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rcu: Reduce overhead of cond_resched() checks for RCU

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Commit ac1bea8578 (Make cond_resched() report RCU quiescent states)
fixed a problem where a CPU looping in the kernel with but one runnable
task would give RCU CPU stall warnings, even if the in-kernel loop
contained cond_resched() calls.  Unfortunately, in so doing, it introduced
performance regressions in Anton Blanchard's will-it-scale "open1" test.
The problem appears to be not so much the increased cond_resched() path
length as an increase in the rate at which grace periods complete, which
increased per-update grace-period overhead.

This commit takes a different approach to fixing this bug, mainly by
moving the RCU-visible quiescent state from cond_resched() to
rcu_note_context_switch(), and by further reducing the check to a
simple non-zero test of a single per-CPU variable.  However, this
approach requires that the force-quiescent-state processing send
resched IPIs to the offending CPUs.  These will be sent only once
the grace period has reached an age specified by the boot/sysfs
parameter rcutree.jiffies_till_sched_qs, or once the grace period
reaches an age halfway to the point at which RCU CPU stall warnings
will be emitted, whichever comes first.

Reported-by: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@gentwo.org>
Cc: Mike Galbraith <umgwanakikbuti@gmail.com>
Cc: Eric Dumazet <eric.dumazet@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org>
[ paulmck: Made rcu_momentary_dyntick_idle() as suggested by the
  ktest build robot.  Also fixed smp_mb() comment as noted by
  Oleg Nesterov. ]

Merge with e552592e (Reduce overhead of cond_resched() checks for RCU)

Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
This commit is contained in:
Paul E. McKenney 2014-06-20 16:49:01 -07:00
parent 546a9d8519
commit 4a81e8328d
7 changed files with 125 additions and 90 deletions
Show Stats Download Patch File Download Diff File Expand all files Collapse all files

6
Documentation/kernel-parameters.txt
View File

@ -2785,6 +2785,12 @@ bytes respectively. Such letter suffixes can also be entirely omitted.
leaf rcu_node structure. Useful for very large
systems.
rcutree.jiffies_till_sched_qs= [KNL]
Set required age in jiffies for a
given grace period before RCU starts
soliciting quiescent-state help from
rcu_note_context_switch().
rcutree.jiffies_till_first_fqs= [KNL]
Set delay from grace-period initialization to
first attempt to force quiescent states.

36
include/linux/rcupdate.h
View File

@ -44,7 +44,6 @@
#include <linux/debugobjects.h>
#include <linux/bug.h>
#include <linux/compiler.h>
#include <linux/percpu.h>
#include <asm/barrier.h>
extern int rcu_expedited; /* for sysctl */
@ -299,41 +298,6 @@ static inline void rcu_user_hooks_switch(struct task_struct *prev,
bool __rcu_is_watching(void);
#endif /* #if defined(CONFIG_DEBUG_LOCK_ALLOC) || defined(CONFIG_RCU_TRACE) || defined(CONFIG_SMP) */
/*
* Hooks for cond_resched() and friends to avoid RCU CPU stall warnings.
*/
#define RCU_COND_RESCHED_LIM 256 /* ms vs. 100s of ms. */
DECLARE_PER_CPU(int, rcu_cond_resched_count);
void rcu_resched(void);
/*
* Is it time to report RCU quiescent states?
*
* Note unsynchronized access to rcu_cond_resched_count. Yes, we might
* increment some random CPU's count, and possibly also load the result from
* yet another CPU's count. We might even clobber some other CPU's attempt
* to zero its counter. This is all OK because the goal is not precision,
* but rather reasonable amortization of rcu_note_context_switch() overhead
* and extremely high probability of avoiding RCU CPU stall warnings.
* Note that this function has to be preempted in just the wrong place,
* many thousands of times in a row, for anything bad to happen.
*/
static inline bool rcu_should_resched(void)
{
return raw_cpu_inc_return(rcu_cond_resched_count) >=
RCU_COND_RESCHED_LIM;
}
/*
* Report quiscent states to RCU if it is time to do so.
*/
static inline void rcu_cond_resched(void)
{
if (unlikely(rcu_should_resched()))
rcu_resched();
}
/*
* Infrastructure to implement the synchronize_() primitives in
* TREE_RCU and rcu_barrier_() primitives in TINY_RCU.

