Pull perf changes from Ingo Molnar:
"Core kernel changes:
- One of the more interesting features in this cycle is the ability
to attach eBPF programs (user-defined, sandboxed bytecode executed
by the kernel) to kprobes.
This allows user-defined instrumentation on a live kernel image
that can never crash, hang or interfere with the kernel negatively.
(Right now it's limited to root-only, but in the future we might
allow unprivileged use as well.)
(Alexei Starovoitov)
- Another non-trivial feature is per event clockid support: this
allows, amongst other things, the selection of different clock
sources for event timestamps traced via perf.
This feature is sought by people who'd like to merge perf generated
events with external events that were measured with different
clocks:
- cluster wide profiling
- for system wide tracing with user-space events,
- JIT profiling events
etc. Matching perf tooling support is added as well, available via
the -k, --clockid <clockid> parameter to perf record et al.
(Peter Zijlstra)
Hardware enablement kernel changes:
- x86 Intel Processor Trace (PT) support: which is a hardware tracer
on steroids, available on Broadwell CPUs.
The hardware trace stream is directly output into the user-space
ring-buffer, using the 'AUX' data format extension that was added
to the perf core to support hardware constraints such as the
necessity to have the tracing buffer physically contiguous.
This patch-set was developed for two years and this is the result.
A simple way to make use of this is to use BTS tracing, the PT
driver emulates BTS output - available via the 'intel_bts' PMU.
More explicit PT specific tooling support is in the works as well -
will probably be ready by 4.2.
(Alexander Shishkin, Peter Zijlstra)
- x86 Intel Cache QoS Monitoring (CQM) support: this is a hardware
feature of Intel Xeon CPUs that allows the measurement and
allocation/partitioning of caches to individual workloads.
These kernel changes expose the measurement side as a new PMU
driver, which exposes various QoS related PMU events. (The
partitioning change is work in progress and is planned to be merged
as a cgroup extension.)
(Matt Fleming, Peter Zijlstra; CPU feature detection by Peter P
Waskiewicz Jr)
- x86 Intel Haswell LBR call stack support: this is a new Haswell
feature that allows the hardware recording of call chains, plus
tooling support. To activate this feature you have to enable it
via the new 'lbr' call-graph recording option:
perf record --call-graph lbr
perf report
or:
perf top --call-graph lbr
This hardware feature is a lot faster than stack walk or dwarf
based unwinding, but has some limitations:
- It reuses the current LBR facility, so LBR call stack and
branch record can not be enabled at the same time.
- It is only available for user-space callchains.
(Yan, Zheng)
- x86 Intel Broadwell CPU support and various event constraints and
event table fixes for earlier models.
(Andi Kleen)
- x86 Intel HT CPUs event scheduling workarounds. This is a complex
CPU bug affecting the SNB,IVB,HSW families that results in counter
value corruption. The mitigation code is automatically enabled and
is transparent.
(Maria Dimakopoulou, Stephane Eranian)
The perf tooling side had a ton of changes in this cycle as well, so
I'm only able to list the user visible changes here, in addition to
the tooling changes outlined above:
User visible changes affecting all tools:
- Improve support of compressed kernel modules (Jiri Olsa)
- Save DSO loading errno to better report errors (Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo)
- Bash completion for subcommands (Yunlong Song)
- Add 'I' event modifier for perf_event_attr.exclude_idle bit (Jiri Olsa)
- Support missing -f to override perf.data file ownership. (Yunlong Song)
- Show the first event with an invalid filter (David Ahern, Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo)
User visible changes in individual tools:
'perf data':
New tool for converting perf.data to other formats, initially
for the CTF (Common Trace Format) from LTTng (Jiri Olsa,
Sebastian Siewior)
'perf diff':
Add --kallsyms option (David Ahern)
'perf list':
Allow listing events with 'tracepoint' prefix (Yunlong Song)
Sort the output of the command (Yunlong Song)
'perf kmem':
Respect -i option (Jiri Olsa)
Print big numbers using thousands' group (Namhyung Kim)
Allow -v option (Namhyung Kim)
Fix alignment of slab result table (Namhyung Kim)
'perf probe':
Support multiple probes on different binaries on the same command line (Masami Hiramatsu)
Support unnamed union/structure members data collection. (Masami Hiramatsu)
Check kprobes blacklist when adding new events. (Masami Hiramatsu)
'perf record':
Teach 'perf record' about perf_event_attr.clockid (Peter Zijlstra)
Support recording running/enabled time (Andi Kleen)
'perf sched':
Improve the performance of 'perf sched replay' on high CPU core count machines (Yunlong Song)
'perf report' and 'perf top':
Allow annotating entries in callchains in the hists browser (Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo)
Indicate which callchain entries are annotated in the
TUI hists browser (Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo)
Add pid/tid filtering to 'report' and 'script' commands (David Ahern)
Consider PERF_RECORD_ events with cpumode == 0 in 'perf top', removing one
cause of long term memory usage buildup, i.e. not processing PERF_RECORD_EXIT
events (Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo)
'perf stat':
Report unsupported events properly (Suzuki K. Poulose)
Output running time and run/enabled ratio in CSV mode (Andi Kleen)
'perf trace':
Handle legacy syscalls tracepoints (David Ahern, Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo)
Only insert blank duration bracket when tracing syscalls (Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo)
Filter out the trace pid when no threads are specified (Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo)
Dump stack on segfaults (Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo)
No need to explicitely enable evsels for workload started from perf, let it
be enabled via perf_event_attr.enable_on_exec, removing some events that take
place in the 'perf trace' before a workload is really started by it.
(Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo)
Allow mixing with tracepoints and suppressing plain syscalls. (Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo)
There's also been a ton of infrastructure work done, such as the
split-out of perf's build system into tools/build/ and other changes -
see the shortlog and changelog for details"
* 'perf-core-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip: (358 commits)
perf/x86/intel/pt: Clean up the control flow in pt_pmu_hw_init()
perf evlist: Fix type for references to data_head/tail
perf probe: Check the orphaned -x option
perf probe: Support multiple probes on different binaries
perf buildid-list: Fix segfault when show DSOs with hits
perf tools: Fix cross-endian analysis
perf tools: Fix error path to do closedir() when synthesizing threads
perf tools: Fix synthesizing fork_event.ppid for non-main thread
perf tools: Add 'I' event modifier for exclude_idle bit
perf report: Don't call map__kmap if map is NULL.
perf tests: Fix attr tests
perf probe: Fix ARM 32 building error
perf tools: Merge all perf_event_attr print functions
perf record: Add clockid parameter
perf sched replay: Use replay_repeat to calculate the runavg of cpu usage instead of the default value 10
perf sched replay: Support using -f to override perf.data file ownership
perf sched replay: Fix the EMFILE error caused by the limitation of the maximum open files
perf sched replay: Handle the dead halt of sem_wait when create_tasks() fails for any task
perf sched replay: Fix the segmentation fault problem caused by pr_err in threads
perf sched replay: Realloc the memory of pid_to_task stepwise to adapt to the different pid_max configurations
...
of the TRACE_DEFINE_ENUM() macro that can be used by tracepoints.
