Commit Graph

142 Commits

Author SHA1 Message Date
Matthew Wilcox
eff3860bbf radix tree: Don't return retry entries from lookup
Commit 66ee620f06 ("idr: Permit any valid kernel pointer to be stored")
changed the radix tree lookup so that it stops when reaching the bottom
of the tree.  However, the condition was added in the wrong place,
making it possible to return retry entries to the caller.  Reorder the
tests to check for the retry entry before checking whether we're at the
bottom of the tree.  The retry entry should never be found in the tree
root, so it's safe to defer the check until the end of the loop.

Add a regression test to the test-suite to be sure this doesn't come
back.

Fixes: 66ee620f06 ("idr: Permit any valid kernel pointer to be stored")
Reported-by: Greg Kurz <groug@kaod.org>
Signed-off-by: Matthew Wilcox <willy@infradead.org>
2018-12-06 08:26:16 -05:00
Matthew Wilcox
3a08cd52c3 radix tree: Remove multiorder support
All users have now been converted to the XArray.  Removing the support
reduces code size and ensures new users will use the XArray instead.

Signed-off-by: Matthew Wilcox <willy@infradead.org>
2018-10-21 10:46:48 -04:00
Matthew Wilcox
542980aa93 radix tree test: Convert multiorder tests to XArray
This is the last remaining user of the multiorder functionality of the
radix tree.  Test the XArray instead.

Signed-off-by: Matthew Wilcox <willy@infradead.org>
2018-10-21 10:46:48 -04:00
Matthew Wilcox
b66b5a48b8 radix tree tests: Convert item_delete_rcu to XArray
In preparation for the removal of the multiorder radix tree code,
convert item_delete_rcu() to use the XArray so it can still be called
for XArrays containing multi-index entries.

Signed-off-by: Matthew Wilcox <willy@infradead.org>
2018-10-21 10:46:48 -04:00
Matthew Wilcox
ccc89e30fa radix tree tests: Convert item_kill_tree to XArray
In preparation for the removal of the multiorder radix tree code,
convert item_kill_tree() to use the XArray so it can still be called
for XArrays containing multi-index entries.

Signed-off-by: Matthew Wilcox <willy@infradead.org>
2018-10-21 10:46:47 -04:00
Matthew Wilcox
4bb53bdda0 radix tree tests: Move item_insert_order
The remaining tests are not suitable for moving in-kernel, so move
item_insert_order() into multiorder.c, make it static and make it use
the XArray.

Signed-off-by: Matthew Wilcox <willy@infradead.org>
2018-10-21 10:46:47 -04:00
Matthew Wilcox
879a9ae7b5 radix tree test suite: Remove multiorder benchmarking
The multiorder radix tree code is being removed, so remove the
benchmarking of its performance.

Signed-off-by: Matthew Wilcox <willy@infradead.org>
2018-10-21 10:46:47 -04:00
Matthew Wilcox
9076b33d7d radix tree test suite: Remove __item_insert
Inline it into its one caller

Signed-off-by: Matthew Wilcox <willy@infradead.org>
2018-10-21 10:46:47 -04:00
Matthew Wilcox
4f06d6302d xarray: Move multiorder_check to in-kernel tests
This version is a little less thorough in order to be a little quicker,
but tests the important edge cases.  Also test adding a multiorder entry
at a non-canonical index, and erasing it.

Signed-off-by: Matthew Wilcox <willy@infradead.org>
2018-10-21 10:46:46 -04:00
Matthew Wilcox
93eb07f72c xarray: Move multiorder_shrink to kernel tests
Test this functionality inside the kernel as well as in userspace.
Also remove insert_bug() as there's no comparable thing to test
in the XArray code.

Signed-off-by: Matthew Wilcox <willy@infradead.org>
2018-10-21 10:46:46 -04:00
Matthew Wilcox
d6427f8179 xarray: Move multiorder account test in-kernel
Move this test to the in-kernel test suite, and enhance it to test
several different orders.

Signed-off-by: Matthew Wilcox <willy@infradead.org>
2018-10-21 10:46:46 -04:00
Matthew Wilcox
47e0fab2b1 radix tree test suite: Convert iteration test to XArray
With no code left in the kernel using the multiorder radix tree, convert
the iteration test from the radix tree to the XArray.  It's unlikely to
suffer the same bug as the radix tree, but this test will prevent that
bug from ever creeping into the XArray implementation.

Signed-off-by: Matthew Wilcox <willy@infradead.org>
2018-10-21 10:46:45 -04:00
Matthew Wilcox
372266ba02 radix tree test suite: Convert tag_tagged_items to XArray
The tag_tagged_items() function is supposed to test the page-writeback
tagging code.  Since that has been converted to the XArray, there's
not much point in testing the radix tree's tagging code.  This requires
using the pthread mutex embedded in the xarray instead of an external
lock, so remove the pthread mutexes which protect xarrays/radix trees.
Also remove radix_tree_iter_tag_set() as this was the last user.