140
kernel/rcu/tree.c
View File

@ -206,6 +206,70 @@ void rcu_bh_qs(int cpu)
rdp->passed_quiesce = 1;
}
static DEFINE_PER_CPU(int, rcu_sched_qs_mask);
static DEFINE_PER_CPU(struct rcu_dynticks, rcu_dynticks) = {
.dynticks_nesting = DYNTICK_TASK_EXIT_IDLE,
.dynticks = ATOMIC_INIT(1),
#ifdef CONFIG_NO_HZ_FULL_SYSIDLE
.dynticks_idle_nesting = DYNTICK_TASK_NEST_VALUE,
.dynticks_idle = ATOMIC_INIT(1),
#endif /* #ifdef CONFIG_NO_HZ_FULL_SYSIDLE */
};
/*
* Let the RCU core know that this CPU has gone through the scheduler,
* which is a quiescent state. This is called when the need for a
* quiescent state is urgent, so we burn an atomic operation and full
* memory barriers to let the RCU core know about it, regardless of what
* this CPU might (or might not) do in the near future.
*
* We inform the RCU core by emulating a zero-duration dyntick-idle
* period, which we in turn do by incrementing the ->dynticks counter
* by two.
*/
static void rcu_momentary_dyntick_idle(void)
{
unsigned long flags;
struct rcu_data *rdp;
struct rcu_dynticks *rdtp;
int resched_mask;
struct rcu_state *rsp;
local_irq_save(flags);
/*
* Yes, we can lose flag-setting operations. This is OK, because
* the flag will be set again after some delay.
*/
resched_mask = raw_cpu_read(rcu_sched_qs_mask);
raw_cpu_write(rcu_sched_qs_mask, 0);
/* Find the flavor that needs a quiescent state. */
for_each_rcu_flavor(rsp) {
rdp = raw_cpu_ptr(rsp->rda);
if (!(resched_mask & rsp->flavor_mask))
continue;
smp_mb(); /* rcu_sched_qs_mask before cond_resched_completed. */
if (ACCESS_ONCE(rdp->mynode->completed) !=
ACCESS_ONCE(rdp->cond_resched_completed))
continue;
/*
* Pretend to be momentarily idle for the quiescent state.
* This allows the grace-period kthread to record the
* quiescent state, with no need for this CPU to do anything
* further.
*/
rdtp = this_cpu_ptr(&rcu_dynticks);
smp_mb__before_atomic(); /* Earlier stuff before QS. */
atomic_add(2, &rdtp->dynticks); /* QS. */
smp_mb__after_atomic(); /* Later stuff after QS. */
break;
}
local_irq_restore(flags);
}
/*
* Note a context switch. This is a quiescent state for RCU-sched,
* and requires special handling for preemptible RCU.
@ -216,19 +280,12 @@ void rcu_note_context_switch(int cpu)
trace_rcu_utilization(TPS("Start context switch"));
rcu_sched_qs(cpu);
rcu_preempt_note_context_switch(cpu);
if (unlikely(raw_cpu_read(rcu_sched_qs_mask)))
rcu_momentary_dyntick_idle();
trace_rcu_utilization(TPS("End context switch"));
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(rcu_note_context_switch);
static DEFINE_PER_CPU(struct rcu_dynticks, rcu_dynticks) = {
.dynticks_nesting = DYNTICK_TASK_EXIT_IDLE,
.dynticks = ATOMIC_INIT(1),
#ifdef CONFIG_NO_HZ_FULL_SYSIDLE
.dynticks_idle_nesting = DYNTICK_TASK_NEST_VALUE,
.dynticks_idle = ATOMIC_INIT(1),
#endif /* #ifdef CONFIG_NO_HZ_FULL_SYSIDLE */
};
static long blimit = 10; /* Maximum callbacks per rcu_do_batch. */
static long qhimark = 10000; /* If this many pending, ignore blimit. */
static long qlowmark = 100; /* Once only this many pending, use blimit. */
@ -243,6 +300,13 @@ static ulong jiffies_till_next_fqs = ULONG_MAX;
module_param(jiffies_till_first_fqs, ulong, 0644);
module_param(jiffies_till_next_fqs, ulong, 0644);
/*
* How long the grace period must be before we start recruiting
* quiescent-state help from rcu_note_context_switch().
*/
static ulong jiffies_till_sched_qs = HZ / 20;
module_param(jiffies_till_sched_qs, ulong, 0644);
static bool rcu_start_gp_advanced(struct rcu_state *rsp, struct rcu_node *rnp,