Tracepoints have helper functions for the TP_printk() called
__print_symbolic() and __print_flags() that lets a numeric number be
displayed as a a human comprehensible text. What is placed in the
TP_printk() is also shown in the tracepoint format file such that
user space tools like perf and trace-cmd can parse the binary data
and express the values too. Unfortunately, the way the TRACE_EVENT()
macro works, anything placed in the TP_printk() will be shown pretty
much exactly as is. The problem arises when enums are used. That's
because unlike macros, enums will not be changed into their values
by the C pre-processor. Thus, the enum string is exported to the
format file, and this makes it useless for user space tools.
The TRACE_DEFINE_ENUM() solves this by converting the enum strings
in the TP_printk() format into their number, and that is what is
shown to user space. For example, the tracepoint tlb_flush currently
has this in its format file:
__print_symbolic(REC->reason,
{ TLB_FLUSH_ON_TASK_SWITCH, "flush on task switch" },
{ TLB_REMOTE_SHOOTDOWN, "remote shootdown" },
{ TLB_LOCAL_SHOOTDOWN, "local shootdown" },
{ TLB_LOCAL_MM_SHOOTDOWN, "local mm shootdown" })
After adding:
TRACE_DEFINE_ENUM(TLB_FLUSH_ON_TASK_SWITCH);
TRACE_DEFINE_ENUM(TLB_REMOTE_SHOOTDOWN);
TRACE_DEFINE_ENUM(TLB_LOCAL_SHOOTDOWN);
TRACE_DEFINE_ENUM(TLB_LOCAL_MM_SHOOTDOWN);
Its format file will contain this:
__print_symbolic(REC->reason,
{ 0, "flush on task switch" },
{ 1, "remote shootdown" },
{ 2, "local shootdown" },
{ 3, "local mm shootdown" })
-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----
Version: GnuPG v1
iQEcBAABAgAGBQJVLBTuAAoJEEjnJuOKh9ldjHMIALdRS755TXCZGOf0r7O2akOR
wMPeum7C+ae1mH+jCsJKUC0/jUfQKaMt/UxoHlipDgcGg8kD2jtGnGCw4Xlwvdsr
y4rFmcTRSl1mo0zDSsg6ujoupHlVYN0+JPjrd7S3cv/llJoY49zcanNLF7S2XLeM
dZCtWRLWYpBiWO68ai6AqJTnE/eGFIqBI048qb5Eg8dbK243SSeSIf9Ywhb+VsA+
aq6F7cWI/H6j4tbeza8tAN19dcwenDro5EfCDY8ARQHJu1f6Y3+DLf2imjkd6Aiu
JVAoGIjHIpI+djwCZC1u4gi4urjfOqYartrM3Q54tb3YWYqHeNqP2ASI2a4EpYk=
=Ixwt
-----END PGP SIGNATURE-----
Merge tag 'trace-v4.1' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/rostedt/linux-trace
Pull tracing updates from Steven Rostedt:
"Some clean ups and small fixes, but the biggest change is the addition
of the TRACE_DEFINE_ENUM() macro that can be used by tracepoints.
Tracepoints have helper functions for the TP_printk() called
__print_symbolic() and __print_flags() that lets a numeric number be
displayed as a a human comprehensible text. What is placed in the
TP_printk() is also shown in the tracepoint format file such that user
space tools like perf and trace-cmd can parse the binary data and
express the values too. Unfortunately, the way the TRACE_EVENT()
macro works, anything placed in the TP_printk() will be shown pretty
much exactly as is. The problem arises when enums are used. That's
because unlike macros, enums will not be changed into their values by
the C pre-processor. Thus, the enum string is exported to the format
file, and this makes it useless for user space tools.
The TRACE_DEFINE_ENUM() solves this by converting the enum strings in
the TP_printk() format into their number, and that is what is shown to
user space. For example, the tracepoint tlb_flush currently has this
in its format file:
__print_symbolic(REC->reason,
{ TLB_FLUSH_ON_TASK_SWITCH, "flush on task switch" },
{ TLB_REMOTE_SHOOTDOWN, "remote shootdown" },
{ TLB_LOCAL_SHOOTDOWN, "local shootdown" },
{ TLB_LOCAL_MM_SHOOTDOWN, "local mm shootdown" })
After adding:
TRACE_DEFINE_ENUM(TLB_FLUSH_ON_TASK_SWITCH);
TRACE_DEFINE_ENUM(TLB_REMOTE_SHOOTDOWN);
TRACE_DEFINE_ENUM(TLB_LOCAL_SHOOTDOWN);
TRACE_DEFINE_ENUM(TLB_LOCAL_MM_SHOOTDOWN);
Its format file will contain this:
__print_symbolic(REC->reason,
{ 0, "flush on task switch" },
{ 1, "remote shootdown" },
{ 2, "local shootdown" },
{ 3, "local mm shootdown" })"
* tag 'trace-v4.1' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/rostedt/linux-trace: (27 commits)
tracing: Add enum_map file to show enums that have been mapped
writeback: Export enums used by tracepoint to user space
v4l: Export enums used by tracepoints to user space
SUNRPC: Export enums in tracepoints to user space
mm: tracing: Export enums in tracepoints to user space
irq/tracing: Export enums in tracepoints to user space
f2fs: Export the enums in the tracepoints to userspace
net/9p/tracing: Export enums in tracepoints to userspace
x86/tlb/trace: Export enums in used by tlb_flush tracepoint
tracing/samples: Update the trace-event-sample.h with TRACE_DEFINE_ENUM()
tracing: Allow for modules to convert their enums to values
tracing: Add TRACE_DEFINE_ENUM() macro to map enums to their values
tracing: Update trace-event-sample with TRACE_SYSTEM_VAR documentation
tracing: Give system name a pointer
brcmsmac: Move each system tracepoints to their own header
iwlwifi: Move each system tracepoints to their own header
mac80211: Move message tracepoints to their own header
tracing: Add TRACE_SYSTEM_VAR to xhci-hcd
tracing: Add TRACE_SYSTEM_VAR to kvm-s390
tracing: Add TRACE_SYSTEM_VAR to intel-sst
...