Signed-off-by: Matthew Wilcox <willy@infradead.org>
2018-10-21 10:46:45 -04:00
Matthew Wilcox
adb9d9c4cc radix tree: Remove radix_tree_clear_tags
The page cache was the only user of this interface and it has now
been converted to the XArray.  Transform the test into a test of
xas_init_marks().

Signed-off-by: Matthew Wilcox <willy@infradead.org>
2018-10-21 10:46:45 -04:00
Matthew Wilcox
2956c6644b radix tree: Remove split/join code
radix_tree_split and radix_tree_join were never used upstream.  Remove
them; if they're needed in future they will be replaced by XArray
equivalents.

Signed-off-by: Matthew Wilcox <willy@infradead.org>
2018-10-21 10:46:44 -04:00
Matthew Wilcox
1cf56f9d67 radix tree: Remove radix_tree_update_node_t
The only user of this functionality was the workingset code, and it's
now been converted to the XArray.  Remove __radix_tree_delete_node()
entirely as it was also only used by the workingset code.

Signed-off-by: Matthew Wilcox <willy@infradead.org>
2018-10-21 10:46:44 -04:00
Matthew Wilcox
e21a29552f shmem: Convert find_swap_entry to XArray
This is a 1:1 conversion.  The major part of this patch is converting
the test framework from userspace to kernel space and mirroring the
algorithm now used in find_swap_entry().

Signed-off-by: Matthew Wilcox <willy@infradead.org>
2018-10-21 10:46:39 -04:00
Matthew Wilcox
a332125fc3 radix tree test suite: Convert regression1 to XArray
Now the page cache lookup is using the XArray, let's convert this
regression test from the radix tree API to the XArray so it's testing
roughly the same thing it was testing before.

Signed-off-by: Matthew Wilcox <willy@infradead.org>
2018-10-21 10:46:35 -04:00
Matthew Wilcox
3ece58a270 page cache: Convert find_get_pages_contig to XArray
There's no direct replacement for radix_tree_for_each_contig()
in the XArray API as it's an unusual thing to do.  Instead,
open-code a loop using xas_next().  This removes the only user of
radix_tree_for_each_contig() so delete the iterator from the API and
the test suite code for it.

Signed-off-by: Matthew Wilcox <willy@infradead.org>
2018-10-21 10:46:34 -04:00
Matthew Wilcox
f32f004cdd ida: Convert to XArray
Use the XA_TRACK_FREE ability to track which entries have a free bit,
similarly to how it uses the radix tree's IDR_FREE tag.  This eliminates
the per-cpu ida_bitmap preload, and fixes the memory consumption
regression I introduced when making the IDR able to store any pointer.

Signed-off-by: Matthew Wilcox <willy@infradead.org>
2018-10-21 10:46:33 -04:00
Matthew Wilcox
58d6ea3085 xarray: Add XArray unconditional store operations
xa_store() differs from radix_tree_insert() in that it will overwrite an
existing element in the array rather than returning an error.  This is
the behaviour which most users want, and those that want more complex
behaviour generally want to use the xas family of routines anyway.

For memory allocation, xa_store() will first attempt to request memory
from the slab allocator; if memory is not immediately available, it will
drop the xa_lock and allocate memory, keeping a pointer in the xa_state.
It does not use the per-CPU cache, although those will continue to exist
until all radix tree users are converted to the xarray.

This patch also includes xa_erase() and __xa_erase() for a streamlined
way to store NULL.  Since there is no need to allocate memory in order
to store a NULL in the XArray, we do not need to trouble the user with
deciding what memory allocation flags to use.

Signed-off-by: Matthew Wilcox <willy@infradead.org>
2018-10-21 10:45:57 -04:00
Matthew Wilcox
ad3d6c7263 xarray: Add XArray load operation
The xa_load function brings with it a lot of infrastructure; xa_empty(),
xa_is_err(), and large chunks of the XArray advanced API that are used
to implement xa_load.

As the test-suite demonstrates, it is possible to use the XArray functions
on a radix tree.  The radix tree functions depend on the GFP flags being
stored in the root of the tree, so it's not possible to use the radix
tree functions on an XArray.

Signed-off-by: Matthew Wilcox <willy@infradead.org>
2018-10-21 10:45:57 -04:00
Matthew Wilcox
01959dfe77 xarray: Define struct xa_node
This is a direct replacement for struct radix_tree_node.  A couple of
struct members have changed name, so convert those.  Use a #define so
that radix tree users continue to work without change.

Signed-off-by: Matthew Wilcox <willy@infradead.org>
Reviewed-by: Josef Bacik <jbacik@fb.com>
2018-10-21 10:45:56 -04:00
Matthew Wilcox
f8d5d0cc14 xarray: Add definition of struct xarray
This is a direct replacement for struct radix_tree_root.  Some of the
struct members have changed name; convert those, and use a #define so
that radix_tree users continue to work without change.

