred that memory-mapped
peripherals be grouped under a bus node(s)).
Signed-off-by: Rob Herring <robh@kernel.org>
Cc: Jonas Bonn <jonas@southpole.se>
Tested-by: Guenter Roeck <linux@roeck-us.net>
Signed-off-by: Stafford Horne <shorne@gmail.com>
The build system now expects that NR_CPUS is defined.
Follow 4cbbbb4 ("microblaze: Fix missing NR_CPUS in menuconfig")
Signed-off-by: Stafford Horne <shorne@gmail.com>
The output file format for or1k has changed from "elf32-or32"
to "elf32-or1k". Select the correct output format automatically
to be able to compile the kernel with both toolchain variants.
Signed-off-by: Guenter Roeck <linux@roeck-us.net>
Tested-by: Guenter Roeck <linux@roeck-us.net>
Signed-off-by: Stafford Horne <shorne@gmail.com>
Historically OpenRISC GCC has reserved r10 which we now use to hold
the thread pointer for thread-local storage (TLS).
Signed-off-by: Christian Svensson <blue@cmd.nu>
Signed-off-by: Stefan Kristiansson <stefan.kristiansson@saunalahti.fi>
Tested-by: Guenter Roeck <linux@roeck-us.net>
Signed-off-by: Stafford Horne <shorne@gmail.com>
Fix signal handling for when signals are handled as the result of timers
or exceptions, previous code assumed syscalls. This was noticeable with X
crashing where it uses SIGALRM.
This patch restores all regs before returning to userspace via
_resume_userspace instead of via syscall return path.
The rt_sigreturn syscall is more like a context switch than a function
call; it entails a return from one context (the signal handler) to another
(the process in question). For a context switch like this there are
effectively no call-saved regs that remain constant across the transition.
Reported-by: Sebastian Macke <sebastian@macke.de>
Signed-off-by: Jonas Bonn <jonas@southpole.se>
Tested-by: Guenter Roeck <linux@roeck-us.net>
[shorne@gmail.com: Updated comment better reflect change and issue]
Signed-off-by: Stafford Horne <shorne@gmail.com>
On OpenRISC, with its 8k pages, PAGE_SHIFT is defined to be 13.
That makes the expression (1UL << (PAGE_SHIFT-2)) evaluate
to 2048.
The correct value for PTRS_PER_PGD should be 256.
Correcting the PTRS_PER_PGD define unveiled a bug in map_ram(),
where PTRS_PER_PGD was used when the intent was to iterate
over a set of page table entries.
This patch corrects that issue as well.
Signed-off-by: Stefan Kristiansson <stefan.kristiansson@saunalahti.fi>
Acked-by: Jonas Bonn <jonas@southpole.se>
Tested-by: Guenter Roeck <linux@roeck-us.net>
Signed-off-by: Stafford Horne <shorne@gmail.com>
Strings which did not contain data format specifications should be put
into a sequence. Thus use the corresponding function "seq_puts".
This issue was detected by using the Coccinelle software.
Signed-off-by: Markus Elfring <elfring@users.sourceforge.net>
A single character (line break) should be put into a sequence.
Thus use the corresponding function "seq_putc".
This issue was detected by using the Coccinelle software.
Signed-off-by: Markus Elfring <elfring@users.sourceforge.net>
Some data were printed into a sequence by nine separate function calls.
Print the same data by a single function call instead.
Signed-off-by: Markus Elfring <elfring@users.sourceforge.net>
A single character (line break) should be put into two sequences.
Thus use the corresponding function "seq_putc".
This issue was detected by using the Coccinelle software.
Signed-off-by: Markus Elfring <elfring@users.sourceforge.net>
>> arch/sparc/include/asm/topology_64.h:44:44:
error: implicit declaration of function 'cpu_data'
[-Werror=implicit-function-declaration]
#define topology_physical_package_id(cpu) (cpu_data(cpu).proc_id)
^
Let's include cpudata.h in topology_64.h.
Cc: Sam Ravnborg <sam@ravnborg.org>
Cc: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Cc: sparclinux@vger.kernel.org
Suggested-by: Sam Ravnborg <sam@ravnborg.org>
Signed-off-by: Gonglei <arei.gonglei@huawei.com>
Acked-by: Sam Ravnborg <sam@ravnborg.org>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
