bpf: Add a bpf_snprintf helper

The implementation takes inspiration from the existing bpf_trace_printk
helper but there are a few differences:

To allow for a large number of format-specifiers, parameters are
provided in an array, like in bpf_seq_printf.

Because the output string takes two arguments and the array of
parameters also takes two arguments, the format string needs to fit in
one argument. Thankfully, ARG_PTR_TO_CONST_STR is guaranteed to point to
a zero-terminated read-only map so we don't need a format string length
arg.

Because the format-string is known at verification time, we also do
a first pass of format string validation in the verifier logic. This
makes debugging easier.

Signed-off-by: Florent Revest <revest@chromium.org>
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Andrii Nakryiko <andrii@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20210419155243.1632274-4-revest@chromium.org

tools/include/uapi/linux/bpf.h

@@ -4708,6 +4708,33 @@ union bpf_attr {
  *	Return
  *		The number of traversed map elements for success, **-EINVAL** for
  *		invalid **flags**.
+ *
+ * long bpf_snprintf(char *str, u32 str_size, const char *fmt, u64 *data, u32 data_len)
+ *	Description
+ *		Outputs a string into the **str** buffer of size **str_size**
+ *		based on a format string stored in a read-only map pointed by
+ *		**fmt**.
+ *
+ *		Each format specifier in **fmt** corresponds to one u64 element
+ *		in the **data** array. For strings and pointers where pointees
+ *		are accessed, only the pointer values are stored in the *data*
+ *		array. The *data_len* is the size of *data* in bytes.
+ *
+ *		Formats **%s** and **%p{i,I}{4,6}** require to read kernel
+ *		memory. Reading kernel memory may fail due to either invalid
+ *		address or valid address but requiring a major memory fault. If
+ *		reading kernel memory fails, the string for **%s** will be an
+ *		empty string, and the ip address for **%p{i,I}{4,6}** will be 0.
+ *		Not returning error to bpf program is consistent with what
+ *		**bpf_trace_printk**\ () does for now.
+ *
+ *	Return
+ *		The strictly positive length of the formatted string, including
+ *		the trailing zero character. If the return value is greater than
+ *		**str_size**, **str** contains a truncated string, guaranteed to
+ *		be zero-terminated except when **str_size** is 0.
+ *
+ *		Or **-EBUSY** if the per-CPU memory copy buffer is busy.
  */
 #define __BPF_FUNC_MAPPER(FN)		\
 	FN(unspec),			\
@@ -4875,6 +4902,7 @@ union bpf_attr {
 	FN(sock_from_file),		\
 	FN(check_mtu),			\
 	FN(for_each_map_elem),		\
+	FN(snprintf),			\
 	/* */
 
 /* integer value in 'imm' field of BPF_CALL instruction selects which helper