linux/mm/mprotect.c
Alistair Popple b756a3b5e7 mm: device exclusive memory access
Some devices require exclusive write access to shared virtual memory (SVM)
ranges to perform atomic operations on that memory.  This requires CPU
page tables to be updated to deny access whilst atomic operations are
occurring.

In order to do this introduce a new swap entry type
(SWP_DEVICE_EXCLUSIVE).  When a SVM range needs to be marked for exclusive
access by a device all page table mappings for the particular range are
replaced with device exclusive swap entries.  This causes any CPU access
to the page to result in a fault.

Faults are resovled by replacing the faulting entry with the original
mapping.  This results in MMU notifiers being called which a driver uses
to update access permissions such as revoking atomic access.  After
notifiers have been called the device will no longer have exclusive access
to the region.

Walking of the page tables to find the target pages is handled by
get_user_pages() rather than a direct page table walk.  A direct page
table walk similar to what migrate_vma_collect()/unmap() does could also
have been utilised.  However this resulted in more code similar in
functionality to what get_user_pages() provides as page faulting is
required to make the PTEs present and to break COW.

[dan.carpenter@oracle.com: fix signedness bug in make_device_exclusive_range()]
  Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/YNIz5NVnZ5GiZ3u1@mwanda

Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20210616105937.23201-8-apopple@nvidia.com
Signed-off-by: Alistair Popple <apopple@nvidia.com>
Signed-off-by: Dan Carpenter <dan.carpenter@oracle.com>
Reviewed-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Cc: Ben Skeggs <bskeggs@redhat.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Jason Gunthorpe <jgg@nvidia.com>
Cc: John Hubbard <jhubbard@nvidia.com>
Cc: "Matthew Wilcox (Oracle)" <willy@infradead.org>
Cc: Peter Xu <peterx@redhat.com>
Cc: Ralph Campbell <rcampbell@nvidia.com>
Cc: Shakeel Butt <shakeelb@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2021-07-01 11:06:03 -07:00

719 lines
18 KiB
C

// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
/*
* mm/mprotect.c
*
* (C) Copyright 1994 Linus Torvalds
* (C) Copyright 2002 Christoph Hellwig
*
* Address space accounting code <alan@lxorguk.ukuu.org.uk>
* (C) Copyright 2002 Red Hat Inc, All Rights Reserved
*/
#include <linux/pagewalk.h>
#include <linux/hugetlb.h>
#include <linux/shm.h>
#include <linux/mman.h>
#include <linux/fs.h>
#include <linux/highmem.h>
#include <linux/security.h>
#include <linux/mempolicy.h>
#include <linux/personality.h>
#include <linux/syscalls.h>
#include <linux/swap.h>
#include <linux/swapops.h>
#include <linux/mmu_notifier.h>
#include <linux/migrate.h>
#include <linux/perf_event.h>
#include <linux/pkeys.h>
#include <linux/ksm.h>
#include <linux/uaccess.h>
#include <linux/mm_inline.h>
#include <linux/pgtable.h>
#include <asm/cacheflush.h>
#include <asm/mmu_context.h>
#include <asm/tlbflush.h>
#include "internal.h"
static unsigned long change_pte_range(struct vm_area_struct *vma, pmd_t *pmd,
unsigned long addr, unsigned long end, pgprot_t newprot,
unsigned long cp_flags)
{
pte_t *pte, oldpte;
spinlock_t *ptl;
unsigned long pages = 0;
int target_node = NUMA_NO_NODE;
bool dirty_accountable = cp_flags & MM_CP_DIRTY_ACCT;
bool prot_numa = cp_flags & MM_CP_PROT_NUMA;
bool uffd_wp = cp_flags & MM_CP_UFFD_WP;
bool uffd_wp_resolve = cp_flags & MM_CP_UFFD_WP_RESOLVE;
/*
* Can be called with only the mmap_lock for reading by
* prot_numa so we must check the pmd isn't constantly
* changing from under us from pmd_none to pmd_trans_huge
* and/or the other way around.