Signed-off-by: Matthew Wilcox <willy@infradead.org>
Reviewed-by: Josef Bacik <jbacik@fb.com>
2018-10-21 10:45:53 -04:00
Matthew Wilcox
02c02bf12c xarray: Change definition of sibling entries
Instead of storing a pointer to the slot containing the canonical entry,
store the offset of the slot.  Produces slightly more efficient code
(~300 bytes) and simplifies the implementation.

Signed-off-by: Matthew Wilcox <willy@infradead.org>
Reviewed-by: Josef Bacik <jbacik@fb.com>
2018-09-29 22:47:49 -04:00
Matthew Wilcox
3159f943aa xarray: Replace exceptional entries
Introduce xarray value entries and tagged pointers to replace radix
tree exceptional entries.  This is a slight change in encoding to allow
the use of an extra bit (we can now store BITS_PER_LONG - 1 bits in a
value entry).  It is also a change in emphasis; exceptional entries are
intimidating and different.  As the comment explains, you can choose
to store values or pointers in the xarray and they are both first-class
citizens.

Signed-off-by: Matthew Wilcox <willy@infradead.org>
Reviewed-by: Josef Bacik <jbacik@fb.com>
2018-09-29 22:47:49 -04:00
Matthew Wilcox
66ee620f06 idr: Permit any valid kernel pointer to be stored
An upcoming change to the encoding of internal entries will set the bottom
two bits to 0b10.  Unfortunately, m68k only aligns some data structures
to 2 bytes, so the IDR will interpret them as internal entries and things
will go badly wrong.

Change the radix tree so that it stops either when the node indicates
that it's the bottom of the tree (shift == 0) or when the entry is not an
internal entry.  This means we cannot insert an arbitrary kernel pointer
as a multiorder entry, but the IDR does not permit multiorder entries.

Annoyingly, this means the IDR can no longer take advantage of the radix
tree's ability to store a single entry at offset 0 without allocating
memory.  A pointer which is 2-byte aligned cannot be stored directly in
the root as it would be indistinguishable from a node, so we must allocate
a node in order to store a 2-byte pointer at index 0.  The idr_replace()
function does not take a GFP flags argument, so cannot allocate memory.
If a user inserts a 4-byte aligned pointer at index 0 and then replaces
it with a 2-byte aligned pointer, we must be able to store it.

Arbitrary pointer values are still not permitted; pointers of the
form 2 + (i * 4) for values of i between 0 and 1023 are reserved for
the implementation.  These are not valid kernel pointers as they would
point into the zero page.

This change does cause a runtime memory consumption regression for
the IDA.  I will recover that later.

Signed-off-by: Matthew Wilcox <willy@infradead.org>
Tested-by: Guenter Roeck <linux@roeck-us.net>
2018-09-29 22:47:48 -04:00
Matthew Wilcox
f272668deb test_ida: check_ida_destroy and check_ida_alloc
Move these tests from the userspace test-suite to the kernel test-suite.
Also convert check_ida_random to the new API.

Signed-off-by: Matthew Wilcox <willy@infradead.org>
2018-08-21 23:54:21 -04:00
Matthew Wilcox
5c78b0b1eb test_ida: Convert check_ida_conv to new API
Move as much as possible to kernel space; leave the parts in user space
that rely on checking memory allocation failures to detect the
transition between an exceptional entry and a bitmap.

Signed-off-by: Matthew Wilcox <willy@infradead.org>
2018-08-21 23:54:20 -04:00
Matthew Wilcox
161b47e31f test_ida: Move ida_check_max
Convert to new API and move to kernel space.

Signed-off-by: Matthew Wilcox <willy@infradead.org>
2018-08-21 23:54:20 -04:00
Matthew Wilcox
0a3856392c test_ida: Move ida_check_leaf
Convert to new API and move to kernel space.  Take the opportunity to
test the situation a little more thoroughly (ie at different offsets).

Signed-off-by: Matthew Wilcox <willy@infradead.org>
2018-08-21 23:54:20 -04:00
Matthew Wilcox
06b0111366 idr-test: Convert ida_check_nomem to new API
We can't move this test to kernel space because there's no way to
force kmalloc to fail.  But we can use the new API and check this
works when the test is in userspace.

Signed-off-by: Matthew Wilcox <willy@infradead.org>
2018-08-21 23:54:20 -04:00
Matthew Wilcox
8ab8ba38d4 ida: Start new test_ida module
Start transitioning the IDA tests into kernel space.  Framework heavily
cribbed from test_xarray.c.

Signed-off-by: Matthew Wilcox <willy@infradead.org>
2018-08-21 23:54:20 -04:00
Matthew Wilcox
d1c0d5e3c6 radix tree test suite: Enable ubsan
Add support for the undefined behaviour sanitizer and fix the bugs
that ubsan pointed out.  Nothing major, and all in the test suite,
not the code.

