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Miguel Ojeda 56f64b3706 rust: upgrade to Rust 1.78.0 
This is the next upgrade to the Rust toolchain, from 1.77.1 to 1.78.0
(i.e. the latest) [1].

See the upgrade policy [2] and the comments on the first upgrade in
commit 3ed03f4da0 ("rust: upgrade to Rust 1.68.2").

It is much smaller than previous upgrades, since the `alloc` fork was
dropped in commit 9d0441bab7 ("rust: alloc: remove our fork of the
`alloc` crate") [3].

# Unstable features

There have been no changes to the set of unstable features used in
our own code. Therefore, the only unstable features allowed to be used
outside the `kernel` crate is still `new_uninit`.

However, since we finally dropped our `alloc` fork [3], all the unstable
features used by `alloc` (~30 language ones, ~60 library ones) are not
a concern anymore. This reduces the maintenance burden, increases the
chances of new compiler versions working without changes and gets us
closer to the goal of supporting several compiler versions.

It also means that, ignoring non-language/library features, we are
currently left with just the few language features needed to implement the
kernel `Arc`, the `new_uninit` library feature, the `compiler_builtins`
marker and the few `no_*` `cfg`s we pass when compiling `core`/`alloc`.

Please see [4] for details.

# Required changes

## LLVM's data layout

Rust 1.77.0 (i.e. the previous upgrade) introduced a check for matching
LLVM data layouts [5]. Then, Rust 1.78.0 upgraded LLVM's bundled major
version from 17 to 18 [6], which changed the data layout in x86 [7]. Thus
update the data layout in our custom target specification for x86 so
that the compiler does not complain about the mismatch:

    error: data-layout for target `target-5559158138856098584`,
    `e-m:e-p270:32:32-p271:32:32-p272:64:64-i64:64-f80:128-n8:16:32:64-S128`,
    differs from LLVM target's `x86_64-linux-gnu` default layout,
    `e-m:e-p270:32:32-p271:32:32-p272:64:64-i64:64-i128:128-f80:128-n8:16:32:64-S128`

In the future, the goal is to drop the custom target specifications.
Meanwhile, if we want to support other LLVM versions used in `rustc`
(e.g. for LTO), we will need to add some extra logic (e.g. conditional on
LLVM's version, or extracting the data layout from an existing built-in
target specification).

## `unused_imports`

Rust's `unused_imports` lint covers both unused and redundant imports.
Now, in 1.78.0, the lint detects more cases of redundant imports [8].
Thus one of the previous patches cleaned them up.

## Clippy's `new_without_default`

Clippy now suggests to implement `Default` even when `new()` is `const`,
since `Default::default()` may call `const` functions even if it is not
`const` itself [9]. Thus one of the previous patches implemented it.

# Other changes in Rust

Rust 1.78.0 introduced `feature(asm_goto)` [10] [11]. This feature was
discussed in the past [12].

Rust 1.78.0 introduced `feature(const_refs_to_static)` [13] to allow
referencing statics in constants and extended `feature(const_mut_refs)`
to allow raw mutable pointers in constants. Together, this should cover
the kernel's `VTABLE` use case. In fact, the implementation [14] in
upstream Rust added a test case for it [15].

Rust 1.78.0 with debug assertions enabled (i.e. `-Cdebug-assertions=y`,
kernel's `CONFIG_RUST_DEBUG_ASSERTIONS=y`) now always checks all unsafe
preconditions, though without a way to opt-out for particular cases [16].
It would be ideal to have a way to selectively disable certain checks
per-call site for this one (i.e. not just per check but for particular
instances of a check), even if the vast majority of the checks remain
in place [17].

Rust 1.78.0 also improved a couple issues we reported when giving feedback
for the new `--check-cfg` feature [18] [19].

# `alloc` upgrade and reviewing

As mentioned above, compiler upgrades will not update `alloc` anymore,
since we dropped our `alloc` fork [3].