Pull HID updates from Jiri Kosina:
- quite a few firmware fixes for RMI driver by Andrew Duggan
- huion and uclogic drivers have been substantially overlaping in
functionality laterly. This redundancy is fixed by hid-huion driver
being merged into hid-uclogic; work done by Benjamin Tissoires and
Nikolai Kondrashov
- i2c-hid now supports ACPI GPIO interrupts; patch from Mika Westerberg
- Some of the quirks, that got separated into individual drivers, have
historically had EXPERT dependency. As HID subsystem matured (as
well as the individual drivers), this made less and less sense. This
dependency is now being removed by patch from Jean Delvare
- Logitech lg4ff driver received a couple of improvements for mode
switching, by Michal Malý
- multitouch driver now supports clickpads, patches by Benjamin
Tissoires and Seth Forshee
- hid-sensor framework received a substantial update; namely support
for Custom and Generic pages is being added; work done by Srinivas
Pandruvada
- wacom driver received substantial update; it now supports
i2c-conntected devices (Mika Westerberg), Bamboo PADs are now
properly supported (Benjamin Tissoires), much improved battery
reporting (Jason Gerecke) and pen proximity cleanups (Ping Cheng)
- small assorted fixes and device ID additions
* 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/jikos/hid: (68 commits)
HID: sensor: Update document for custom sensor
HID: sensor: Custom and Generic sensor support
HID: debug: fix error handling in hid_debug_events_read()
Input - mt: Fix input_mt_get_slot_by_key
HID: logitech-hidpp: fix error return code
HID: wacom: Add support for Cintiq 13HD Touch
HID: logitech-hidpp: add a module parameter to keep firmware gestures
HID: usbhid: yet another mouse with ALWAYS_POLL
HID: usbhid: more mice with ALWAYS_POLL
HID: wacom: set stylus_in_proximity before checking touch_down
HID: wacom: use wacom_wac_finger_count_touches to set touch_down
HID: wacom: remove hardcoded WACOM_QUIRK_MULTI_INPUT
HID: pidff: effect can't be NULL
HID: add quirk for PIXART OEM mouse used by HP
HID: add HP OEM mouse to quirk ALWAYS_POLL
HID: wacom: ask for a in-prox report when it was missed
HID: hid-sensor-hub: Fix sparse warning
HID: hid-sensor-hub: fix attribute read for logical usage id
HID: plantronics: fix Kconfig default
HID: pidff: support more than one concurrent effect
...
Document the use of TRACE_DEFINE_ENUM() by adding enums to the
trace-event-sample.h and using this macro to convert them in the format
files.
Also update the comments and sho the use of __print_symbolic() and
__print_flags() as well as adding comments abount __print_array().
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20150403013802.220157513@goodmis.org
Reviewed-by: Masami Hiramatsu <masami.hiramatsu.pt@hitachi.com>
Tested-by: Masami Hiramatsu <masami.hiramatsu.pt@hitachi.com>
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Add documentation about TRACE_SYSTEM needing to be alpha-numeric or with
underscores, and that if it is not, then the use of TRACE_SYSTEM_VAR is
required to make something that is.
An example of this is shown in samples/trace_events/trace-events-sample.h
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20150403013802.220157513@goodmis.org
Reviewed-by: Masami Hiramatsu <masami.hiramatsu.pt@hitachi.com>
Tested-by: Masami Hiramatsu <masami.hiramatsu.pt@hitachi.com>
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Commit 608cd71a9c ("tc: bpf: generalize pedit action") has added the
possibility to mangle packet data to BPF programs in the tc pipeline.
This patch adds two helpers bpf_l3_csum_replace() and bpf_l4_csum_replace()
for fixing up the protocol checksums after the packet mangling.
It also adds 'flags' argument to bpf_skb_store_bytes() helper to avoid
unnecessary checksum recomputations when BPF programs adjusting l3/l4
checksums and documents all three helpers in uapi header.
Moreover, a sample program is added to show how BPF programs can make use
of the mangle and csum helpers.
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@plumgrid.com>
Acked-by: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
One BPF program attaches to kmem_cache_alloc_node() and
remembers all allocated objects in the map.
Another program attaches to kmem_cache_free() and deletes
corresponding object from the map.
User space walks the map every second and prints any objects
which are older than 1 second.
Usage:
$ sudo tracex4
Then start few long living processes. The 'tracex4' will print
something like this:
obj 0xffff880465928000 is 13sec old was allocated at ip ffffffff8105dc32
obj 0xffff88043181c280 is 13sec old was allocated at ip ffffffff8105dc32
obj 0xffff880465848000 is 8sec old was allocated at ip ffffffff8105dc32
obj 0xffff8804338bc280 is 15sec old was allocated at ip ffffffff8105dc32
$ addr2line -fispe vmlinux ffffffff8105dc32
do_fork at fork.c:1665
As soon as processes exit the memory is reclaimed and 'tracex4'
prints nothing.
Similar experiment can be done with the __kmalloc()/kfree() pair.
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@plumgrid.com>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@infradead.org>
Cc: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
Cc: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
Cc: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Cc: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@redhat.com>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Masami Hiramatsu <masami.hiramatsu.pt@hitachi.com>
Cc: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@kernel.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1427312966-8434-10-git-send-email-ast@plumgrid.com
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
BPF C program attaches to
blk_mq_start_request()/blk_update_request() kprobe events to
calculate IO latency.
For every completed block IO event it computes the time delta
in nsec and records in a histogram map:
map[log10(delta)*10]++
User space reads this histogram map every 2 seconds and prints
it as a 'heatmap' using gray shades of text terminal. Black
spaces have many events and white spaces have very few events.
Left most space is the smallest latency, right most space is
the largest latency in the range.
Usage:
$ sudo ./tracex3
and do 'sudo dd if=/dev/sda of=/dev/null' in other terminal.
Observe IO latencies and how different activity (like 'make
kernel') affects it.
Similar experiments can be done for network transmit latencies,
syscalls, etc.
'-t' flag prints the heatmap using normal ascii characters:
$ sudo ./tracex3 -t
heatmap of IO latency
# - many events with this latency
- few events
|1us |10us |100us |1ms |10ms |100ms |1s |10s
*ooo. *O.#. # 221
. *# . # 125
.. .o#*.. # 55
. . . . .#O # 37
.# # 175
.#*. # 37
# # 199
. . *#*. # 55
*#..* # 42
# # 266
...***Oo#*OO**o#* . # 629
# # 271
. .#o* o.*o* # 221
. . o* *#O.. # 50
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@plumgrid.com>
Cc: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@infradead.org>
Cc: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
Cc: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
Cc: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Cc: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@redhat.com>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Masami Hiramatsu <masami.hiramatsu.pt@hitachi.com>
Cc: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@kernel.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1427312966-8434-9-git-send-email-ast@plumgrid.com
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
this example has two probes in one C file that attach to
different kprove events and use two different maps.
1st probe is x64 specific equivalent of dropmon. It attaches to
kfree_skb, retrevies 'ip' address of kfree_skb() caller and
counts number of packet drops at that 'ip' address. User space
prints 'location - count' map every second.
2nd probe attaches to kprobe:sys_write and computes a histogram
of different write sizes
Usage:
$ sudo tracex2
location 0xffffffff81695995 count 1
location 0xffffffff816d0da9 count 2
location 0xffffffff81695995 count 2
location 0xffffffff816d0da9 count 2
location 0xffffffff81695995 count 3
location 0xffffffff816d0da9 count 2
557145+0 records in
557145+0 records out
285258240 bytes (285 MB) copied, 1.02379 s, 279 MB/s
syscall write() stats
byte_size : count distribution
1 -> 1 : 3 | |
2 -> 3 : 0 | |
4 -> 7 : 0 | |
8 -> 15 : 0 | |
16 -> 31 : 2 | |
32 -> 63 : 3 | |
64 -> 127 : 1 | |
128 -> 255 : 1 | |
256 -> 511 : 0 | |
512 -> 1023 : 1118968 |************************************* |
Ctrl-C at any time. Kernel will auto cleanup maps and programs
$ addr2line -ape ./bld_x64/vmlinux 0xffffffff81695995
0xffffffff816d0da9 0xffffffff81695995:
./bld_x64/../net/ipv4/icmp.c:1038 0xffffffff816d0da9:
./bld_x64/../net/unix/af_unix.c:1231
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@plumgrid.com>
Cc: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@infradead.org>
Cc: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
Cc: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
Cc: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Cc: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@redhat.com>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Masami Hiramatsu <masami.hiramatsu.pt@hitachi.com>
Cc: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@kernel.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1427312966-8434-8-git-send-email-ast@plumgrid.com
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
tracex1_kern.c - C program compiled into BPF.
