btrfs: fiemap: Cache and merge fiemap extent before submit it to user

[BUG]
Cycle mount btrfs can cause fiemap to return different result.
Like:
 # mount /dev/vdb5 /mnt/btrfs
 # dd if=/dev/zero bs=16K count=4 oflag=dsync of=/mnt/btrfs/file
 # xfs_io -c "fiemap -v" /mnt/btrfs/file
 /mnt/test/file:
 EXT: FILE-OFFSET      BLOCK-RANGE      TOTAL FLAGS
   0: [0..127]:        25088..25215       128   0x1
 # umount /mnt/btrfs
 # mount /dev/vdb5 /mnt/btrfs
 # xfs_io -c "fiemap -v" /mnt/btrfs/file
 /mnt/test/file:
 EXT: FILE-OFFSET      BLOCK-RANGE      TOTAL FLAGS
   0: [0..31]:         25088..25119        32   0x0
   1: [32..63]:        25120..25151        32   0x0
   2: [64..95]:        25152..25183        32   0x0
   3: [96..127]:       25184..25215        32   0x1
But after above fiemap, we get correct merged result if we call fiemap
again.
 # xfs_io -c "fiemap -v" /mnt/btrfs/file
 /mnt/test/file:
 EXT: FILE-OFFSET      BLOCK-RANGE      TOTAL FLAGS
   0: [0..127]:        25088..25215       128   0x1

[REASON]
Btrfs will try to merge extent map when inserting new extent map.

btrfs_fiemap(start=0 len=(u64)-1)
|- extent_fiemap(start=0 len=(u64)-1)
   |- get_extent_skip_holes(start=0 len=64k)
   |  |- btrfs_get_extent_fiemap(start=0 len=64k)
   |     |- btrfs_get_extent(start=0 len=64k)
   |        |  Found on-disk (ino, EXTENT_DATA, 0)
   |        |- add_extent_mapping()
   |        |- Return (em->start=0, len=16k)
   |
   |- fiemap_fill_next_extent(logic=0 phys=X len=16k)
   |
   |- get_extent_skip_holes(start=0 len=64k)
   |  |- btrfs_get_extent_fiemap(start=0 len=64k)
   |     |- btrfs_get_extent(start=16k len=48k)
   |        |  Found on-disk (ino, EXTENT_DATA, 16k)
   |        |- add_extent_mapping()
   |        |  |- try_merge_map()
   |        |     Merge with previous em start=0 len=16k
   |        |     resulting em start=0 len=32k
   |        |- Return (em->start=0, len=32K)    << Merged result
   |- Stripe off the unrelated range (0~16K) of return em
   |- fiemap_fill_next_extent(logic=16K phys=X+16K len=16K)
      ^^^ Causing split fiemap extent.

And since in add_extent_mapping(), em is already merged, in next
fiemap() call, we will get merged result.

[FIX]
Here we introduce a new structure, fiemap_cache, which records previous
fiemap extent.

And will always try to merge current fiemap_cache result before calling
fiemap_fill_next_extent().
Only when we failed to merge current fiemap extent with cached one, we
will call fiemap_fill_next_extent() to submit cached one.

So by this method, we can merge all fiemap extents.

It can also be done in fs/ioctl.c, however the problem is if
fieinfo->fi_extents_max == 0, we have no space to cache previous fiemap
extent.
So I choose to merge it in btrfs.

Signed-off-by: Qu Wenruo <quwenruo@cn.fujitsu.com>
Reviewed-by: Liu Bo <bo.li.liu@oracle.com>
Reviewed-by: David Sterba <dsterba@suse.com>
Signed-off-by: David Sterba <dsterba@suse.com>

fs/btrfs/extent_io.c

@@ -4377,6 +4377,123 @@ static struct extent_map *get_extent_skip_holes(struct inode *inode,
 	return NULL;
 }
 
