diff --git a/block/blk-mq-debugfs.h b/block/blk-mq-debugfs.h
index a68aa6041a10..69918f4170d6 100644
--- a/block/blk-mq-debugfs.h
+++ b/block/blk-mq-debugfs.h
@@ -6,6 +6,8 @@
 
 #include <linux/seq_file.h>
 
+struct blk_mq_hw_ctx;
+
 struct blk_mq_debugfs_attr {
 	const char *name;
 	umode_t mode;
diff --git a/block/blk-mq-tag.c b/block/blk-mq-tag.c
index 1850a4225e12..68ac23d0b640 100644
--- a/block/blk-mq-tag.c
+++ b/block/blk-mq-tag.c
@@ -498,7 +498,7 @@ void blk_mq_queue_tag_busy_iter(struct request_queue *q, busy_tag_iter_fn *fn,
 		void *priv)
 {
 	/*
-	 * __blk_mq_update_nr_hw_queues() updates nr_hw_queues and queue_hw_ctx
+	 * __blk_mq_update_nr_hw_queues() updates nr_hw_queues and hctx_table
 	 * while the queue is frozen. So we can use q_usage_counter to avoid
 	 * racing with it.
 	 */
diff --git a/block/blk-mq.c b/block/blk-mq.c
index bffdd71c670d..e8d6d7a05a43 100644
--- a/block/blk-mq.c
+++ b/block/blk-mq.c
@@ -71,7 +71,8 @@ static int blk_mq_poll_stats_bkt(const struct request *rq)
 static inline struct blk_mq_hw_ctx *blk_qc_to_hctx(struct request_queue *q,
 		blk_qc_t qc)
 {
-	return q->queue_hw_ctx[(qc & ~BLK_QC_T_INTERNAL) >> BLK_QC_T_SHIFT];
+	return xa_load(&q->hctx_table,
+			(qc & ~BLK_QC_T_INTERNAL) >> BLK_QC_T_SHIFT);
 }
 
 static inline struct request *blk_qc_to_rq(struct blk_mq_hw_ctx *hctx,
@@ -573,7 +574,7 @@ struct request *blk_mq_alloc_request_hctx(struct request_queue *q,
 	 * If not tell the caller that it should skip this queue.
 	 */
 	ret = -EXDEV;
-	data.hctx = q->queue_hw_ctx[hctx_idx];
+	data.hctx = xa_load(&q->hctx_table, hctx_idx);
 	if (!blk_mq_hw_queue_mapped(data.hctx))
 		goto out_queue_exit;
 	cpu = cpumask_first_and(data.hctx->cpumask, cpu_online_mask);
@@ -3437,6 +3438,8 @@ static void blk_mq_exit_hctx(struct request_queue *q,
 
 	blk_mq_remove_cpuhp(hctx);
 
+	xa_erase(&q->hctx_table, hctx_idx);
+
 	spin_lock(&q->unused_hctx_lock);
 	list_add(&hctx->hctx_list, &q->unused_hctx_list);
 	spin_unlock(&q->unused_hctx_lock);
@@ -3476,8 +3479,15 @@ static int blk_mq_init_hctx(struct request_queue *q,
 	if (blk_mq_init_request(set, hctx->fq->flush_rq, hctx_idx,
 				hctx->numa_node))
 		goto exit_hctx;
+
+	if (xa_insert(&q->hctx_table, hctx_idx, hctx, GFP_KERNEL))
+		goto exit_flush_rq;
+
 	return 0;
 
+ exit_flush_rq:
+	if (set->ops->exit_request)
+		set->ops->exit_request(set, hctx->fq->flush_rq, hctx_idx);
  exit_hctx:
 	if (set->ops->exit_hctx)
 		set->ops->exit_hctx(hctx, hctx_idx);
@@ -3856,7 +3866,7 @@ void blk_mq_release(struct request_queue *q)
 		kobject_put(&hctx->kobj);
 	}
 
-	kfree(q->queue_hw_ctx);
+	xa_destroy(&q->hctx_table);
 
 	/*
 	 * release .mq_kobj and sw queue's kobject now because
@@ -3945,46 +3955,28 @@ static struct blk_mq_hw_ctx *blk_mq_alloc_and_init_hctx(
 static void blk_mq_realloc_hw_ctxs(struct blk_mq_tag_set *set,
 						struct request_queue *q)
 {
-	int i, j, end;
-	struct blk_mq_hw_ctx **hctxs = q->queue_hw_ctx;
-
-	if (q->nr_hw_queues < set->nr_hw_queues) {
-		struct blk_mq_hw_ctx **new_hctxs;
-
-		new_hctxs = kcalloc_node(set->nr_hw_queues,
-				       sizeof(*new_hctxs), GFP_KERNEL,
-				       set->numa_node);
-		if (!new_hctxs)
-			return;
-		if (hctxs)
-			memcpy(new_hctxs, hctxs, q->nr_hw_queues *
-			       sizeof(*hctxs));
-		q->queue_hw_ctx = new_hctxs;
-		kfree(hctxs);
-		hctxs = new_hctxs;
-	}
+	struct blk_mq_hw_ctx *hctx;
+	unsigned long i, j;
 