It attaches to kprobe:netif_receive_skb()
When skb->dev->name == "lo", it prints sample debug message into
trace_pipe via bpf_trace_printk() helper function.
tracex1_user.c - corresponding user space component that:
- loads BPF program via bpf() syscall
- opens kprobes:netif_receive_skb event via perf_event_open()
syscall
- attaches the program to event via ioctl(event_fd,
PERF_EVENT_IOC_SET_BPF, prog_fd);
- prints from trace_pipe
Note, this BPF program is non-portable. It must be recompiled
with current kernel headers. kprobe is not a stable ABI and
BPF+kprobe scripts may no longer be meaningful when kernel
internals change.
No matter in what way the kernel changes, neither the kprobe,
nor the BPF program can ever crash or corrupt the kernel,
assuming the kprobes, perf and BPF subsystem has no bugs.
The verifier will detect that the program is using
bpf_trace_printk() and the kernel will print 'this is a DEBUG
kernel' warning banner, which means that bpf_trace_printk()
should be used for debugging of the BPF program only.
Usage:
$ sudo tracex1
ping-19826 [000] d.s2 63103.382648: : skb ffff880466b1ca00 len 84
ping-19826 [000] d.s2 63103.382684: : skb ffff880466b1d300 len 84
ping-19826 [000] d.s2 63104.382533: : skb ffff880466b1ca00 len 84
ping-19826 [000] d.s2 63104.382594: : skb ffff880466b1d300 len 84
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@plumgrid.com>
Cc: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@infradead.org>
Cc: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
Cc: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
Cc: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Cc: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@redhat.com>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Masami Hiramatsu <masami.hiramatsu.pt@hitachi.com>
Cc: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@kernel.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1427312966-8434-7-git-send-email-ast@plumgrid.com
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Rusty pointed out that the module license should be "GPL v2" to properly
match the notice at the top of the files, so make that change.
Reported-by: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Use kstrtoint function instead of sscanf and check for return values.
Signed-off-by: Rastislav Barlik <barlik@zoho.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
as a follow on to patch 70006af955 ("bpf: allow eBPF access skb fields")
this patch allows 'protocol' and 'vlan_tci' fields to be accessible
from extended BPF programs.
The usage of 'protocol', 'vlan_present' and 'vlan_tci' fields is the same as
corresponding SKF_AD_PROTOCOL, SKF_AD_VLAN_TAG_PRESENT and SKF_AD_VLAN_TAG
accesses in classic BPF.
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@plumgrid.com>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
- modify sockex1 example to count number of bytes in outgoing packets
- modify sockex2 example to count number of bytes and packets per flow
- add 4 stress tests that exercise 'skb->field' code path of verifier
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@plumgrid.com>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Makefile that can actually build the example, and allow selecting device to
work on.
Signed-off-by: Pavel Machek <pavel@ucw.cz>
Signed-off-by: Jiri Kosina <jkosina@suse.cz>
We need to export BPF_PSEUDO_MAP_FD to user space, as it's used in the
ELF BPF loader where instructions are being loaded that need map fixups.
An initial stage loads all maps into the kernel, and later on replaces
related instructions in the eBPF blob with BPF_PSEUDO_MAP_FD as source
register and the actual fd as immediate value.
The kernel verifier recognizes this keyword and replaces the map fd with
a real pointer internally.
Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
Acked-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@plumgrid.com>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Now that we have BPF_PROG_TYPE_SOCKET_FILTER up and running, we can
remove the test stubs which were added to get the verifier suite up.
We can just let the test cases probe under socket filter type instead.
In the fill/spill test case, we cannot (yet) access fields from the
context (skb), but we may adapt that test case in future.
Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
Acked-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@plumgrid.com>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Otherwise ^C stops the script, not just pktgen.
Signed-off-by: Ben Hutchings <ben.hutchings@codethink.co.uk>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
These scripts use the non-POSIX 'function' and 'local' keywords so
they won't work with every /bin/sh. We could drop 'function' as it is
a no-op, but 'local' makes for cleaner scripts. Require use of bash.
Signed-off-by: Ben Hutchings <ben.hutchings@codethink.co.uk>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
They all claimed to be two CPU examples using eth1, eth2 but
that is only true in one case!
Rob Jones pointed out spelling and grammar errors here, which I've
also corrected.
Cc: Rob Jones <rob.jones@codethink.co.uk>
Signed-off-by: Ben Hutchings <ben.hutchings@codethink.co.uk>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
This function is not used and wouldn't do anything useful as
pktgen does not have an 'inject' command.
Signed-off-by: Ben Hutchings <ben.hutchings@codethink.co.uk>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
These are Robert Olsson's samples which used to be available from
<ftp://robur.slu.se/pub/Linux/net-development/pktgen-testing/examples/>
but currently are not.
Change the documentation to refer to these consistently as 'sample
scripts', matching the directory name used here.
Cc: Robert Olsson <robert@herjulf.se>
Signed-off-by: Ben Hutchings <ben.hutchings@codethink.co.uk>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
o Several clean ups to the code
One such clean up was to convert to 64 bit time keeping, in the
ring buffer benchmark code.
o Adding of __print_array() helper macro for TRACE_EVENT()
o Updating the sample/trace_events/ to add samples of different ways to
make trace events. Lots of features have been added since the sample
code was made, and these features are mostly unknown. Developers
have been making their own hacks to do things that are already available.
o Performance improvements. Most notably, I found a performance bug where
a waiter that is waiting for a full page from the ring buffer will
see that a full page is not available, and go to sleep. The sched
event caused by it going to sleep would cause it to wake up again.
It would see that there was still not a full page, and go back to sleep
again, and that would wake it up again, until finally it would see a
full page. This change has been marked for stable.
Other improvements include removing global locks from fast paths.
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Merge tag 'trace-v3.20' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/rostedt/linux-trace
Pull tracing updates from Steven Rostedt:
"The updates included in this pull request for ftrace are:
o Several clean ups to the code
One such clean up was to convert to 64 bit time keeping, in the
ring buffer benchmark code.
o Adding of __print_array() helper macro for TRACE_EVENT()
o Updating the sample/trace_events/ to add samples of different ways
to make trace events. Lots of features have been added since the
sample code was made, and these features are mostly unknown.
Developers have been making their own hacks to do things that are
already available.
o Performance improvements. Most notably, I found a performance bug
where a waiter that is waiting for a full page from the ring buffer
will see that a full page is not available, and go to sleep. The
sched event caused by it going to sleep would cause it to wake up
again. It would see that there was still not a full page, and go
back to sleep again, and that would wake it up again, until finally
it would see a full page. This change has been marked for stable.
