linux/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/gpio/gpio.txt

Specifying GPIO information for devices
============================================

1) gpios property
-----------------

Nodes that makes use of GPIOs should specify them using one or more
properties, each containing a 'gpio-list':

	gpio-list ::= <single-gpio> [gpio-list]
	single-gpio ::= <gpio-phandle> <gpio-specifier>
	gpio-phandle : phandle to gpio controller node
	gpio-specifier : Array of #gpio-cells specifying specific gpio
			 (controller specific)

GPIO properties should be named "[<name>-]gpios".  Exact
meaning of each gpios property must be documented in the device tree
binding for each device.

For example, the following could be used to describe gpios pins to use
as chip select lines; with chip selects 0, 1 and 3 populated, and chip
select 2 left empty:

	gpio1: gpio1 {
		gpio-controller
		 #gpio-cells = <2>;
	};
	gpio2: gpio2 {
		gpio-controller
		 #gpio-cells = <1>;
	};
	[...]
	 chipsel-gpios = <&gpio1 12 0>,
			 <&gpio1 13 0>,
			 <0>, /* holes are permitted, means no GPIO 2 */
			 <&gpio2 2>;

Note that gpio-specifier length is controller dependent.  In the
above example, &gpio1 uses 2 cells to specify a gpio, while &gpio2
only uses one.

gpio-specifier may encode: bank, pin position inside the bank,
whether pin is open-drain and whether pin is logically inverted.
Exact meaning of each specifier cell is controller specific, and must
be documented in the device tree binding for the device.

Example of the node using GPIOs:

	node {
		gpios = <&qe_pio_e 18 0>;
	};

In this example gpio-specifier is "18 0" and encodes GPIO pin number,
and empty GPIO flags as accepted by the "qe_pio_e" gpio-controller.

2) gpio-controller nodes
------------------------

Every GPIO controller node must both an empty "gpio-controller"
property, and have #gpio-cells contain the size of the gpio-specifier.

Example of two SOC GPIO banks defined as gpio-controller nodes:

	qe_pio_a: gpio-controller@1400 {
		#gpio-cells = <2>;
		compatible = "fsl,qe-pario-bank-a", "fsl,qe-pario-bank";
		reg = <0x1400 0x18>;
		gpio-controller;
	};

	qe_pio_e: gpio-controller@1460 {
		#gpio-cells = <2>;
		compatible = "fsl,qe-pario-bank-e", "fsl,qe-pario-bank";
		reg = <0x1460 0x18>;
		gpio-controller;
	};

2.1) gpio- and pin-controller interaction
-----------------------------------------

Some or all of the GPIOs provided by a GPIO controller may be routed to pins
on the package via a pin controller. This allows muxing those pins between
GPIO and other functions.

It is useful to represent which GPIOs correspond to which pins on which pin
controllers. The gpio-ranges property described below represents this, and
contains information structures as follows:

	gpio-range-list ::= <single-gpio-range> [gpio-range-list]
	single-gpio-range ::= <numeric-gpio-range> | <named-gpio-range>
	numeric-gpio-range ::=
			<pinctrl-phandle> <gpio-base> <pinctrl-base> <count>
	named-gpio-range ::= <pinctrl-phandle> <gpio-base> '<0 0>'
	gpio-phandle : phandle to pin controller node.
	gpio-base : Base GPIO ID in the GPIO controller
	pinctrl-base : Base pinctrl pin ID in the pin controller
	count : The number of GPIOs/pins in this range

The "pin controller node" mentioned above must conform to the bindings
described in ../pinctrl/pinctrl-bindings.txt.

In case named gpio ranges are used (ranges with both <pinctrl-base> and
<count> set to 0), the property gpio-ranges-group-names contains one string
for every single-gpio-range in gpio-ranges:
	gpiorange-names-list ::= <gpiorange-name> [gpiorange-names-list]
	gpiorange-name : Name of the pingroup associated to the GPIO range in
			the respective pin controller.

Elements of gpiorange-names-list corresponding to numeric ranges contain
the empty string. Elements of gpiorange-names-list corresponding to named
ranges contain the name of a pin group defined in the respective pin
controller. The number of pins/GPIOs in the range is the number of pins in
that pin group.

Previous versions of this binding required all pin controller nodes that
were referenced by any gpio-ranges property to contain a property named
#gpio-range-cells with value <3>. This requirement is now deprecated.
However, that property may still exist in older device trees for
compatibility reasons, and would still be required even in new device
trees that need to be compatible with older software.

Example 1:

	qe_pio_e: gpio-controller@1460 {
		#gpio-cells = <2>;
		compatible = "fsl,qe-pario-bank-e", "fsl,qe-pario-bank";
		reg = <0x1460 0x18>;
		gpio-controller;
		gpio-ranges = <&pinctrl1 0 20 10>, <&pinctrl2 10 50 20>;
	};

Here, a single GPIO controller has GPIOs 0..9 routed to pin controller
pinctrl1's pins 20..29, and GPIOs 10..19 routed to pin controller pinctrl2's
pins 50..59.

Example 2:

	gpio_pio_i: gpio-controller@14B0 {
		#gpio-cells = <2>;
		compatible = "fsl,qe-pario-bank-e", "fsl,qe-pario-bank";
		reg = <0x1480 0x18>;
		gpio-controller;
		gpio-ranges =			<&pinctrl1 0 20 10>,
						<&pinctrl2 10 0 0>,
						<&pinctrl1 15 0 10>,
						<&pinctrl2 25 0 0>;
		gpio-ranges-group-names =	"",
						"foo",
						"",
						"bar";
	};

Here, three GPIO ranges are defined wrt. two pin controllers. pinctrl1 GPIO
ranges are defined using pin numbers whereas the GPIO ranges wrt. pinctrl2
are named "foo" and "bar".