+/*
+ * To cache previous fiemap extent
+ *
+ * Will be used for merging fiemap extent
+ */
+struct fiemap_cache {
+	u64 offset;
+	u64 phys;
+	u64 len;
+	u32 flags;
+	bool cached;
+};
+
+/*
+ * Helper to submit fiemap extent.
+ *
+ * Will try to merge current fiemap extent specified by @offset, @phys,
+ * @len and @flags with cached one.
+ * And only when we fails to merge, cached one will be submitted as
+ * fiemap extent.
+ *
+ * Return value is the same as fiemap_fill_next_extent().
+ */
+static int emit_fiemap_extent(struct fiemap_extent_info *fieinfo,
+				struct fiemap_cache *cache,
+				u64 offset, u64 phys, u64 len, u32 flags)
+{
+	int ret = 0;
+
+	if (!cache->cached)
+		goto assign;
+
+	/*
+	 * Sanity check, extent_fiemap() should have ensured that new
+	 * fiemap extent won't overlap with cahced one.
+	 * Not recoverable.
+	 *
+	 * NOTE: Physical address can overlap, due to compression
+	 */
+	if (cache->offset + cache->len > offset) {
+		WARN_ON(1);
+		return -EINVAL;
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * Only merges fiemap extents if
+	 * 1) Their logical addresses are continuous
+	 *
+	 * 2) Their physical addresses are continuous
+	 *    So truly compressed (physical size smaller than logical size)
+	 *    extents won't get merged with each other
+	 *
+	 * 3) Share same flags except FIEMAP_EXTENT_LAST
+	 *    So regular extent won't get merged with prealloc extent
+	 */
+	if (cache->offset + cache->len  == offset &&
+	    cache->phys + cache->len == phys  &&
+	    (cache->flags & ~FIEMAP_EXTENT_LAST) ==
+			(flags & ~FIEMAP_EXTENT_LAST)) {
+		cache->len += len;
+		cache->flags |= flags;
+		goto try_submit_last;
+	}
+
+	/* Not mergeable, need to submit cached one */
+	ret = fiemap_fill_next_extent(fieinfo, cache->offset, cache->phys,
+				      cache->len, cache->flags);
+	cache->cached = false;
+	if (ret)
+		return ret;
+assign:
+	cache->cached = true;
+	cache->offset = offset;
+	cache->phys = phys;
+	cache->len = len;
+	cache->flags = flags;
+try_submit_last:
+	if (cache->flags & FIEMAP_EXTENT_LAST) {
+		ret = fiemap_fill_next_extent(fieinfo, cache->offset,
+				cache->phys, cache->len, cache->flags);
+		cache->cached = false;
+	}
+	return ret;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Sanity check for fiemap cache
+ *
+ * All fiemap cache should be submitted by emit_fiemap_extent()
+ * Iteration should be terminated either by last fiemap extent or
+ * fieinfo->fi_extents_max.
+ * So no cached fiemap should exist.
+ */
+static int check_fiemap_cache(struct btrfs_fs_info *fs_info,
+			       struct fiemap_extent_info *fieinfo,
+			       struct fiemap_cache *cache)
+{
+	int ret;
+
+	if (!cache->cached)
+		return 0;
+
+	/* Small and recoverbale problem, only to info developer */
+#ifdef CONFIG_BTRFS_DEBUG
+	WARN_ON(1);
+#endif
+	btrfs_warn(fs_info,
+		   "unhandled fiemap cache detected: offset=%llu phys=%llu len=%llu flags=0x%x",
+		   cache->offset, cache->phys, cache->len, cache->flags);
+	ret = fiemap_fill_next_extent(fieinfo, cache->offset, cache->phys,
+				      cache->len, cache->flags);
+	cache->cached = false;
+	if (ret > 0)
+		ret = 0;
+	return ret;
+}
+
 int extent_fiemap(struct inode *inode, struct fiemap_extent_info *fieinfo,
 		__u64 start, __u64 len, get_extent_t *get_extent)
 {
@@ -4394,6 +4511,7 @@ int extent_fiemap(struct inode *inode, struct fiemap_extent_info *fieinfo,
 	struct extent_state *cached_state = NULL;
 	struct btrfs_path *path;
 	struct btrfs_root *root = BTRFS_I(inode)->root;
+	struct fiemap_cache cache = { 0 };
 	int end = 0;
 	u64 em_start = 0;
 	u64 em_len = 0;
@@ -4573,8 +4691,8 @@ int extent_fiemap(struct inode *inode, struct fiemap_extent_info *fieinfo,
 			flags |= FIEMAP_EXTENT_LAST;
 			end = 1;
 		}
-		ret = fiemap_fill_next_extent(fieinfo, em_start, disko,
+		ret = emit_fiemap_extent(fieinfo, &cache, em_start, disko,
-					      em_len, flags);
+					   em_len, flags);
 		if (ret) {
 			if (ret == 1)
 				ret = 0;
@@ -4582,6 +4700,8 @@ int extent_fiemap(struct inode *inode, struct fiemap_extent_info *fieinfo,
 		}
 	}
 out_free:
+	if (!ret)
+		ret = check_fiemap_cache(root->fs_info, fieinfo, &cache);
 	free_extent_map(em);
 out:
 	btrfs_free_path(path);