Other improvements include removing global locks from fast paths"
* tag 'trace-v3.20' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/rostedt/linux-trace:
ring-buffer: Do not wake up a splice waiter when page is not full
tracing: Fix unmapping loop in tracing_mark_write
tracing: Add samples of DECLARE_EVENT_CLASS() and DEFINE_EVENT()
tracing: Add TRACE_EVENT_FN example
tracing: Add TRACE_EVENT_CONDITION sample
tracing: Update the TRACE_EVENT fields available in the sample code
tracing: Separate out initializing top level dir from instances
tracing: Make tracing_init_dentry_tr() static
trace: Use 64-bit timekeeping
tracing: Add array printing helper
tracing: Remove newline from trace_printk warning banner
tracing: Use IS_ERR() check for return value of tracing_init_dentry()
tracing: Remove unneeded includes of debugfs.h and fs.h
tracing: Remove taking of trace_types_lock in pipe files
tracing: Add ref count to tracer for when they are being read by pipe
Pull live patching infrastructure from Jiri Kosina:
"Let me provide a bit of history first, before describing what is in
this pile.
Originally, there was kSplice as a standalone project that implemented
stop_machine()-based patching for the linux kernel. This project got
later acquired, and the current owner is providing live patching as a
proprietary service, without any intentions to have their
implementation merged.
Then, due to rising user/customer demand, both Red Hat and SUSE
started working on their own implementation (not knowing about each
other), and announced first versions roughly at the same time [1] [2].
The principle difference between the two solutions is how they are
making sure that the patching is performed in a consistent way when it
comes to different execution threads with respect to the semantic
nature of the change that is being introduced.
In a nutshell, kPatch is issuing stop_machine(), then looking at
stacks of all existing processess, and if it decides that the system
is in a state that can be patched safely, it proceeds insterting code
redirection machinery to the patched functions.
On the other hand, kGraft provides a per-thread consistency during one
single pass of a process through the kernel and performs a lazy
contignuous migration of threads from "unpatched" universe to the
"patched" one at safe checkpoints.
If interested in a more detailed discussion about the consistency
models and its possible combinations, please see the thread that
evolved around [3].
It pretty quickly became obvious to the interested parties that it's
absolutely impractical in this case to have several isolated solutions
for one task to co-exist in the kernel. During a dedicated Live
Kernel Patching track at LPC in Dusseldorf, all the interested parties
sat together and came up with a joint aproach that would work for both
distro vendors. Steven Rostedt took notes [4] from this meeting.
And the foundation for that aproach is what's present in this pull
request.
It provides a basic infrastructure for function "live patching" (i.e.
code redirection), including API for kernel modules containing the
actual patches, and API/ABI for userspace to be able to operate on the
patches (look up what patches are applied, enable/disable them, etc).
It's relatively simple and minimalistic, as it's making use of
existing kernel infrastructure (namely ftrace) as much as possible.
It's also self-contained, in a sense that it doesn't hook itself in
any other kernel subsystem (it doesn't even touch any other code).
It's now implemented for x86 only as a reference architecture, but
support for powerpc, s390 and arm is already in the works (adding
arch-specific support basically boils down to teaching ftrace about
regs-saving).
Once this common infrastructure gets merged, both Red Hat and SUSE
have agreed to immediately start porting their current solutions on
top of this, abandoning their out-of-tree code. The plan basically is
that each patch will be marked by flag(s) that would indicate which
consistency model it is willing to use (again, the details have been
sketched out already in the thread at [3]).
Before this happens, the current codebase can be used to patch a large
group of secruity/stability problems the patches for which are not too
complex (in a sense that they don't introduce non-trivial change of
function's return value semantics, they don't change layout of data
structures, etc) -- this corresponds to LEAVE_FUNCTION &&
SWITCH_FUNCTION semantics described at [3].
This tree has been in linux-next since December.
[1] https://lkml.org/lkml/2014/4/30/477
[2] https://lkml.org/lkml/2014/7/14/857
[3] https://lkml.org/lkml/2014/11/7/354
[4] http://linuxplumbersconf.org/2014/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/LPC2014_LivePatching.txt
[ The core code is introduced by the three commits authored by Seth
Jennings, which got a lot of changes incorporated during numerous
respins and reviews of the initial implementation. All the followup
commits have materialized only after public tree has been created,
so they were not folded into initial three commits so that the
public tree doesn't get rebased ]"
* 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/jikos/livepatching:
livepatch: add missing newline to error message
livepatch: rename config to CONFIG_LIVEPATCH
livepatch: fix uninitialized return value
livepatch: support for repatching a function
livepatch: enforce patch stacking semantics
livepatch: change ARCH_HAVE_LIVE_PATCHING to HAVE_LIVE_PATCHING
livepatch: fix deferred module patching order
livepatch: handle ancient compilers with more grace
livepatch: kconfig: use bool instead of boolean
livepatch: samples: fix usage example comments
livepatch: MAINTAINERS: add git tree location
livepatch: use FTRACE_OPS_FL_IPMODIFY
livepatch: move x86 specific ftrace handler code to arch/x86
livepatch: samples: add sample live patching module
livepatch: kernel: add support for live patching
livepatch: kernel: add TAINT_LIVEPATCH
Add to samples/trace_events/ the macros DECLARE_EVENT_CLASS() and
DEFINE_EVENT() and recommend using them over multiple TRACE_EVENT()
macros if the multiple events have the same format.
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
If a function should be called before a tracepoint is enabled
and/or after it is disabled, the TRACE_EVENT_FN() serves this
purpose. But it is not well documented. Having it as a sample would
help developers to know how to use it.
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
The sample code lacks an example of TRACE_EVENT_CONDITION, and it
has been expressed to me that this feature for TRACE_EVENT is not
well known and not used when it could be.
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
The sample code in samples/trace_events/ is extremely out of date and does
not show all the new fields that have been added since the sample code
was written. As most people are unaware of these new fields, adding sample
code and explanations of those fields should help out.
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Rename CONFIG_LIVE_PATCHING to CONFIG_LIVEPATCH to make the naming of
the config and the code more consistent.
Signed-off-by: Josh Poimboeuf <jpoimboe@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Jingoo Han <jg1.han@samsung.com>
Signed-off-by: Jiri Kosina <jkosina@suse.cz>
hash map is unordered, so get_next_key() iterator shouldn't
rely on particular order of elements. So relax this test.
Fixes: ffb65f27a1 ("bpf: add a testsuite for eBPF maps")
Reported-by: Michael Holzheu <holzheu@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@plumgrid.com>
Acked-by: Daniel Borkmann <dborkman@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Fix a few typos in the livepatch-sample.c usage example comments and add
some whitespace to make the comments a little more legible.
Reported-by: Udo Seidel <udoseidel@gmx.de>
Signed-off-by: Josh Poimboeuf <jpoimboe@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Jiri Kosina <jkosina@suse.cz>
sockex2_kern.c is purposefully large eBPF program in C.
llvm compiles ~200 lines of C code into ~300 eBPF instructions.