Signed-off-by: Matthew Wilcox <willy@infradead.org>
2018-08-21 23:31:20 -04:00
Matthew Wilcox
c9b933521a radix tree test suite: Fix compilation
An include of xarray.h was added to lib/idr.c without updating the test
suite.

Signed-off-by: Matthew Wilcox <willy@infradead.org>
2018-08-21 23:31:20 -04:00
Matthew Wilcox
7a4deea1aa idr: fix invalid ptr dereference on item delete
If the radix tree underlying the IDR happens to be full and we attempt
to remove an id which is larger than any id in the IDR, we will call
__radix_tree_delete() with an uninitialised 'slot' pointer, at which
point anything could happen.  This was easiest to hit with a single
entry at id 0 and attempting to remove a non-0 id, but it could have
happened with 64 entries and attempting to remove an id >= 64.

Roman said:

  The syzcaller test boils down to opening /dev/kvm, creating an
  eventfd, and calling a couple of KVM ioctls. None of this requires
  superuser. And the result is dereferencing an uninitialized pointer
  which is likely a crash. The specific path caught by syzbot is via
  KVM_HYPERV_EVENTD ioctl which is new in 4.17. But I guess there are
  other user-triggerable paths, so cc:stable is probably justified.

Matthew added:

  We have around 250 calls to idr_remove() in the kernel today. Many of
  them pass an ID which is embedded in the object they're removing, so
  they're safe. Picking a few likely candidates:

  drivers/firewire/core-cdev.c looks unsafe; the ID comes from an ioctl.
  drivers/gpu/drm/amd/amdgpu/amdgpu_ctx.c is similar
  drivers/atm/nicstar.c could be taken down by a handcrafted packet

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20180518175025.GD6361@bombadil.infradead.org
Fixes: 0a835c4f09 ("Reimplement IDR and IDA using the radix tree")
Reported-by: <syzbot+35666cba7f0a337e2e79@syzkaller.appspotmail.com>
Debugged-by: Roman Kagan <rkagan@virtuozzo.com>
Signed-off-by: Matthew Wilcox <mawilcox@microsoft.com>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2018-05-25 18:12:10 -07:00
Ross Zwisler
fd8f58c40b radix tree test suite: multi-order iteration race
Add a test which shows a race in the multi-order iteration code.  This
test reliably hits the race in under a second on my machine, and is the
result of a real bug report against kernel a production v4.15 based
kernel (4.15.6-300.fc27.x86_64).  With a real kernel this issue is hit
when using order 9 PMD DAX radix tree entries.

The race has to do with how we tear down multi-order sibling entries
when we are removing an item from the tree.  Remember that an order 2
entry looks like this:

  struct radix_tree_node.slots[] = [entry][sibling][sibling][sibling]

where 'entry' is in some slot in the struct radix_tree_node, and the
three slots following 'entry' contain sibling pointers which point back
to 'entry.'

When we delete 'entry' from the tree, we call :

  radix_tree_delete()
    radix_tree_delete_item()
      __radix_tree_delete()
        replace_slot()

replace_slot() first removes the siblings in order from the first to the
last, then at then replaces 'entry' with NULL.  This means that for a
brief period of time we end up with one or more of the siblings removed,
so:

  struct radix_tree_node.slots[] = [entry][NULL][sibling][sibling]

This causes an issue if you have a reader iterating over the slots in
the tree via radix_tree_for_each_slot() while only under
rcu_read_lock()/rcu_read_unlock() protection.  This is a common case in
mm/filemap.c.

The issue is that when __radix_tree_next_slot() => skip_siblings() tries
to skip over the sibling entries in the slots, it currently does so with
an exact match on the slot directly preceding our current slot.
Normally this works:

                                      V preceding slot
  struct radix_tree_node.slots[] = [entry][sibling][sibling][sibling]
                                              ^ current slot

This lets you find the first sibling, and you skip them all in order.

But in the case where one of the siblings is NULL, that slot is skipped
and then our sibling detection is interrupted:

                                             V preceding slot
  struct radix_tree_node.slots[] = [entry][NULL][sibling][sibling]
                                                    ^ current slot

This means that the sibling pointers aren't recognized since they point
all the way back to 'entry', so we think that they are normal internal
radix tree pointers.  This causes us to think we need to walk down to a
struct radix_tree_node starting at the address of 'entry'.

In a real running kernel this will crash the thread with a GP fault when
you try and dereference the slots in your broken node starting at
'entry'.