*/
if (pmd_trans_unstable(pmd))
return 0;
/*
* The pmd points to a regular pte so the pmd can't change
* from under us even if the mmap_lock is only hold for
* reading.
*/
pte = pte_offset_map_lock(vma->vm_mm, pmd, addr, &ptl);
/* Get target node for single threaded private VMAs */
if (prot_numa && !(vma->vm_flags & VM_SHARED) &&
atomic_read(&vma->vm_mm->mm_users) == 1)
target_node = numa_node_id();
flush_tlb_batched_pending(vma->vm_mm);
arch_enter_lazy_mmu_mode();
do {
oldpte = *pte;
if (pte_present(oldpte)) {
pte_t ptent;
bool preserve_write = prot_numa && pte_write(oldpte);
/*
* Avoid trapping faults against the zero or KSM
* pages. See similar comment in change_huge_pmd.
*/
if (prot_numa) {
struct page *page;
/* Avoid TLB flush if possible */
if (pte_protnone(oldpte))
continue;
page = vm_normal_page(vma, addr, oldpte);
if (!page || PageKsm(page))
continue;
/* Also skip shared copy-on-write pages */
if (is_cow_mapping(vma->vm_flags) &&
page_mapcount(page) != 1)
continue;
/*
* While migration can move some dirty pages,
* it cannot move them all from MIGRATE_ASYNC
* context.
*/
if (page_is_file_lru(page) && PageDirty(page))
continue;
/*
* Don't mess with PTEs if page is already on the node
* a single-threaded process is running on.
*/
if (target_node == page_to_nid(page))
continue;
}
oldpte = ptep_modify_prot_start(vma, addr, pte);
ptent = pte_modify(oldpte, newprot);
if (preserve_write)
ptent = pte_mk_savedwrite(ptent);
if (uffd_wp) {
ptent = pte_wrprotect(ptent);
ptent = pte_mkuffd_wp(ptent);
} else if (uffd_wp_resolve) {
/*
* Leave the write bit to be handled
* by PF interrupt handler, then
* things like COW could be properly
* handled.
*/
ptent = pte_clear_uffd_wp(ptent);
}
/* Avoid taking write faults for known dirty pages */
if (dirty_accountable && pte_dirty(ptent) &&
(pte_soft_dirty(ptent) ||
!(vma->vm_flags & VM_SOFTDIRTY))) {
ptent = pte_mkwrite(ptent);
}
ptep_modify_prot_commit(vma, addr, pte, oldpte, ptent);
pages++;
} else if (is_swap_pte(oldpte)) {
swp_entry_t entry = pte_to_swp_entry(oldpte);
pte_t newpte;
if (is_writable_migration_entry(entry)) {
/*
* A protection check is difficult so
* just be safe and disable write
*/
entry = make_readable_migration_entry(
swp_offset(entry));
newpte = swp_entry_to_pte(entry);
if (pte_swp_soft_dirty(oldpte))
newpte = pte_swp_mksoft_dirty(newpte);
if (pte_swp_uffd_wp(oldpte))
newpte = pte_swp_mkuffd_wp(newpte);
} else if (is_writable_device_private_entry(entry)) {
/*
* We do not preserve soft-dirtiness. See
* copy_one_pte() for explanation.
*/
entry = make_readable_device_private_entry(
swp_offset(entry));
newpte = swp_entry_to_pte(entry);
if (pte_swp_uffd_wp(oldpte))
newpte = pte_swp_mkuffd_wp(newpte);
} else if (is_writable_device_exclusive_entry(entry)) {
entry = make_readable_device_exclusive_entry(
swp_offset(entry));
newpte = swp_entry_to_pte(entry);
if (pte_swp_soft_dirty(oldpte))
newpte = pte_swp_mksoft_dirty(newpte);
if (pte_swp_uffd_wp(oldpte))
newpte = pte_swp_mkuffd_wp(newpte);
} else {
newpte = oldpte;
}
if (uffd_wp)
newpte = pte_swp_mkuffd_wp(newpte);
else if (uffd_wp_resolve)
newpte = pte_swp_clear_uffd_wp(newpte);
if (!pte_same(oldpte, newpte)) {
set_pte_at(vma->vm_mm, addr, pte, newpte);
pages++;
}
}
} while (pte++, addr += PAGE_SIZE, addr != end);
arch_leave_lazy_mmu_mode();
pte_unmap_unlock(pte - 1, ptl);
return pages;
}
/*
* Used when setting automatic NUMA hinting protection where it is
* critical that a numa hinting PMD is not confused with a bad PMD.