struct rcu_data *rdp);
static void force_qs_rnp(struct rcu_state *rsp,
@ -853,6 +917,7 @@ static int rcu_implicit_dynticks_qs(struct rcu_data *rdp,
bool *isidle, unsigned long *maxj)
{
unsigned int curr;
int *rcrmp;
unsigned int snap;
curr = (unsigned int)atomic_add_return(0, &rdp->dynticks->dynticks);
@ -893,27 +958,43 @@ static int rcu_implicit_dynticks_qs(struct rcu_data *rdp,
}
/*
* There is a possibility that a CPU in adaptive-ticks state
* might run in the kernel with the scheduling-clock tick disabled
* for an extended time period. Invoke rcu_kick_nohz_cpu() to
* force the CPU to restart the scheduling-clock tick in this
* CPU is in this state.
* A CPU running for an extended time within the kernel can
* delay RCU grace periods. When the CPU is in NO_HZ_FULL mode,
* even context-switching back and forth between a pair of
* in-kernel CPU-bound tasks cannot advance grace periods.
* So if the grace period is old enough, make the CPU pay attention.
* Note that the unsynchronized assignments to the per-CPU
* rcu_sched_qs_mask variable are safe. Yes, setting of
* bits can be lost, but they will be set again on the next
* force-quiescent-state pass. So lost bit sets do not result
* in incorrect behavior, merely in a grace period lasting
* a few jiffies longer than it might otherwise. Because
* there are at most four threads involved, and because the
* updates are only once every few jiffies, the probability of
* lossage (and thus of slight grace-period extension) is
* quite low.
*
* Note that if the jiffies_till_sched_qs boot/sysfs parameter
* is set too high, we override with half of the RCU CPU stall
* warning delay.
*/
rcu_kick_nohz_cpu(rdp->cpu);
/*
* Alternatively, the CPU might be running in the kernel
* for an extended period of time without a quiescent state.
* Attempt to force the CPU through the scheduler to gain the
* needed quiescent state, but only if the grace period has gone
* on for an uncommonly long time. If there are many stuck CPUs,
* we will beat on the first one until it gets unstuck, then move
* to the next. Only do this for the primary flavor of RCU.
*/
if (rdp->rsp == rcu_state_p &&
rcrmp = &per_cpu(rcu_sched_qs_mask, rdp->cpu);
if (ULONG_CMP_GE(jiffies,
rdp->rsp->gp_start + jiffies_till_sched_qs) ||
ULONG_CMP_GE(jiffies, rdp->rsp->jiffies_resched)) {
rdp->rsp->jiffies_resched += 5;
resched_cpu(rdp->cpu);
if (!(ACCESS_ONCE(*rcrmp) & rdp->rsp->flavor_mask)) {
ACCESS_ONCE(rdp->cond_resched_completed) =
ACCESS_ONCE(rdp->mynode->completed);
smp_mb(); /* ->cond_resched_completed before *rcrmp. */
ACCESS_ONCE(*rcrmp) =
ACCESS_ONCE(*rcrmp) + rdp->rsp->flavor_mask;
resched_cpu(rdp->cpu); /* Force CPU into scheduler. */
rdp->rsp->jiffies_resched += 5; /* Enable beating. */
} else if (ULONG_CMP_GE(jiffies, rdp->rsp->jiffies_resched)) {
/* Time to beat on that CPU again! */
resched_cpu(rdp->cpu); /* Force CPU into scheduler. */
rdp->rsp->jiffies_resched += 5; /* Re-enable beating. */
}
}
return 0;
@ -3491,6 +3572,7 @@ static void __init rcu_init_one(struct rcu_state *rsp,
"rcu_node_fqs_1",
"rcu_node_fqs_2",
"rcu_node_fqs_3" }; /* Match MAX_RCU_LVLS */
static u8 fl_mask = 0x1;
int cpustride = 1;
int i;
int j;
@ -3509,6 +3591,8 @@ static void __init rcu_init_one(struct rcu_state *rsp,
for (i = 1; i < rcu_num_lvls; i++)
rsp->level[i] = rsp->level[i - 1] + rsp->levelcnt[i - 1];
rcu_init_levelspread(rsp);
rsp->flavor_mask = fl_mask;
fl_mask <<= 1;
/* Initialize the elements themselves, starting from the leaves. */