In the radix tree test suite this will be caught by the address
sanitizer:

  ==27063==ERROR: AddressSanitizer: heap-buffer-overflow on address
  0x60c0008ae400 at pc 0x00000040ce4f bp 0x7fa89b8fcad0 sp 0x7fa89b8fcac0
  READ of size 8 at 0x60c0008ae400 thread T3
      #0 0x40ce4e in __radix_tree_next_slot /home/rzwisler/project/linux/tools/testing/radix-tree/radix-tree.c:1660
      #1 0x4022cc in radix_tree_next_slot linux/../../../../include/linux/radix-tree.h:567
      #2 0x4022cc in iterator_func /home/rzwisler/project/linux/tools/testing/radix-tree/multiorder.c:655
      #3 0x7fa8a088d50a in start_thread (/lib64/libpthread.so.0+0x750a)
      #4 0x7fa8a03bd16e in clone (/lib64/libc.so.6+0xf516e)

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20180503192430.7582-5-ross.zwisler@linux.intel.com
Signed-off-by: Ross Zwisler <ross.zwisler@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Cc: CR, Sapthagirish <sapthagirish.cr@intel.com>
Cc: Dan Williams <dan.j.williams@intel.com>
Cc: Dave Chinner <david@fromorbit.com>
Cc: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Cc: Matthew Wilcox <willy@infradead.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2018-05-18 17:17:12 -07:00
Ross Zwisler
3e252fa7d4 radix tree test suite: add item_delete_rcu()
Currently the lifetime of "struct item" entries in the radix tree are
not controlled by RCU, but are instead deleted inline as they are
removed from the tree.

In the following patches we add a test which has threads iterating over
items pulled from the tree and verifying them in an
rcu_read_lock()/rcu_read_unlock() section.  This means that though an
item has been removed from the tree it could still be being worked on by
other threads until the RCU grace period expires.  So, we need to
actually free the "struct item" structures at the end of the grace
period, just as we do with "struct radix_tree_node" items.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20180503192430.7582-4-ross.zwisler@linux.intel.com
Signed-off-by: Ross Zwisler <ross.zwisler@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Cc: CR, Sapthagirish <sapthagirish.cr@intel.com>
Cc: Dan Williams <dan.j.williams@intel.com>
Cc: Dave Chinner <david@fromorbit.com>
Cc: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Cc: Matthew Wilcox <willy@infradead.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2018-05-18 17:17:12 -07:00
Ross Zwisler
8d9fa88edd radix tree test suite: fix mapshift build target
Commit c6ce3e2fe3 ("radix tree test suite: Add config option for map
shift") introduced a phony makefile target called 'mapshift' that ends
up generating the file generated/map-shift.h.  This phony target was
then added as a dependency of the top level 'targets' build target,
which is what is run when you go to tools/testing/radix-tree and just
type 'make'.

Unfortunately, this phony target doesn't actually work as a dependency,
so you end up getting:

  $ make
  make: *** No rule to make target 'generated/map-shift.h', needed by 'main.o'.  Stop.
  make: *** Waiting for unfinished jobs....

Fix this by making the file generated/map-shift.h our real makefile
target, and add this a dependency of the top level build target.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20180503192430.7582-2-ross.zwisler@linux.intel.com
Signed-off-by: Ross Zwisler <ross.zwisler@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Cc: CR, Sapthagirish <sapthagirish.cr@intel.com>
Cc: Dan Williams <dan.j.williams@intel.com>
Cc: Dave Chinner <david@fromorbit.com>
Cc: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Cc: Matthew Wilcox <willy@infradead.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2018-05-18 17:17:12 -07:00
Matthew Wilcox
fa290cda10 radix tree: use GFP_ZONEMASK bits of gfp_t for flags
Patch series "XArray", v9.  (First part thereof).

This patchset is, I believe, appropriate for merging for 4.17.  It
contains the XArray implementation, to eventually replace the radix
tree, and converts the page cache to use it.

This conversion keeps the radix tree and XArray data structures in sync
at all times.  That allows us to convert the page cache one function at
a time and should allow for easier bisection.  Other than renaming some
elements of the structures, the data structures are fundamentally
unchanged; a radix tree walk and an XArray walk will touch the same
number of cachelines.  I have changes planned to the XArray data
structure, but those will happen in future patches.

Improvements the XArray has over the radix tree:

 - The radix tree provides operations like other trees do; 'insert' and
   'delete'. But what most users really want is an automatically
   resizing array, and so it makes more sense to give users an API that
   is like an array -- 'load' and 'store'. We still have an 'insert'
   operation for users that really want that semantic.

 - The XArray considers locking as part of its API. This simplifies a
   lot of users who formerly had to manage their own locking just for
   the radix tree. It also improves code generation as we can now tell
   RCU that we're holding a lock and it doesn't need to generate as much
   fencing code. The other advantage is that tree nodes can be moved
   (not yet implemented).

 - GFP flags are now parameters to calls which may need to allocate
   memory. The radix tree forced users to decide what the allocation
   flags would be at creation time. It's much clearer to specify them at
   allocation time.