 	/* protect against switching io scheduler  */
 	mutex_lock(&q->sysfs_lock);
 	for (i = 0; i < set->nr_hw_queues; i++) {
 		int old_node;
 		int node = blk_mq_get_hctx_node(set, i);
-		struct blk_mq_hw_ctx *old_hctx = hctxs[i];
+		struct blk_mq_hw_ctx *old_hctx = xa_load(&q->hctx_table, i);
 
 		if (old_hctx) {
 			old_node = old_hctx->numa_node;
 			blk_mq_exit_hctx(q, set, old_hctx, i);
 		}
 
-		hctxs[i] = blk_mq_alloc_and_init_hctx(set, q, i, node);
-		if (!hctxs[i]) {
+		if (!blk_mq_alloc_and_init_hctx(set, q, i, node)) {
 			if (!old_hctx)
 				break;
 			pr_warn("Allocate new hctx on node %d fails, fallback to previous one on node %d\n",
 					node, old_node);
-			hctxs[i] = blk_mq_alloc_and_init_hctx(set, q, i,
-					old_node);
-			WARN_ON_ONCE(!hctxs[i]);
+			hctx = blk_mq_alloc_and_init_hctx(set, q, i, old_node);
+			WARN_ON_ONCE(!hctx);
 		}
 	}
 	/*
@@ -3993,21 +3985,13 @@ static void blk_mq_realloc_hw_ctxs(struct blk_mq_tag_set *set,
 	 */
 	if (i != set->nr_hw_queues) {
 		j = q->nr_hw_queues;
-		end = i;
 	} else {
 		j = i;
-		end = q->nr_hw_queues;
 		q->nr_hw_queues = set->nr_hw_queues;
 	}
 
-	for (; j < end; j++) {
-		struct blk_mq_hw_ctx *hctx = hctxs[j];
-
-		if (hctx) {
-			blk_mq_exit_hctx(q, set, hctx, j);
-			hctxs[j] = NULL;
-		}
-	}
+	xa_for_each_start(&q->hctx_table, j, hctx, j)
+		blk_mq_exit_hctx(q, set, hctx, j);
 	mutex_unlock(&q->sysfs_lock);
 }
 
@@ -4046,6 +4030,8 @@ int blk_mq_init_allocated_queue(struct blk_mq_tag_set *set,
 	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&q->unused_hctx_list);
 	spin_lock_init(&q->unused_hctx_lock);
 
+	xa_init(&q->hctx_table);
+
 	blk_mq_realloc_hw_ctxs(set, q);
 	if (!q->nr_hw_queues)
 		goto err_hctxs;
@@ -4075,7 +4061,7 @@ int blk_mq_init_allocated_queue(struct blk_mq_tag_set *set,
 	return 0;
 
 err_hctxs:
-	kfree(q->queue_hw_ctx);
+	xa_destroy(&q->hctx_table);
 	q->nr_hw_queues = 0;
 	blk_mq_sysfs_deinit(q);
 err_poll:
diff --git a/block/blk-mq.h b/block/blk-mq.h
index 948791ea2a3e..2615bd58bad3 100644
--- a/block/blk-mq.h
+++ b/block/blk-mq.h
@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ static inline struct blk_mq_hw_ctx *blk_mq_map_queue_type(struct request_queue *
 							  enum hctx_type type,
 							  unsigned int cpu)
 {
-	return q->queue_hw_ctx[q->tag_set->map[type].mq_map[cpu]];
+	return xa_load(&q->hctx_table, q->tag_set->map[type].mq_map[cpu]);
 }
 
 static inline enum hctx_type blk_mq_get_hctx_type(unsigned int flags)
diff --git a/include/linux/blk-mq.h b/include/linux/blk-mq.h
index 3a41d50b85d3..7aa5c54901a9 100644
--- a/include/linux/blk-mq.h
+++ b/include/linux/blk-mq.h
@@ -917,8 +917,7 @@ static inline void *blk_mq_rq_to_pdu(struct request *rq)
 }
 
 #define queue_for_each_hw_ctx(q, hctx, i)				\
-	for ((i) = 0; (i) < (q)->nr_hw_queues &&			\
-	     ({ hctx = (q)->queue_hw_ctx[i]; 1; }); (i)++)
+	xa_for_each(&(q)->hctx_table, (i), (hctx))
 
 #define hctx_for_each_ctx(hctx, ctx, i)					\
 	for ((i) = 0; (i) < (hctx)->nr_ctx &&				\
diff --git a/include/linux/blkdev.h b/include/linux/blkdev.h
index e19947d84f12..d982171469bc 100644
--- a/include/linux/blkdev.h
+++ b/include/linux/blkdev.h
@@ -355,7 +355,7 @@ struct request_queue {
 	unsigned int		queue_depth;
 
 	/* hw dispatch queues */
-	struct blk_mq_hw_ctx	**queue_hw_ctx;
+	struct xarray		hctx_table;
 	unsigned int		nr_hw_queues;
 
 	/*