It's similar to __skb_flow_dissect() to demonstrate that complex packet parsing
can be done by eBPF.
Then it uses (struct flow_keys)->dst IP address (or hash of ipv6 dst) to keep
stats of number of packets per IP.
User space loads eBPF program, attaches it to loopback interface and prints
dest_ip->#packets stats every second.
Usage:
$sudo samples/bpf/sockex2
ip 127.0.0.1 count 19
ip 127.0.0.1 count 178115
ip 127.0.0.1 count 369437
ip 127.0.0.1 count 559841
ip 127.0.0.1 count 750539
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@plumgrid.com>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
this example does the same task as previous socket example
in assembler, but this one does it in C.
eBPF program in kernel does:
/* assume that packet is IPv4, load one byte of IP->proto */
int index = load_byte(skb, ETH_HLEN + offsetof(struct iphdr, protocol));
long *value;
value = bpf_map_lookup_elem(&my_map, &index);
if (value)
__sync_fetch_and_add(value, 1);
Corresponding user space reads map[tcp], map[udp], map[icmp]
and prints protocol stats every second
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@plumgrid.com>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
simple .o parser and loader using BPF syscall.
.o is a standard ELF generated by LLVM backend
It parses elf file compiled by llvm .c->.o
- parses 'maps' section and creates maps via BPF syscall
- parses 'license' section and passes it to syscall
- parses elf relocations for BPF maps and adjusts BPF_LD_IMM64 insns
by storing map_fd into insn->imm and marking such insns as BPF_PSEUDO_MAP_FD
- loads eBPF programs via BPF syscall
One ELF file can contain multiple BPF programs.
int load_bpf_file(char *path);
populates prog_fd[] and map_fd[] with FDs received from bpf syscall
bpf_helpers.h - helper functions available to eBPF programs written in C
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@plumgrid.com>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
this socket filter example does:
- creates arraymap in kernel with key 4 bytes and value 8 bytes
- loads eBPF program which assumes that packet is IPv4 and loads one byte of
IP->proto from the packet and uses it as a key in a map
r0 = skb->data[ETH_HLEN + offsetof(struct iphdr, protocol)];
*(u32*)(fp - 4) = r0;
value = bpf_map_lookup_elem(map_fd, fp - 4);
if (value)
(*(u64*)value) += 1;
- attaches this program to raw socket
- every second user space reads map[IPPROTO_TCP], map[IPPROTO_UDP], map[IPPROTO_ICMP]
to see how many packets of given protocol were seen on loopback interface
Usage:
$sudo samples/bpf/sock_example
TCP 0 UDP 0 ICMP 0 packets
TCP 187600 UDP 0 ICMP 4 packets
TCP 376504 UDP 0 ICMP 8 packets
TCP 563116 UDP 0 ICMP 12 packets
TCP 753144 UDP 0 ICMP 16 packets
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@plumgrid.com>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
proper types and function helpers are ready. Use them in verifier testsuite.
Remove temporary stubs
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@plumgrid.com>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
. check error conditions and sanity of hash and array map APIs
. check large maps (that kernel gracefully switches to vmalloc from kmalloc)
. check multi-process parallel access and stress test
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@plumgrid.com>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
- add a test specifically targeting verifier state pruning.
It checks state propagation between registers, storing that
state into stack and state pruning algorithm recognizing
equivalent stack and register states.
- add summary line to spot failures easier
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@plumgrid.com>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
while comparing for verifier state equivalency the comparison
was missing a check for uninitialized register.
Make sure it does so and add a testcase.
Fixes: f1bca824da ("bpf: add search pruning optimization to verifier")
Cc: Hannes Frederic Sowa <hannes@stressinduktion.org>
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@plumgrid.com>
Acked-by: Hannes Frederic Sowa <hannes@stressinduktion.org>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Pull networking updates from David Miller:
"Most notable changes in here:
1) By far the biggest accomplishment, thanks to a large range of
contributors, is the addition of multi-send for transmit. This is
the result of discussions back in Chicago, and the hard work of
several individuals.
Now, when the ->ndo_start_xmit() method of a driver sees
skb->xmit_more as true, it can choose to defer the doorbell
telling the driver to start processing the new TX queue entires.
skb->xmit_more means that the generic networking is guaranteed to
call the driver immediately with another SKB to send.
There is logic added to the qdisc layer to dequeue multiple
packets at a time, and the handling mis-predicted offloads in
software is now done with no locks held.
Finally, pktgen is extended to have a "burst" parameter that can
be used to test a multi-send implementation.
Several drivers have xmit_more support: i40e, igb, ixgbe, mlx4,
virtio_net
Adding support is almost trivial, so export more drivers to
support this optimization soon.
I want to thank, in no particular or implied order, Jesper
Dangaard Brouer, Eric Dumazet, Alexander Duyck, Tom Herbert, Jamal
Hadi Salim, John Fastabend, Florian Westphal, Daniel Borkmann,
David Tat, Hannes Frederic Sowa, and Rusty Russell.
2) PTP and timestamping support in bnx2x, from Michal Kalderon.
3) Allow adjusting the rx_copybreak threshold for a driver via
ethtool, and add rx_copybreak support to enic driver. From
Govindarajulu Varadarajan.
4) Significant enhancements to the generic PHY layer and the bcm7xxx
driver in particular (EEE support, auto power down, etc.) from
Florian Fainelli.
5) Allow raw buffers to be used for flow dissection, allowing drivers
to determine the optimal "linear pull" size for devices that DMA
into pools of pages. The objective is to get exactly the
necessary amount of headers into the linear SKB area pre-pulled,
but no more. The new interface drivers use is eth_get_headlen().
From WANG Cong, with driver conversions (several had their own
by-hand duplicated implementations) by Alexander Duyck and Eric
Dumazet.
6) Support checksumming more smoothly and efficiently for
encapsulations, and add "foo over UDP" facility. From Tom
Herbert.
7) Add Broadcom SF2 switch driver to DSA layer, from Florian
Fainelli.
8) eBPF now can load programs via a system call and has an extensive
testsuite. Alexei Starovoitov and Daniel Borkmann.
9) Major overhaul of the packet scheduler to use RCU in several major
areas such as the classifiers and rate estimators. From John
Fastabend.
10) Add driver for Intel FM10000 Ethernet Switch, from Alexander
Duyck.
11) Rearrange TCP_SKB_CB() to reduce cache line misses, from Eric
Dumazet.
12) Add Datacenter TCP congestion control algorithm support, From
Florian Westphal.
13) Reorganize sk_buff so that __copy_skb_header() is significantly
faster. From Eric Dumazet"
* git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/davem/net-next: (1558 commits)
netlabel: directly return netlbl_unlabel_genl_init()
net: add netdev_txq_bql_{enqueue, complete}_prefetchw() helpers
net: description of dma_cookie cause make xmldocs warning
cxgb4: clean up a type issue
cxgb4: potential shift wrapping bug
i40e: skb->xmit_more support
net: fs_enet: Add NAPI TX
net: fs_enet: Remove non NAPI RX
r8169:add support for RTL8168EP
net_sched: copy exts->type in tcf_exts_change()
wimax: convert printk to pr_foo()
af_unix: remove 0 assignment on static
ipv6: Do not warn for informational ICMP messages, regardless of type.