 - Memory is not preloaded; we don't tie up dozens of pages on the off
   chance that the slab allocator fails. Instead, we drop the lock,
   allocate a new node and retry the operation. We have to convert all
   the radix tree, IDA and IDR preload users before we can realise this
   benefit, but I have not yet found a user which cannot be converted.

 - The XArray provides a cmpxchg operation. The radix tree forces users
   to roll their own (and at least four have).

 - Iterators take a 'max' parameter. That simplifies many users and will
   reduce the amount of iteration done.

 - Iteration can proceed backwards. We only have one user for this, but
   since it's called as part of the pagefault readahead algorithm, that
   seemed worth mentioning.

 - RCU-protected pointers are not exposed as part of the API. There are
   some fun bugs where the page cache forgets to use rcu_dereference()
   in the current codebase.

 - Value entries gain an extra bit compared to radix tree exceptional
   entries. That gives us the extra bit we need to put huge page swap
   entries in the page cache.

 - Some iterators now take a 'filter' argument instead of having
   separate iterators for tagged/untagged iterations.

The page cache is improved by this:

 - Shorter, easier to read code

 - More efficient iterations

 - Reduction in size of struct address_space

 - Fewer walks from the top of the data structure; the XArray API
   encourages staying at the leaf node and conducting operations there.

This patch (of 8):

None of these bits may be used for slab allocations, so we can use them
as radix tree flags as long as we mask them off before passing them to
the slab allocator. Move the IDR flag from the high bits to the
GFP_ZONEMASK bits.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20180313132639.17387-3-willy@infradead.org
Signed-off-by: Matthew Wilcox <mawilcox@microsoft.com>
Acked-by: Jeff Layton <jlayton@kernel.org>
Cc: Darrick J. Wong <darrick.wong@oracle.com>
Cc: Dave Chinner <david@fromorbit.com>
Cc: Ryusuke Konishi <konishi.ryusuke@lab.ntt.co.jp>
Cc: Will Deacon <will.deacon@arm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2018-04-11 10:28:39 -07:00
Matthew Wilcox
4b0ad07653 idr: Fix handling of IDs above INT_MAX
Khalid reported that the kernel selftests are currently failing:

selftests: test_bpf.sh
========================================
test_bpf: [FAIL]
not ok 1..8 selftests:  test_bpf.sh [FAIL]

He bisected it to 6ce711f275 ("idr: Make
1-based IDRs more efficient").

The root cause is doing a signed comparison in idr_alloc_u32() instead
of an unsigned comparison.  I went looking for any similar problems and
found a couple (which would each result in the failure to warn in two
situations that aren't supposed to happen).

I knocked up a few test-cases to prove that I was right and added them
to the test-suite.

Reported-by: Khalid Aziz <khalid.aziz@oracle.com>
Tested-by: Khalid Aziz <khalid.aziz@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: Matthew Wilcox <mawilcox@microsoft.com>
2018-02-26 14:39:30 -05:00
Matthew Wilcox
3d4d5d6186 radix tree test suite: Fix build
- Add an empty linux/compiler_types.h (now being included by kconfig.h)
 - Add __GFP_ZERO
 - Add kzalloc
 - Test __GFP_DIRECT_RECLAIM instead of __GFP_NOWARN

Signed-off-by: Matthew Wilcox <mawilcox@microsoft.com>
2018-02-25 06:00:11 -05:00
Matthew Wilcox
6ce711f275 idr: Make 1-based IDRs more efficient
About 20% of the IDR users in the kernel want the allocated IDs to start
at 1.  The implementation currently searches all the way down the left
hand side of the tree, finds no free ID other than ID 0, walks all the
way back up, and then all the way down again.  This patch 'rebases' the
ID so we fill the entire radix tree, rather than leave a gap at 0.

Chris Wilson says: "I did the quick hack of allocating index 0 of the
idr and that eradicated idr_get_free() from being at the top of the
profiles for the many-object stress tests. This improvement will be
much appreciated."

Signed-off-by: Matthew Wilcox <mawilcox@microsoft.com>
2018-02-06 16:41:29 -05:00
Matthew Wilcox
460488c58c idr: Remove idr_alloc_ext
It has no more users, so remove it.  Move idr_alloc() back into idr.c,
move the guts of idr_alloc_cmn() into idr_alloc_u32(), remove the
wrappers around idr_get_free_cmn() and rename it to idr_get_free().
While there is now no interface to allocate IDs larger than a u32,
the IDR internals remain ready to handle a larger ID should a need arise.

These changes make it possible to provide the guarantee that, if the
nextid pointer points into the object, the object's ID will be initialised
before a concurrent lookup can find the object.

Signed-off-by: Matthew Wilcox <mawilcox@microsoft.com>
2018-02-06 16:41:28 -05:00
Matthew Wilcox
6e6d301490 IDR test suite: Check handling negative end correctly
One of the charming quirks of the idr_alloc() interface is that you
can pass a negative end and it will be interpreted as "maximum".  Ensure
we don't break that.