6
kernel/rcu/tree.h
View File

@ -307,6 +307,9 @@ struct rcu_data {
/* 4) reasons this CPU needed to be kicked by force_quiescent_state */
unsigned long dynticks_fqs; /* Kicked due to dynticks idle. */
unsigned long offline_fqs; /* Kicked due to being offline. */
unsigned long cond_resched_completed;
/* Grace period that needs help */
/* from cond_resched(). */
/* 5) __rcu_pending() statistics. */
unsigned long n_rcu_pending; /* rcu_pending() calls since boot. */
@ -392,6 +395,7 @@ struct rcu_state {
struct rcu_node *level[RCU_NUM_LVLS]; /* Hierarchy levels. */
u32 levelcnt[MAX_RCU_LVLS + 1]; /* # nodes in each level. */
u8 levelspread[RCU_NUM_LVLS]; /* kids/node in each level. */
u8 flavor_mask; /* bit in flavor mask. */
struct rcu_data __percpu *rda; /* pointer of percu rcu_data. */
void (*call)(struct rcu_head *head, /* call_rcu() flavor. */
void (*func)(struct rcu_head *head));
@ -563,7 +567,7 @@ static bool rcu_nocb_need_deferred_wakeup(struct rcu_data *rdp);
static void do_nocb_deferred_wakeup(struct rcu_data *rdp);
static void rcu_boot_init_nocb_percpu_data(struct rcu_data *rdp);
static void rcu_spawn_nocb_kthreads(struct rcu_state *rsp);
static void rcu_kick_nohz_cpu(int cpu);
static void __maybe_unused rcu_kick_nohz_cpu(int cpu);
static bool init_nocb_callback_list(struct rcu_data *rdp);
static void rcu_sysidle_enter(struct rcu_dynticks *rdtp, int irq);
static void rcu_sysidle_exit(struct rcu_dynticks *rdtp, int irq);

2
kernel/rcu/tree_plugin.h
View File

@ -2404,7 +2404,7 @@ static bool init_nocb_callback_list(struct rcu_data *rdp)
* if an adaptive-ticks CPU is failing to respond to the current grace
* period and has not be idle from an RCU perspective, kick it.
*/
static void rcu_kick_nohz_cpu(int cpu)
static void __maybe_unused rcu_kick_nohz_cpu(int cpu)
{
#ifdef CONFIG_NO_HZ_FULL
if (tick_nohz_full_cpu(cpu))

18
kernel/rcu/update.c
View File

@ -350,21 +350,3 @@ static int __init check_cpu_stall_init(void)
early_initcall(check_cpu_stall_init);
#endif /* #ifdef CONFIG_RCU_STALL_COMMON */
/*
* Hooks for cond_resched() and friends to avoid RCU CPU stall warnings.
*/
DEFINE_PER_CPU(int, rcu_cond_resched_count);
/*
* Report a set of RCU quiescent states, for use by cond_resched()
* and friends. Out of line due to being called infrequently.
*/
void rcu_resched(void)
{
preempt_disable();
__this_cpu_write(rcu_cond_resched_count, 0);
rcu_note_context_switch(smp_processor_id());
preempt_enable();
}

7
kernel/sched/core.c
View File

@ -4147,7 +4147,6 @@ static void __cond_resched(void)
int __sched _cond_resched(void)
{
rcu_cond_resched();
if (should_resched()) {
__cond_resched();
return 1;
@ -4166,18 +4165,15 @@ EXPORT_SYMBOL(_cond_resched);
*/
int __cond_resched_lock(spinlock_t *lock)
{
bool need_rcu_resched = rcu_should_resched();
int resched = should_resched();
int ret = 0;
lockdep_assert_held(lock);
if (spin_needbreak(lock) || resched || need_rcu_resched) {
if (spin_needbreak(lock) || resched) {
spin_unlock(lock);
if (resched)
__cond_resched();
else if (unlikely(need_rcu_resched))
rcu_resched();
else
cpu_relax();
ret = 1;
@ -4191,7 +4187,6 @@ int __sched __cond_resched_softirq(void)
{
BUG_ON(!in_softirq());
rcu_cond_resched(); /* BH disabled OK, just recording QSes. */
if (should_resched()) {
local_bh_enable();
__cond_resched();