*/
static inline int pmd_none_or_clear_bad_unless_trans_huge(pmd_t *pmd)
{
pmd_t pmdval = pmd_read_atomic(pmd);
/* See pmd_none_or_trans_huge_or_clear_bad for info on barrier */
#ifdef CONFIG_TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE
barrier();
#endif
if (pmd_none(pmdval))
return 1;
if (pmd_trans_huge(pmdval))
return 0;
if (unlikely(pmd_bad(pmdval))) {
pmd_clear_bad(pmd);
return 1;
}
return 0;
}
static inline unsigned long change_pmd_range(struct vm_area_struct *vma,
pud_t *pud, unsigned long addr, unsigned long end,
pgprot_t newprot, unsigned long cp_flags)
{
pmd_t *pmd;
unsigned long next;
unsigned long pages = 0;
unsigned long nr_huge_updates = 0;
struct mmu_notifier_range range;
range.start = 0;
pmd = pmd_offset(pud, addr);
do {
unsigned long this_pages;
next = pmd_addr_end(addr, end);
/*
* Automatic NUMA balancing walks the tables with mmap_lock
* held for read. It's possible a parallel update to occur
* between pmd_trans_huge() and a pmd_none_or_clear_bad()
* check leading to a false positive and clearing.
* Hence, it's necessary to atomically read the PMD value
* for all the checks.
*/
if (!is_swap_pmd(*pmd) && !pmd_devmap(*pmd) &&
pmd_none_or_clear_bad_unless_trans_huge(pmd))
goto next;
/* invoke the mmu notifier if the pmd is populated */
if (!range.start) {
mmu_notifier_range_init(&range,
MMU_NOTIFY_PROTECTION_VMA, 0,
vma, vma->vm_mm, addr, end);
mmu_notifier_invalidate_range_start(&range);
}
if (is_swap_pmd(*pmd) || pmd_trans_huge(*pmd) || pmd_devmap(*pmd)) {
if (next - addr != HPAGE_PMD_SIZE) {
__split_huge_pmd(vma, pmd, addr, false, NULL);
} else {
int nr_ptes = change_huge_pmd(vma, pmd, addr,
newprot, cp_flags);
if (nr_ptes) {
if (nr_ptes == HPAGE_PMD_NR) {
pages += HPAGE_PMD_NR;
nr_huge_updates++;
}
/* huge pmd was handled */
goto next;
}
}
/* fall through, the trans huge pmd just split */
}
this_pages = change_pte_range(vma, pmd, addr, next, newprot,
cp_flags);
pages += this_pages;
next:
cond_resched();
} while (pmd++, addr = next, addr != end);
if (range.start)
mmu_notifier_invalidate_range_end(&range);
if (nr_huge_updates)
count_vm_numa_events(NUMA_HUGE_PTE_UPDATES, nr_huge_updates);
return pages;
}
static inline unsigned long change_pud_range(struct vm_area_struct *vma,
p4d_t *p4d, unsigned long addr, unsigned long end,
pgprot_t newprot, unsigned long cp_flags)
{
pud_t *pud;
unsigned long next;
unsigned long pages = 0;
pud = pud_offset(p4d, addr);
do {
next = pud_addr_end(addr, end);
if (pud_none_or_clear_bad(pud))
continue;
pages += change_pmd_range(vma, pud, addr, next, newprot,
cp_flags);
} while (pud++, addr = next, addr != end);
return pages;
}
static inline unsigned long change_p4d_range(struct vm_area_struct *vma,
pgd_t *pgd, unsigned long addr, unsigned long end,