Signed-off-by: Matthew Wilcox <mawilcox@microsoft.com>
2018-02-06 15:07:20 -05:00
Matthew Wilcox
490645d027 idr test suite: Fix ida_test_random()
The test was checking the wrong errno; ida_get_new_above() returns
EAGAIN, not ENOMEM on memory allocation failure.  Double the number of
threads to increase the chance that we actually exercise this path
during the test suite (it was a bit sporadic before).

Signed-off-by: Matthew Wilcox <mawilcox@microsoft.com>
2018-02-06 15:07:20 -05:00
Matthew Wilcox
051803c0d0 radix tree test suite: Remove ARRAY_SIZE
This is now defined in tools/include/linux/kernel.h, so our
definition generates a warning.

Signed-off-by: Matthew Wilcox <mawilcox@microsoft.com>
2018-02-06 15:07:20 -05:00
Mel Gorman
c7df8ad291 mm, truncate: do not check mapping for every page being truncated
During truncation, the mapping has already been checked for shmem and
dax so it's known that workingset_update_node is required.

This patch avoids the checks on mapping for each page being truncated.
In all other cases, a lookup helper is used to determine if
workingset_update_node() needs to be called.  The one danger is that the
API is slightly harder to use as calling workingset_update_node directly
without checking for dax or shmem mappings could lead to surprises.
However, the API rarely needs to be used and hopefully the comment is
enough to give people the hint.

sparsetruncate (tiny)
                              4.14.0-rc4             4.14.0-rc4
                             oneirq-v1r1        pickhelper-v1r1
Min          Time      141.00 (   0.00%)      140.00 (   0.71%)
1st-qrtle    Time      142.00 (   0.00%)      141.00 (   0.70%)
2nd-qrtle    Time      142.00 (   0.00%)      142.00 (   0.00%)
3rd-qrtle    Time      143.00 (   0.00%)      143.00 (   0.00%)
Max-90%      Time      144.00 (   0.00%)      144.00 (   0.00%)
Max-95%      Time      147.00 (   0.00%)      145.00 (   1.36%)
Max-99%      Time      195.00 (   0.00%)      191.00 (   2.05%)
Max          Time      230.00 (   0.00%)      205.00 (  10.87%)
Amean        Time      144.37 (   0.00%)      143.82 (   0.38%)
Stddev       Time       10.44 (   0.00%)        9.00 (  13.74%)
Coeff        Time        7.23 (   0.00%)        6.26 (  13.41%)
Best99%Amean Time      143.72 (   0.00%)      143.34 (   0.26%)
Best95%Amean Time      142.37 (   0.00%)      142.00 (   0.26%)
Best90%Amean Time      142.19 (   0.00%)      141.85 (   0.24%)
Best75%Amean Time      141.92 (   0.00%)      141.58 (   0.24%)
Best50%Amean Time      141.69 (   0.00%)      141.31 (   0.27%)
Best25%Amean Time      141.38 (   0.00%)      140.97 (   0.29%)

As you'd expect, the gain is marginal but it can be detected.  The
differences in bonnie are all within the noise which is not surprising
given the impact on the microbenchmark.

radix_tree_update_node_t is a callback for some radix operations that
optionally passes in a private field.  The only user of the callback is
workingset_update_node and as it no longer requires a mapping, the
private field is removed.

Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20171018075952.10627-3-mgorman@techsingularity.net
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Acked-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Reviewed-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Dave Chinner <david@fromorbit.com>
Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@intel.com>
Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2017-11-15 18:21:06 -08:00
Greg Kroah-Hartman
b24413180f License cleanup: add SPDX GPL-2.0 license identifier to files with no license
Many source files in the tree are missing licensing information, which
makes it harder for compliance tools to determine the correct license.

By default all files without license information are under the default
license of the kernel, which is GPL version 2.

Update the files which contain no license information with the 'GPL-2.0'
SPDX license identifier.  The SPDX identifier is a legally binding
shorthand, which can be used instead of the full boiler plate text.

This patch is based on work done by Thomas Gleixner and Kate Stewart and
Philippe Ombredanne.

How this work was done:

Patches were generated and checked against linux-4.14-rc6 for a subset of
the use cases:
 - file had no licensing information it it.
 - file was a */uapi/* one with no licensing information in it,
 - file was a */uapi/* one with existing licensing information,

Further patches will be generated in subsequent months to fix up cases
where non-standard license headers were used, and references to license
had to be inferred by heuristics based on keywords.

The analysis to determine which SPDX License Identifier to be applied to
a file was done in a spreadsheet of side by side results from of the
output of two independent scanners (ScanCode & Windriver) producing SPDX
tag:value files created by Philippe Ombredanne.  Philippe prepared the
base worksheet, and did an initial spot review of a few 1000 files.