Update Intel Ethernet Driver maintainers list
bridge: Save frag_max_size between PRE_ROUTING and POST_ROUTING
tipc: fix bug in multicast congestion handling
net: better IFF_XMIT_DST_RELEASE support
net/mlx4_en: remove NETDEV_TX_BUSY
3c59x: fix bad split of cpu_to_le32(pci_map_single())
net: bcmgenet: fix Tx ring priority programming
...
add 4 extra tests to cover jump verification better
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@plumgrid.com>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
1.
the library includes a trivial set of BPF syscall wrappers:
int bpf_create_map(int key_size, int value_size, int max_entries);
int bpf_update_elem(int fd, void *key, void *value);
int bpf_lookup_elem(int fd, void *key, void *value);
int bpf_delete_elem(int fd, void *key);
int bpf_get_next_key(int fd, void *key, void *next_key);
int bpf_prog_load(enum bpf_prog_type prog_type,
const struct sock_filter_int *insns, int insn_len,
const char *license);
bpf_prog_load() stores verifier log into global bpf_log_buf[] array
and BPF_*() macros to build instructions
2.
test stubs configure eBPF infra with 'unspec' map and program types.
These are fake types used by user space testsuite only.
3.
verifier tests valid and invalid programs and expects predefined
error log messages from kernel.
40 tests so far.
$ sudo ./test_verifier
#0 add+sub+mul OK
#1 unreachable OK
#2 unreachable2 OK
#3 out of range jump OK
#4 out of range jump2 OK
#5 test1 ld_imm64 OK
...
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@plumgrid.com>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
In commit e80d666 "flagday: kill pt_regs argument of do_fork()", the
arguments to do_fork() changed.
The example code in jprobe_example.c was not updated to match, so the
arguments inside the jprobe handler do not match reality.
Fix it by updating the arguments to match do_fork(). While we're at it
use pr_info() for brevity, and print stack_start as well for interest.
Signed-off-by: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au>
Acked-by: Masami Hiramatsu <masami.hiramatsu.pt@hitachi.com>
Signed-off-by: Jiri Kosina <jkosina@suse.cz>
Strings should be copied with strlcpy instead of strncpy when they will
later be printed via %s. This guarantees that they terminate with a
NUL '\0' character and do not run pass the end of the allocated string.
This is only for sample code, but it should stil represent a good
role model.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/p/51C2E204.1080501@huawei.com
Signed-off-by: Zhao Hongjiang <zhaohongjiang@huawei.com>
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Currently the __field() macro in TRACE_EVENT is only good for primitive
values, such as integers and pointers, but it fails on complex data types
such as structures or unions. This is because the __field() macro
determines if the variable is signed or not with the test of:
(((type)(-1)) < (type)1)
Unfortunately, that fails when type is a structure.
Since trace events should support structures as fields a new macro
is created for such a case called __field_struct() which acts exactly
the same as __field() does but it does not do the signed type check
and just uses a constant false for that answer.
Cc: Tony Luck <tony.luck@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
In line with practice for module parameters, we're adding a build-time
check that sysfs files aren't world-writable.
Cc: Greg Kroah-Hartman <greg@kroah.com>
Signed-off-by: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>
The Makefile is designed to use the host toolchain so it may be unsafe
to build the tests if the kernel has been configured and built for
another architecture. This fixes a build problem when the kernel has
been configured and built for the MIPS architecture but the host is not
MIPS (cross-compiled). The MIPS syscalls are only defined if one of the
following is true:
1) _MIPS_SIM == _MIPS_SIM_ABI64
2) _MIPS_SIM == _MIPS_SIM_ABI32
3) _MIPS_SIM == _MIPS_SIM_NABI32
Of course, none of these make sense on a non-MIPS toolchain and the
following build problem occurs when building on a non-MIPS host.
linux/usr/include/linux/kexec.h:50: userspace cannot reference function or variable defined in the kernel
samples/seccomp/bpf-direct.c: In function `emulator':
samples/seccomp/bpf-direct.c:76:17: error: `__NR_write' undeclared (first use in this function)
Signed-off-by: Markos Chandras <markos.chandras@imgtec.com>
Reported-by: Paul Gortmaker <paul.gortmaker@windriver.com>
Cc: Ralf Baechle <ralf@linux-mips.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Previously, example_init() leaked a kset if any of the object creations
failed. This fixes the leak by calling kset_unregister() in the error
path.
Signed-off-by: Bjorn Helgaas <bhelgaas@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
This patch enhances the type safety for the kfifo API. It is now safe
to put const data into a non const FIFO and the API will now generate a
compiler warning when reading from the fifo where the destination
address is pointing to a const variable.
As a side effect the kfifo_put() does now expect the value of an element
instead a pointer to the element. This was suggested Russell King. It
make the handling of the kfifo_put easier since there is no need to
create a helper variable for getting the address of a pointer or to pass
integers of different sizes.
IMHO the API break is okay, since there are currently only six users of
kfifo_put().
The code is also cleaner by kicking out the "if (0)" expressions.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: coding-style fixes]
Signed-off-by: Stefani Seibold <stefani@seibold.net>
Cc: Russell King <rmk@arm.linux.org.uk>
Cc: Hauke Mehrtens <hauke@hauke-m.de>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Pull Tile arch updates from Chris Metcalf:
"These changes bring in a bunch of new functionality that has been
maintained internally at Tilera over the last year, plus other stray
bits of work that I've taken into the tile tree from other folks.
The changes include some PCI root complex work, interrupt-driven
console support, support for performing fast-path unaligned data
fixups by kernel-based JIT code generation, CONFIG_PREEMPT support,
vDSO support for gettimeofday(), a serial driver for the tilegx
on-chip UART, KGDB support, more optimized string routines, support
for ftrace and kprobes, improved ASLR, and many bug fixes.
We also remove support for the old TILE64 chip, which is no longer
buildable"
* git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/cmetcalf/linux-tile: (85 commits)
tile: refresh tile defconfig files
tile: rework <asm/cmpxchg.h>
tile PCI RC: make default consistent DMA mask 32-bit
tile: add null check for kzalloc in tile/kernel/setup.c
tile: make __write_once a synonym for __read_mostly
tile: remove support for TILE64
tile: use asm-generic/bitops/builtin-*.h
tile: eliminate no-op "noatomichash" boot argument
tile: use standard tile_bundle_bits type in traps.c
tile: simplify code referencing hypervisor API addresses
tile: change <asm/system.h> to <asm/switch_to.h> in comments
tile: mark pcibios_init() as __init
tile: check for correct compiler earlier in asm-offsets.c
tile: use standard 'generic-y' model for <asm/hw_irq.h>
tile: use asm-generic version of <asm/local64.h>
tile PCI RC: add comment about "PCI hole" problem
tile: remove DEBUG_EXTRA_FLAGS kernel config option
tile: add virt_to_kpte() API and clean up and document behavior
tile: support FRAME_POINTER
tile: support reporting Tilera hypervisor statistics
...