pgprot_t newprot, unsigned long cp_flags)
{
p4d_t *p4d;
unsigned long next;
unsigned long pages = 0;
p4d = p4d_offset(pgd, addr);
do {
next = p4d_addr_end(addr, end);
if (p4d_none_or_clear_bad(p4d))
continue;
pages += change_pud_range(vma, p4d, addr, next, newprot,
cp_flags);
} while (p4d++, addr = next, addr != end);
return pages;
}
static unsigned long change_protection_range(struct vm_area_struct *vma,
unsigned long addr, unsigned long end, pgprot_t newprot,
unsigned long cp_flags)
{
struct mm_struct *mm = vma->vm_mm;
pgd_t *pgd;
unsigned long next;
unsigned long start = addr;
unsigned long pages = 0;
BUG_ON(addr >= end);
pgd = pgd_offset(mm, addr);
flush_cache_range(vma, addr, end);
inc_tlb_flush_pending(mm);
do {
next = pgd_addr_end(addr, end);
if (pgd_none_or_clear_bad(pgd))
continue;
pages += change_p4d_range(vma, pgd, addr, next, newprot,
cp_flags);
} while (pgd++, addr = next, addr != end);
/* Only flush the TLB if we actually modified any entries: */
if (pages)
flush_tlb_range(vma, start, end);
dec_tlb_flush_pending(mm);
return pages;
}
unsigned long change_protection(struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsigned long start,
unsigned long end, pgprot_t newprot,
unsigned long cp_flags)
{
unsigned long pages;
BUG_ON((cp_flags & MM_CP_UFFD_WP_ALL) == MM_CP_UFFD_WP_ALL);
if (is_vm_hugetlb_page(vma))
pages = hugetlb_change_protection(vma, start, end, newprot);
else
pages = change_protection_range(vma, start, end, newprot,
cp_flags);
return pages;
}
static int prot_none_pte_entry(pte_t *pte, unsigned long addr,
unsigned long next, struct mm_walk *walk)
{
return pfn_modify_allowed(pte_pfn(*pte), *(pgprot_t *)(walk->private)) ?
0 : -EACCES;
}
static int prot_none_hugetlb_entry(pte_t *pte, unsigned long hmask,
unsigned long addr, unsigned long next,
struct mm_walk *walk)
{
return pfn_modify_allowed(pte_pfn(*pte), *(pgprot_t *)(walk->private)) ?
0 : -EACCES;
}
static int prot_none_test(unsigned long addr, unsigned long next,
struct mm_walk *walk)
{
return 0;
}
static const struct mm_walk_ops prot_none_walk_ops = {
.pte_entry = prot_none_pte_entry,
.hugetlb_entry = prot_none_hugetlb_entry,
.test_walk = prot_none_test,
};
int
mprotect_fixup(struct vm_area_struct *vma, struct vm_area_struct **pprev,
unsigned long start, unsigned long end, unsigned long newflags)
{
struct mm_struct *mm = vma->vm_mm;
unsigned long oldflags = vma->vm_flags;
long nrpages = (end - start) >> PAGE_SHIFT;
unsigned long charged = 0;
pgoff_t pgoff;
int error;
int dirty_accountable = 0;
if (newflags == oldflags) {
*pprev = vma;
return 0;
}
/*
* Do PROT_NONE PFN permission checks here when we can still
* bail out without undoing a lot of state. This is a rather
* uncommon case, so doesn't need to be very optimized.