The 4.13 kernel was the starting point of the analysis with 60,537 files
assessed.  Kate Stewart did a file by file comparison of the scanner
results in the spreadsheet to determine which SPDX license identifier(s)
to be applied to the file. She confirmed any determination that was not
immediately clear with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.

Criteria used to select files for SPDX license identifier tagging was:
 - Files considered eligible had to be source code files.
 - Make and config files were included as candidates if they contained >5
   lines of source
 - File already had some variant of a license header in it (even if <5
   lines).

All documentation files were explicitly excluded.

The following heuristics were used to determine which SPDX license
identifiers to apply.

 - when both scanners couldn't find any license traces, file was
   considered to have no license information in it, and the top level
   COPYING file license applied.

   For non */uapi/* files that summary was:

   SPDX license identifier                            # files
   ---------------------------------------------------|-------
   GPL-2.0                                              11139

   and resulted in the first patch in this series.

   If that file was a */uapi/* path one, it was "GPL-2.0 WITH
   Linux-syscall-note" otherwise it was "GPL-2.0".  Results of that was:

   SPDX license identifier                            # files
   ---------------------------------------------------|-------
   GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note                        930

   and resulted in the second patch in this series.

 - if a file had some form of licensing information in it, and was one
   of the */uapi/* ones, it was denoted with the Linux-syscall-note if
   any GPL family license was found in the file or had no licensing in
   it (per prior point).  Results summary:

   SPDX license identifier                            # files
   ---------------------------------------------------|------
   GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note                       270
   GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note                      169
   ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-2-Clause)    21
   ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause)    17
   LGPL-2.1+ WITH Linux-syscall-note                      15
   GPL-1.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note                       14
   ((GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause)    5
   LGPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note                       4
   LGPL-2.1 WITH Linux-syscall-note                        3
   ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR MIT)              3
   ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) AND MIT)             1

   and that resulted in the third patch in this series.

 - when the two scanners agreed on the detected license(s), that became
   the concluded license(s).

 - when there was disagreement between the two scanners (one detected a
   license but the other didn't, or they both detected different
   licenses) a manual inspection of the file occurred.

 - In most cases a manual inspection of the information in the file
   resulted in a clear resolution of the license that should apply (and
   which scanner probably needed to revisit its heuristics).

 - When it was not immediately clear, the license identifier was
   confirmed with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.

 - If there was any question as to the appropriate license identifier,
   the file was flagged for further research and to be revisited later
   in time.

In total, over 70 hours of logged manual review was done on the
spreadsheet to determine the SPDX license identifiers to apply to the
source files by Kate, Philippe, Thomas and, in some cases, confirmation
by lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.

Kate also obtained a third independent scan of the 4.13 code base from
FOSSology, and compared selected files where the other two scanners
disagreed against that SPDX file, to see if there was new insights.  The
Windriver scanner is based on an older version of FOSSology in part, so
they are related.

Thomas did random spot checks in about 500 files from the spreadsheets
for the uapi headers and agreed with SPDX license identifier in the
files he inspected. For the non-uapi files Thomas did random spot checks
in about 15000 files.

In initial set of patches against 4.14-rc6, 3 files were found to have
copy/paste license identifier errors, and have been fixed to reflect the
correct identifier.

Additionally Philippe spent 10 hours this week doing a detailed manual
inspection and review of the 12,461 patched files from the initial patch
version early this week with:
 - a full scancode scan run, collecting the matched texts, detected
   license ids and scores
 - reviewing anything where there was a license detected (about 500+
   files) to ensure that the applied SPDX license was correct
 - reviewing anything where there was no detection but the patch license
   was not GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note to ensure that the applied
   SPDX license was correct

This produced a worksheet with 20 files needing minor correction.  This
worksheet was then exported into 3 different .csv files for the
different types of files to be modified.

These .csv files were then reviewed by Greg.  Thomas wrote a script to
parse the csv files and add the proper SPDX tag to the file, in the
format that the file expected.  This script was further refined by Greg
based on the output to detect more types of files automatically and to
distinguish between header and source .c files (which need different
comment types.)  Finally Greg ran the script using the .csv files to
generate the patches.

Reviewed-by: Kate Stewart <kstewart@linuxfoundation.org>
Reviewed-by: Philippe Ombredanne <pombredanne@nexb.com>
Reviewed-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
2017-11-02 11:10:55 +01:00
Matthew Wilcox
f0f3f2d0a3 radix tree test suite: Specify -m32 in LDFLAGS too
Michael's patch to use the default make rule for linking and the patch
from Rehas to use -m32 if building a 32-bit test-suite on a 64-bit
platform don't work well together.

Reported-by: Rehas Sachdeva <aquannie@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Matthew Wilcox <mawilcox@microsoft.com>
2017-03-07 13:18:24 -05:00