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Mel Gorman 082f764a2f sched/fair: Do not migrate on wake_affine_weight() if weights are equal
wake_affine_weight() will consider migrating a task to, or near, the current
CPU if there is a load imbalance. If the CPUs share LLC then either CPU
is valid as a search-for-idle-sibling target and equally appropriate for
stacking two tasks on one CPU if an idle sibling is unavailable. If they do
not share cache then a cross-node migration potentially impacts locality
so while they are equal from a CPU capacity point of view, they are not
equal in terms of memory locality. In either case, it's more appropriate
to migrate only if there is a difference in their effective load.

This patch modifies wake_affine_weight() to only consider migrating a task
if there is a load imbalance for normal wakeups but will allow potential
stacking if the loads are equal and it's a sync wakeup.

For the most part, the different in performance is marginal. For example,
on a 4-socket server running netperf UDP_STREAM on localhost the differences
are as follows:

                                      4.15.0                 4.15.0
                                       16rc0          noequal-v1r23
 Hmean     send-64         355.47 (   0.00%)      349.50 (  -1.68%)
 Hmean     send-128        697.98 (   0.00%)      693.35 (  -0.66%)
 Hmean     send-256       1328.02 (   0.00%)     1318.77 (  -0.70%)
 Hmean     send-1024      5051.83 (   0.00%)     5051.11 (  -0.01%)
 Hmean     send-2048      9637.02 (   0.00%)     9601.34 (  -0.37%)
 Hmean     send-3312     14355.37 (   0.00%)    14414.51 (   0.41%)
 Hmean     send-4096     16464.97 (   0.00%)    16301.37 (  -0.99%)
 Hmean     send-8192     26722.42 (   0.00%)    26428.95 (  -1.10%)
 Hmean     send-16384    38137.81 (   0.00%)    38046.11 (  -0.24%)
 Hmean     recv-64         355.47 (   0.00%)      349.50 (  -1.68%)
 Hmean     recv-128        697.98 (   0.00%)      693.35 (  -0.66%)
 Hmean     recv-256       1328.02 (   0.00%)     1318.77 (  -0.70%)
 Hmean     recv-1024      5051.83 (   0.00%)     5051.11 (  -0.01%)
 Hmean     recv-2048      9636.95 (   0.00%)     9601.30 (  -0.37%)
 Hmean     recv-3312     14355.32 (   0.00%)    14414.48 (   0.41%)
 Hmean     recv-4096     16464.74 (   0.00%)    16301.16 (  -0.99%)
 Hmean     recv-8192     26721.63 (   0.00%)    26428.17 (  -1.10%)
 Hmean     recv-16384    38136.00 (   0.00%)    38044.88 (  -0.24%)
 Stddev    send-64           7.30 (   0.00%)        4.75 (  34.96%)
 Stddev    send-128         15.15 (   0.00%)       22.38 ( -47.66%)
 Stddev    send-256         13.99 (   0.00%)       19.14 ( -36.81%)
 Stddev    send-1024       105.73 (   0.00%)       67.38 (  36.27%)
 Stddev    send-2048       294.57 (   0.00%)      223.88 (  24.00%)
 Stddev    send-3312       302.28 (   0.00%)      271.74 (  10.10%)
 Stddev    send-4096       195.92 (   0.00%)      121.10 (  38.19%)
 Stddev    send-8192       399.71 (   0.00%)      563.77 ( -41.04%)
 Stddev    send-16384     1163.47 (   0.00%)     1103.68 (   5.14%)
 Stddev    recv-64           7.30 (   0.00%)        4.75 (  34.96%)
 Stddev    recv-128         15.15 (   0.00%)       22.38 ( -47.66%)
 Stddev    recv-256         13.99 (   0.00%)       19.14 ( -36.81%)
 Stddev    recv-1024       105.73 (   0.00%)       67.38 (  36.27%)
 Stddev    recv-2048       294.59 (   0.00%)      223.89 (  24.00%)
 Stddev    recv-3312       302.24 (   0.00%)      271.75 (  10.09%)
 Stddev    recv-4096       196.03 (   0.00%)      121.14 (  38.20%)
 Stddev    recv-8192       399.86 (   0.00%)      563.65 ( -40.96%)
 Stddev    recv-16384     1163.79 (   0.00%)     1103.86 (   5.15%)

The difference in overall performance is marginal but note that most
measurements are less variable. There were similar observations for other
netperf comparisons. hackbench with sockets or threads with processes or
threads showed minor difference with some reduction of migration. tbench
showed only marginal differences that were within the noise. dbench,
regardless of filesystem, showed minor differences all of which are
within noise. Multiple machines, both UMA and NUMA were tested without
any regressions showing up.