Link: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/blob/stable/RELEASES.md#version-1780-2024-05-02 [1]
Link: https://rust-for-linux.com/rust-version-policy [2]
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/rust-for-linux/20240328013603.206764-1-wedsonaf@gmail.com/ [3]
Link: https://github.com/Rust-for-Linux/linux/issues/2 [4]
Link: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/120062 [5]
Link: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/120055 [6]
Link: https://reviews.llvm.org/D86310 [7]
Link: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/117772 [8]
Link: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust-clippy/pull/10903 [9]
Link: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/119365 [10]
Link: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/119364 [11]
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/rust-for-linux/ZWipTZysC2YL7qsq@Boquns-Mac-mini.home/ [12]
Link: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/119618 [13]
Link: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/120932 [14]
Link: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/120932/files#diff-e6fc1622c46054cd46b1d225c5386c5554564b3b0fa8a03c2dc2d8627a1079d9 [15]
Link: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/120969 [16]
Link: https://github.com/Rust-for-Linux/linux/issues/354 [17]
Link: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/121202 [18]
Link: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/121237 [19]
Reviewed-by: Alice Ryhl <aliceryhl@google.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20240401212303.537355-4-ojeda@kernel.org
[ Added a few more details and links I mentioned in the list. - Miguel ]
Signed-off-by: Miguel Ojeda <ojeda@kernel.org>
2024-05-05 20:17:25 +02:00
arch EFI fixes for v6.9 #2 2024-03-24 13:54:06 -07:00
block vfs-6.9-rc1.fixes 2024-03-18 09:15:50 -07:00
certs
crypto RISC-V Patches for the 6.9 Merge Window 2024-03-22 10:41:13 -07:00
Documentation rust: upgrade to Rust 1.78.0 2024-05-05 20:17:25 +02:00
drivers EFI fixes for v6.9 #2 2024-03-24 13:54:06 -07:00
fs A patch to minimize blockage when processing very large batches of 2024-03-22 11:15:45 -07:00
include powerpc updates for 6.9 #2 2024-03-23 09:21:26 -07:00
init RISC-V Patches for the 6.9 Merge Window 2024-03-22 10:41:13 -07:00
io_uring io_uring/sqpoll: early exit thread if task_context wasn't allocated 2024-03-18 20:22:42 -06:00
ipc sysctl changes for v6.9-rc1 2024-03-18 14:59:13 -07:00
kernel dma-mapping fixes for Linux 6.9 2024-03-24 10:45:31 -07:00
lib hardening fixes for v6.9-rc1 2024-03-23 08:43:21 -07:00
LICENSES
mm RISC-V Patches for the 6.9 Merge Window 2024-03-22 10:41:13 -07:00
net Including fixes from CAN, netfilter, wireguard and IPsec. 2024-03-21 14:50:39 -07:00
rust rust: kernel: remove redundant imports 2024-05-05 19:22:25 +02:00
samples rust: sync: update Arc and UniqueArc to take allocation flags 2024-04-16 22:50:04 +02:00
scripts rust: upgrade to Rust 1.78.0 2024-05-05 20:17:25 +02:00
security - Kuan-Wei Chiu has developed the well-named series "lib min_heap: Min 2024-03-14 18:03:09 -07:00
sound sound fixes #2 for 6.9-rc2 2024-03-22 09:44:19 -07:00
tools RISC-V Patches for the 6.9 Merge Window 2024-03-22 10:41:13 -07:00
usr Kbuild updates for v6.8 2024-01-18 17:57:07 -08:00
virt KVM Xen and pfncache changes for 6.9: 2024-03-11 10:42:55 -04:00
.clang-format clang-format: Update with v6.7-rc4's for_each macro list 2023-12-08 23:54:38 +01:00
.cocciconfig
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.get_maintainer.ignore Add Jeff Kirsher to .get_maintainer.ignore 2024-03-08 11:36:54 +00:00
.gitattributes
.gitignore kbuild: create a list of all built DTB files 2024-02-19 18:20:39 +09:00
.mailmap Char/Misc and other driver subsystem updates for 6.9-rc1 2024-03-21 13:21:31 -07:00
.rustfmt.toml
COPYING
CREDITS Not a ton of stuff happening in the clk framework in this pull request. We got 2024-03-15 11:48:01 -07:00
Kbuild
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MAINTAINERS RISC-V Patches for the 6.9 Merge Window 2024-03-22 10:41:13 -07:00
Makefile Linux 6.9-rc1 2024-03-24 14:10:05 -07:00
README README: Fix spelling 2024-03-18 03:36:32 -06:00

README 

Linux kernel
============

There are several guides for kernel developers and users. These guides can
be rendered in a number of formats, like HTML and PDF. Please read
Documentation/admin-guide/README.rst first.

In order to build the documentation, use ``make htmldocs`` or
``make pdfdocs``.  The formatted documentation can also be read online at:

    https://www.kernel.org/doc/html/latest/

There are various text files in the Documentation/ subdirectory,
several of them using the reStructuredText markup notation.

Please read the Documentation/process/changes.rst file, as it contains the
requirements for building and running the kernel, and information about
the problems which may result by upgrading your kernel.