*/
if (arch_has_pfn_modify_check() &&
(vma->vm_flags & (VM_PFNMAP|VM_MIXEDMAP)) &&
(newflags & VM_ACCESS_FLAGS) == 0) {
pgprot_t new_pgprot = vm_get_page_prot(newflags);
error = walk_page_range(current->mm, start, end,
&prot_none_walk_ops, &new_pgprot);
if (error)
return error;
}
/*
* If we make a private mapping writable we increase our commit;
* but (without finer accounting) cannot reduce our commit if we
* make it unwritable again. hugetlb mapping were accounted for
* even if read-only so there is no need to account for them here
*/
if (newflags & VM_WRITE) {
/* Check space limits when area turns into data. */
if (!may_expand_vm(mm, newflags, nrpages) &&
may_expand_vm(mm, oldflags, nrpages))
return -ENOMEM;
if (!(oldflags & (VM_ACCOUNT|VM_WRITE|VM_HUGETLB|
VM_SHARED|VM_NORESERVE))) {
charged = nrpages;
if (security_vm_enough_memory_mm(mm, charged))
return -ENOMEM;
newflags |= VM_ACCOUNT;
}
}
/*
* First try to merge with previous and/or next vma.
*/
pgoff = vma->vm_pgoff + ((start - vma->vm_start) >> PAGE_SHIFT);
*pprev = vma_merge(mm, *pprev, start, end, newflags,
vma->anon_vma, vma->vm_file, pgoff, vma_policy(vma),
vma->vm_userfaultfd_ctx);
if (*pprev) {
vma = *pprev;
VM_WARN_ON((vma->vm_flags ^ newflags) & ~VM_SOFTDIRTY);
goto success;
}
*pprev = vma;
if (start != vma->vm_start) {
error = split_vma(mm, vma, start, 1);
if (error)
goto fail;
}
if (end != vma->vm_end) {
error = split_vma(mm, vma, end, 0);
if (error)
goto fail;
}
success:
/*
* vm_flags and vm_page_prot are protected by the mmap_lock
* held in write mode.
*/
vma->vm_flags = newflags;
dirty_accountable = vma_wants_writenotify(vma, vma->vm_page_prot);
vma_set_page_prot(vma);
change_protection(vma, start, end, vma->vm_page_prot,
dirty_accountable ? MM_CP_DIRTY_ACCT : 0);
/*
* Private VM_LOCKED VMA becoming writable: trigger COW to avoid major
* fault on access.
*/
if ((oldflags & (VM_WRITE | VM_SHARED | VM_LOCKED)) == VM_LOCKED &&
(newflags & VM_WRITE)) {
populate_vma_page_range(vma, start, end, NULL);
}
vm_stat_account(mm, oldflags, -nrpages);
vm_stat_account(mm, newflags, nrpages);
perf_event_mmap(vma);
return 0;
fail:
vm_unacct_memory(charged);
return error;
}
/*
* pkey==-1 when doing a legacy mprotect()
*/
static int do_mprotect_pkey(unsigned long start, size_t len,
unsigned long prot, int pkey)
{
unsigned long nstart, end, tmp, reqprot;
struct vm_area_struct *vma, *prev;
int error = -EINVAL;
const int grows = prot & (PROT_GROWSDOWN|PROT_GROWSUP);
const bool rier = (current->personality & READ_IMPLIES_EXEC) &&
(prot & PROT_READ);
start = untagged_addr(start);
prot &= ~(PROT_GROWSDOWN|PROT_GROWSUP);
if (grows == (PROT_GROWSDOWN|PROT_GROWSUP)) /* can't be both */
return -EINVAL;
if (start & ~PAGE_MASK)
return -EINVAL;
if (!len)
return 0;
len = PAGE_ALIGN(len);
end = start + len;
if (end <= start)
return -ENOMEM;
if (!arch_validate_prot(prot, start))
return -EINVAL;
reqprot = prot;
if (mmap_write_lock_killable(current->mm))
return -EINTR;
/*
* If userspace did not allocate the pkey, do not let
* them use it here.