The biggest risk with a patch like this is affecting wakeup latencies.
However, the schbench load from Facebook which is very sensitive to wakeup
latency showed a mixed result with mostly improvements in wakeup latency:

                                      4.15.0                 4.15.0
                                       16rc0          noequal-v1r23
 Lat 50.00th-qrtle-1        38.00 (   0.00%)       38.00 (   0.00%)
 Lat 75.00th-qrtle-1        49.00 (   0.00%)       41.00 (  16.33%)
 Lat 90.00th-qrtle-1        52.00 (   0.00%)       50.00 (   3.85%)
 Lat 95.00th-qrtle-1        54.00 (   0.00%)       51.00 (   5.56%)
 Lat 99.00th-qrtle-1        63.00 (   0.00%)       60.00 (   4.76%)
 Lat 99.50th-qrtle-1        66.00 (   0.00%)       61.00 (   7.58%)
 Lat 99.90th-qrtle-1        78.00 (   0.00%)       65.00 (  16.67%)
 Lat 50.00th-qrtle-2        38.00 (   0.00%)       38.00 (   0.00%)
 Lat 75.00th-qrtle-2        42.00 (   0.00%)       43.00 (  -2.38%)
 Lat 90.00th-qrtle-2        46.00 (   0.00%)       48.00 (  -4.35%)
 Lat 95.00th-qrtle-2        49.00 (   0.00%)       50.00 (  -2.04%)
 Lat 99.00th-qrtle-2        55.00 (   0.00%)       57.00 (  -3.64%)
 Lat 99.50th-qrtle-2        58.00 (   0.00%)       60.00 (  -3.45%)
 Lat 99.90th-qrtle-2        65.00 (   0.00%)       68.00 (  -4.62%)
 Lat 50.00th-qrtle-4        41.00 (   0.00%)       41.00 (   0.00%)
 Lat 75.00th-qrtle-4        45.00 (   0.00%)       46.00 (  -2.22%)
 Lat 90.00th-qrtle-4        50.00 (   0.00%)       50.00 (   0.00%)
 Lat 95.00th-qrtle-4        54.00 (   0.00%)       53.00 (   1.85%)
 Lat 99.00th-qrtle-4        61.00 (   0.00%)       61.00 (   0.00%)
 Lat 99.50th-qrtle-4        65.00 (   0.00%)       64.00 (   1.54%)
 Lat 99.90th-qrtle-4        76.00 (   0.00%)       82.00 (  -7.89%)
 Lat 50.00th-qrtle-8        48.00 (   0.00%)       46.00 (   4.17%)
 Lat 75.00th-qrtle-8        55.00 (   0.00%)       54.00 (   1.82%)
 Lat 90.00th-qrtle-8        60.00 (   0.00%)       59.00 (   1.67%)
 Lat 95.00th-qrtle-8        63.00 (   0.00%)       63.00 (   0.00%)
 Lat 99.00th-qrtle-8        71.00 (   0.00%)       69.00 (   2.82%)
 Lat 99.50th-qrtle-8        74.00 (   0.00%)       73.00 (   1.35%)
 Lat 99.90th-qrtle-8        98.00 (   0.00%)       90.00 (   8.16%)
 Lat 50.00th-qrtle-16       56.00 (   0.00%)       55.00 (   1.79%)
 Lat 75.00th-qrtle-16       68.00 (   0.00%)       67.00 (   1.47%)
 Lat 90.00th-qrtle-16       77.00 (   0.00%)       78.00 (  -1.30%)
 Lat 95.00th-qrtle-16       82.00 (   0.00%)       84.00 (  -2.44%)
 Lat 99.00th-qrtle-16       90.00 (   0.00%)       93.00 (  -3.33%)
 Lat 99.50th-qrtle-16       93.00 (   0.00%)       97.00 (  -4.30%)
 Lat 99.90th-qrtle-16      110.00 (   0.00%)      110.00 (   0.00%)
 Lat 50.00th-qrtle-32       68.00 (   0.00%)       62.00 (   8.82%)
 Lat 75.00th-qrtle-32       90.00 (   0.00%)       83.00 (   7.78%)
 Lat 90.00th-qrtle-32      110.00 (   0.00%)      100.00 (   9.09%)
 Lat 95.00th-qrtle-32      122.00 (   0.00%)      111.00 (   9.02%)
 Lat 99.00th-qrtle-32      145.00 (   0.00%)      133.00 (   8.28%)
 Lat 99.50th-qrtle-32      154.00 (   0.00%)      143.00 (   7.14%)
 Lat 99.90th-qrtle-32     2316.00 (   0.00%)      515.00 (  77.76%)
 Lat 50.00th-qrtle-35       69.00 (   0.00%)       72.00 (  -4.35%)
 Lat 75.00th-qrtle-35       92.00 (   0.00%)       95.00 (  -3.26%)
 Lat 90.00th-qrtle-35      111.00 (   0.00%)      114.00 (  -2.70%)
 Lat 95.00th-qrtle-35      122.00 (   0.00%)      124.00 (  -1.64%)
 Lat 99.00th-qrtle-35      142.00 (   0.00%)      144.00 (  -1.41%)
 Lat 99.50th-qrtle-35      150.00 (   0.00%)      154.00 (  -2.67%)
 Lat 99.90th-qrtle-35     6104.00 (   0.00%)     5640.00 (   7.60%)

Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Giovanni Gherdovich <ggherdovich@suse.cz>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Matt Fleming <matt@codeblueprint.co.uk>
Cc: Mike Galbraith <efault@gmx.de>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20180213133730.24064-4-mgorman@techsingularity.net
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
2018-02-21 08:49:08 +01:00
arch Merge branch 'x86-urgent-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip 2018-02-18 12:56:41 -08:00
block blk: optimization for classic polling 2018-02-13 09:12:04 -07:00
certs License cleanup: add SPDX GPL-2.0 license identifier to files with no license 2017-11-02 11:10:55 +01:00
crypto Merge branch 'linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/herbert/crypto-2.6 2018-02-12 08:57:21 -08:00
Documentation ACPI updates for v4.16-rc2 2018-02-15 14:50:32 -08:00
drivers Merge branch 'irq-urgent-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip 2018-02-18 12:22:04 -08:00
firmware kbuild: remove all dummy assignments to obj- 2017-11-18 11:46:06 +09:00
fs for-4.16-rc1-tag 2018-02-16 09:26:18 -08:00
include Merge branch 'core-urgent-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip 2018-02-18 11:54:22 -08:00
init membarrier: Provide core serializing command, *_SYNC_CORE 2018-02-05 21:35:03 +01:00
ipc vfs: do bulk POLL* -> EPOLL* replacement 2018-02-11 14:34:03 -08:00
kernel sched/fair: Do not migrate on wake_affine_weight() if weights are equal 2018-02-21 08:49:08 +01:00
lib dma-direct: comment the dma_direct_free calling convention 2018-02-12 15:59:07 +00:00
LICENSES LICENSES: Add MPL-1.1 license 2018-01-06 10:59:44 -07:00
mm mm: hide a #warning for COMPILE_TEST 2018-02-16 09:41:36 -08:00
net virtio: bugfixes 2018-02-15 14:29:27 -08:00
samples sample/bpf: fix erspan metadata 2018-02-06 11:32:49 -05:00
scripts Kbuild updates for v4.16 (2nd) 2018-02-09 19:32:41 -08:00
security vfs: do bulk POLL* -> EPOLL* replacement 2018-02-11 14:34:03 -08:00
sound ALSA: hda/realtek: PCI quirk for Fujitsu U7x7 2018-02-14 12:02:26 +01:00
tools perf/core improvements and fixes: 2018-02-16 09:10:09 +01:00
usr initramfs: fix initramfs rebuilds w/ compression after disabling 2017-11-03 07:39:19 -07:00
virt vfs: do bulk POLL* -> EPOLL* replacement 2018-02-11 14:34:03 -08:00
.cocciconfig scripts: add Linux .cocciconfig for coccinelle 2016-07-22 12:13:39 +02:00
.get_maintainer.ignore
.gitattributes .gitattributes: set git diff driver for C source code files 2016-10-07 18:46:30 -07:00
.gitignore scripts/package: snap-pkg target 2017-12-13 00:00:18 +09:00
.mailmap mailmap: update Mark Yao's email address 2018-01-04 16:45:09 -08:00
COPYING
CREDITS MAINTAINERS: update TPM driver infrastructure changes 2017-11-09 17:58:40 -08:00
Kbuild Kbuild updates for v4.15 2017-11-17 17:45:29 -08:00
Kconfig License cleanup: add SPDX GPL-2.0 license identifier to files with no license 2017-11-02 11:10:55 +01:00
MAINTAINERS Merge branch 'x86-pti-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip 2018-02-14 17:02:15 -08:00
Makefile Linux 4.16-rc2 2018-02-18 17:29:42 -08:00
README README: add a new README file, pointing to the Documentation/ 2016-10-24 08:12:35 -02:00

Linux kernel
============

This file was moved to Documentation/admin-guide/README.rst

Please notice that there are several guides for kernel developers and users.
These guides can be rendered in a number of formats, like HTML and PDF.

In order to build the documentation, use ``make htmldocs`` or
``make pdfdocs``.

There are various text files in the Documentation/ subdirectory,
several of them using the Restructured Text markup notation.
See Documentation/00-INDEX for a list of what is contained in each file.

Please read the Documentation/process/changes.rst file, as it contains the
requirements for building and running the kernel, and information about
the problems which may result by upgrading your kernel.