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linux/Documentation/arm64/legacy_instructions.txt

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arm64: Add framework for legacy instruction emulation Typically, providing support for legacy instructions requires emulating the behaviour of instructions whose encodings have become undefined. If the instructions haven't been removed from the architecture, there maybe an option in the implementation to turn on/off the support for these instructions. Create common infrastructure to support legacy instruction emulation. In addition to emulation, also provide an option to support hardware execution when supported. The default execution mode (one of undef, emulate, hw exeuction) is dependent on the state of the instruction (deprecated or obsolete) in the architecture and can specified at the time of registering the instruction handlers. The runtime state of the emulation can be controlled by writing to individual nodes in sysctl. The expected default behaviour is documented as part of this patch. Reviewed-by: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com> Signed-off-by: Punit Agrawal <punit.agrawal@arm.com> Signed-off-by: Will Deacon <will.deacon@arm.com>
2014-11-18 11:41:24 +00:00
The arm64 port of the Linux kernel provides infrastructure to support
emulation of instructions which have been deprecated, or obsoleted in
the architecture. The infrastructure code uses undefined instruction
hooks to support emulation. Where available it also allows turning on
the instruction execution in hardware.
The emulation mode can be controlled by writing to sysctl nodes
(/proc/sys/abi). The following explains the different execution
behaviours and the corresponding values of the sysctl nodes -
* Undef
Value: 0
Generates undefined instruction abort. Default for instructions that
have been obsoleted in the architecture, e.g., SWP
* Emulate
Value: 1
Uses software emulation. To aid migration of software, in this mode
usage of emulated instruction is traced as well as rate limited
warnings are issued. This is the default for deprecated
instructions, .e.g., CP15 barriers
* Hardware Execution
Value: 2
Although marked as deprecated, some implementations may support the
enabling/disabling of hardware support for the execution of these
instructions. Using hardware execution generally provides better
performance, but at the loss of ability to gather runtime statistics
about the use of the deprecated instructions.
The default mode depends on the status of the instruction in the
architecture. Deprecated instructions should default to emulation
while obsolete instructions must be undefined by default.
arm64: Port SWP/SWPB emulation support from arm The SWP instruction was deprecated in the ARMv6 architecture. The ARMv7 multiprocessing extensions mandate that SWP/SWPB instructions are treated as undefined from reset, with the ability to enable them through the System Control Register SW bit. With ARMv8, the option to enable these instructions through System Control Register was dropped as well. To support legacy applications using these instructions, port the emulation of the SWP and SWPB instructions from the arm port to arm64. Reviewed-by: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com> Signed-off-by: Punit Agrawal <punit.agrawal@arm.com> Signed-off-by: Will Deacon <will.deacon@arm.com>
2014-11-18 11:41:25 +00:00
arm64: Emulate SETEND for AArch32 tasks Emulate deprecated 'setend' instruction for AArch32 bit tasks. setend [le/be] - Sets the endianness of EL0 On systems with CPUs which support mixed endian at EL0, the hardware support for the instruction can be enabled by setting the SCTLR_EL1.SED bit. Like the other emulated instructions it is controlled by an entry in /proc/sys/abi/. For more information see : Documentation/arm64/legacy_instructions.txt The instruction is emulated by setting/clearing the SPSR_EL1.E bit, which will be reflected in the PSTATE.E in AArch32 context. This patch also restores the native endianness for the execution of signal handlers, since the process could have changed the endianness. Note: All CPUs on the system must have mixed endian support at EL0. Once the handler is registered, hotplugging a CPU which doesn't support mixed endian, could lead to unexpected results/behavior in applications. Signed-off-by: Suzuki K. Poulose <suzuki.poulose@arm.com> Cc: Will Deacon <will.deacon@arm.com> Cc: Punit Agrawal <punit.agrawal@arm.com> Signed-off-by: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>
2015-01-21 12:43:11 +00:00
Note: Instruction emulation may not be possible in all cases. See
individual instruction notes for further information.
arm64: Port SWP/SWPB emulation support from arm The SWP instruction was deprecated in the ARMv6 architecture. The ARMv7 multiprocessing extensions mandate that SWP/SWPB instructions are treated as undefined from reset, with the ability to enable them through the System Control Register SW bit. With ARMv8, the option to enable these instructions through System Control Register was dropped as well. To support legacy applications using these instructions, port the emulation of the SWP and SWPB instructions from the arm port to arm64. Reviewed-by: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com> Signed-off-by: Punit Agrawal <punit.agrawal@arm.com> Signed-off-by: Will Deacon <will.deacon@arm.com>
2014-11-18 11:41:25 +00:00
Supported legacy instructions
-----------------------------
* SWP{B}
Node: /proc/sys/abi/swp
Status: Obsolete
Default: Undef (0)
arm64: Emulate CP15 Barrier instructions The CP15 barrier instructions (CP15ISB, CP15DSB and CP15DMB) are deprecated in the ARMv7 architecture, superseded by ISB, DSB and DMB instructions respectively. Some implementations may provide the ability to disable the CP15 barriers by disabling the CP15BEN bit in SCTLR_EL1. If not enabled, the encodings for these instructions become undefined. To support legacy software using these instructions, this patch register hooks to - * emulate CP15 barriers and warn the user about their use * toggle CP15BEN in SCTLR_EL1 Signed-off-by: Punit Agrawal <punit.agrawal@arm.com> Reviewed-by: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com> Signed-off-by: Will Deacon <will.deacon@arm.com>
2014-11-18 11:41:26 +00:00
* CP15 Barriers
Node: /proc/sys/abi/cp15_barrier
Status: Deprecated
Default: Emulate (1)
arm64: Emulate SETEND for AArch32 tasks Emulate deprecated 'setend' instruction for AArch32 bit tasks. setend [le/be] - Sets the endianness of EL0 On systems with CPUs which support mixed endian at EL0, the hardware support for the instruction can be enabled by setting the SCTLR_EL1.SED bit. Like the other emulated instructions it is controlled by an entry in /proc/sys/abi/. For more information see : Documentation/arm64/legacy_instructions.txt The instruction is emulated by setting/clearing the SPSR_EL1.E bit, which will be reflected in the PSTATE.E in AArch32 context. This patch also restores the native endianness for the execution of signal handlers, since the process could have changed the endianness. Note: All CPUs on the system must have mixed endian support at EL0. Once the handler is registered, hotplugging a CPU which doesn't support mixed endian, could lead to unexpected results/behavior in applications. Signed-off-by: Suzuki K. Poulose <suzuki.poulose@arm.com> Cc: Will Deacon <will.deacon@arm.com> Cc: Punit Agrawal <punit.agrawal@arm.com> Signed-off-by: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>
2015-01-21 12:43:11 +00:00
* SETEND
Node: /proc/sys/abi/setend
Status: Deprecated
Default: Emulate (1)*
Note: All the cpus on the system must have mixed endian support at EL0
for this feature to be enabled. If a new CPU - which doesn't support mixed
endian - is hotplugged in after this feature has been enabled, there could
be unexpected results in the application.
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