*/
error = -EINVAL;
if ((pkey != -1) && !mm_pkey_is_allocated(current->mm, pkey))
goto out;
vma = find_vma(current->mm, start);
error = -ENOMEM;
if (!vma)
goto out;
prev = vma->vm_prev;
if (unlikely(grows & PROT_GROWSDOWN)) {
if (vma->vm_start >= end)
goto out;
start = vma->vm_start;
error = -EINVAL;
if (!(vma->vm_flags & VM_GROWSDOWN))
goto out;
} else {
if (vma->vm_start > start)
goto out;
if (unlikely(grows & PROT_GROWSUP)) {
end = vma->vm_end;
error = -EINVAL;
if (!(vma->vm_flags & VM_GROWSUP))
goto out;
}
}
if (start > vma->vm_start)
prev = vma;
for (nstart = start ; ; ) {
unsigned long mask_off_old_flags;
unsigned long newflags;
int new_vma_pkey;
/* Here we know that vma->vm_start <= nstart < vma->vm_end. */
/* Does the application expect PROT_READ to imply PROT_EXEC */
if (rier && (vma->vm_flags & VM_MAYEXEC))
prot |= PROT_EXEC;
/*
* Each mprotect() call explicitly passes r/w/x permissions.
* If a permission is not passed to mprotect(), it must be
* cleared from the VMA.
*/
mask_off_old_flags = VM_READ | VM_WRITE | VM_EXEC |
VM_FLAGS_CLEAR;
new_vma_pkey = arch_override_mprotect_pkey(vma, prot, pkey);
newflags = calc_vm_prot_bits(prot, new_vma_pkey);
newflags |= (vma->vm_flags & ~mask_off_old_flags);
/* newflags >> 4 shift VM_MAY% in place of VM_% */
if ((newflags & ~(newflags >> 4)) & VM_ACCESS_FLAGS) {
error = -EACCES;
goto out;
}
/* Allow architectures to sanity-check the new flags */
if (!arch_validate_flags(newflags)) {
error = -EINVAL;
goto out;
}
error = security_file_mprotect(vma, reqprot, prot);
if (error)
goto out;
tmp = vma->vm_end;
if (tmp > end)
tmp = end;
if (vma->vm_ops && vma->vm_ops->mprotect) {
error = vma->vm_ops->mprotect(vma, nstart, tmp, newflags);
if (error)
goto out;
}
error = mprotect_fixup(vma, &prev, nstart, tmp, newflags);
if (error)
goto out;
nstart = tmp;
if (nstart < prev->vm_end)
nstart = prev->vm_end;
if (nstart >= end)
goto out;
vma = prev->vm_next;
if (!vma || vma->vm_start != nstart) {
error = -ENOMEM;
goto out;
}
prot = reqprot;
}
out:
mmap_write_unlock(current->mm);
return error;
}
SYSCALL_DEFINE3(mprotect, unsigned long, start, size_t, len,
unsigned long, prot)
{
return do_mprotect_pkey(start, len, prot, -1);
}
#ifdef CONFIG_ARCH_HAS_PKEYS
SYSCALL_DEFINE4(pkey_mprotect, unsigned long, start, size_t, len,
unsigned long, prot, int, pkey)
{
return do_mprotect_pkey(start, len, prot, pkey);
}
SYSCALL_DEFINE2(pkey_alloc, unsigned long, flags, unsigned long, init_val)
{
int pkey;
int ret;
/* No flags supported yet. */
if (flags)
return -EINVAL;
/* check for unsupported init values */
if (init_val & ~PKEY_ACCESS_MASK)
return -EINVAL;
mmap_write_lock(current->mm);
pkey = mm_pkey_alloc(current->mm);
ret = -ENOSPC;
if (pkey == -1)
goto out;
ret = arch_set_user_pkey_access(current, pkey, init_val);
if (ret) {
mm_pkey_free(current->mm, pkey);
goto out;
}
ret = pkey;
out:
mmap_write_unlock(current->mm);
return ret;
}
SYSCALL_DEFINE1(pkey_free, int, pkey)
{
int ret;
mmap_write_lock(current->mm);
ret = mm_pkey_free(current->mm, pkey);
mmap_write_unlock(current->mm);
/*
* We could provide warnings or errors if any VMA still
* has the pkey set here.
*/
return ret;
}
#endif /* CONFIG_ARCH_HAS_PKEYS */