This extends the uhid example client. It properly documents the built-in
report-descriptor an adds explicit report-numbers.
Furthermore, LED output reports are added to utilize the new UHID output
reports of the kernel. Support for 3 basic LEDs is added and a small
report-parser to print debug messages if output reports were received.
To test this, simply write the EV_LED+LED_CAPSL+1 event to the evdev
device-node of the uhid-device and the kernel will forward it to your uhid
client.
Signed-off-by: David Herrmann <dh.herrmann@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Jiri Kosina <jkosina@suse.cz>
This change includes support for Kprobes, Jprobes and Return Probes.
Reviewed-by: Masami Hiramatsu <masami.hiramatsu.pt@hitachi.com>
Signed-off-by: Tony Lu <zlu@tilera.com>
Signed-off-by: Chris Metcalf <cmetcalf@tilera.com>
To fix:
# Untracked files:
# (use "git add <file>..." to include in what will be committed)
#
# samples/hidraw/hid-example
as seen in git status output after an allyesconfig build.
Signed-off-by: Paul Gortmaker <paul.gortmaker@windriver.com>
Signed-off-by: Jiri Kosina <jkosina@suse.cz>
Put a warning into sample hidraw code in samples/hidraw/hid-example.c
in case the userspace headers are missing the necessary defines and
need to be updated.
Signed-off-by: Jiri Kosina <jkosina@suse.cz>
Pull perf changes from Ingo Molnar:
"There are lots of improvements, the biggest changes are:
Main kernel side changes:
- Improve uprobes performance by adding 'pre-filtering' support, by
Oleg Nesterov.
- Make some POWER7 events available in sysfs, equivalent to what was
done on x86, from Sukadev Bhattiprolu.
- tracing updates by Steve Rostedt - mostly misc fixes and smaller
improvements.
- Use perf/event tracing to report PCI Express advanced errors, by
Tony Luck.
- Enable northbridge performance counters on AMD family 15h, by Jacob
Shin.
- This tracing commit:
tracing: Remove the extra 4 bytes of padding in events
changes the ABI. All involved parties (PowerTop in particular)
seem to agree that it's safe to do now with the introduction of
libtraceevent, but the devil is in the details ...
Main tooling side changes:
- Add 'event group view', from Namyung Kim:
To use it, 'perf record' should group events when recording. And
then perf report parses the saved group relation from file header
and prints them together if --group option is provided. You can
use the 'perf evlist' command to see event group information:
$ perf record -e '{ref-cycles,cycles}' noploop 1
[ perf record: Woken up 2 times to write data ]
[ perf record: Captured and wrote 0.385 MB perf.data (~16807 samples) ]
$ perf evlist --group
{ref-cycles,cycles}
With this example, default perf report will show you each event
separately.
You can use --group option to enable event group view:
$ perf report --group
...
# group: {ref-cycles,cycles}
# ========
# Samples: 7K of event 'anon group { ref-cycles, cycles }'
# Event count (approx.): 6876107743
#
# Overhead Command Shared Object Symbol
# ................ ....... ................. ..........................
99.84% 99.76% noploop noploop [.] main
0.07% 0.00% noploop ld-2.15.so [.] strcmp
0.03% 0.00% noploop [kernel.kallsyms] [k] timerqueue_del
0.03% 0.03% noploop [kernel.kallsyms] [k] sched_clock_cpu
0.02% 0.00% noploop [kernel.kallsyms] [k] account_user_time
0.01% 0.00% noploop [kernel.kallsyms] [k] __alloc_pages_nodemask
0.00% 0.00% noploop [kernel.kallsyms] [k] native_write_msr_safe
0.00% 0.11% noploop [kernel.kallsyms] [k] _raw_spin_lock
0.00% 0.06% noploop [kernel.kallsyms] [k] find_get_page
0.00% 0.02% noploop [kernel.kallsyms] [k] rcu_check_callbacks
0.00% 0.02% noploop [kernel.kallsyms] [k] __current_kernel_time
As you can see the Overhead column now contains both of ref-cycles
and cycles and header line shows group information also - 'anon
group { ref-cycles, cycles }'. The output is sorted by period of
group leader first.
- Initial GTK+ annotate browser, from Namhyung Kim.
- Add option for runtime switching perf data file in perf report,
just press 's' and a menu with the valid files found in the current
directory will be presented, from Feng Tang.
- Add support to display whole group data for raw columns, from Jiri
Olsa.
- Add per processor socket count aggregation in perf stat, from
Stephane Eranian.
- Add interval printing in 'perf stat', from Stephane Eranian.
- 'perf test' improvements
- Add support for wildcards in tracepoint system name, from Jiri
Olsa.
- Add anonymous huge page recognition, from Joshua Zhu.
- perf build-id cache now can show DSOs present in a perf.data file
that are not in the cache, to integrate with build-id servers being
put in place by organizations such as Fedora.
- perf top now shares more of the evsel config/creation routines with
'record', paving the way for further integration like 'top'
snapshots, etc.
- perf top now supports DWARF callchains.
- Fix mmap limitations on 32-bit, fix from David Miller.
- 'perf bench numa mem' NUMA performance measurement suite
- ... and lots of fixes, performance improvements, cleanups and other
improvements I failed to list - see the shortlog and git log for
details."
* 'perf-core-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip: (270 commits)
perf/x86/amd: Enable northbridge performance counters on AMD family 15h
perf/hwbp: Fix cleanup in case of kzalloc failure
perf tools: Fix build with bison 2.3 and older.
perf tools: Limit unwind support to x86 archs
perf annotate: Make it to be able to skip unannotatable symbols
perf gtk/annotate: Fail early if it can't annotate
perf gtk/annotate: Show source lines with gray color
perf gtk/annotate: Support multiple event annotation
perf ui/gtk: Implement basic GTK2 annotation browser
perf annotate: Fix warning message on a missing vmlinux
perf buildid-cache: Add --update option
uprobes/perf: Avoid uprobe_apply() whenever possible
uprobes/perf: Teach trace_uprobe/perf code to use UPROBE_HANDLER_REMOVE
uprobes/perf: Teach trace_uprobe/perf code to pre-filter
uprobes/perf: Teach trace_uprobe/perf code to track the active perf_event's
uprobes: Introduce uprobe_apply()
perf: Introduce hw_perf_event->tp_target and ->tp_list
uprobes/perf: Always increment trace_uprobe->nhit
uprobes/tracing: Kill uprobe_trace_consumer, embed uprobe_consumer into trace_uprobe
uprobes/tracing: Introduce is_trace_uprobe_enabled()
...
The seccomp filters are currently built for the build host, not for the
machine that they are going to run on, but they are also built for with
the -m32 flag if the kernel is built for a 32 bit machine, both of which
seems rather odd.
It broke allyesconfig on my machine, which is x86-64, but building for
32 bit ARM, with this error message:
In file included from /usr/include/stdio.h:28:0,
from samples/seccomp/bpf-fancy.c:15:
/usr/include/features.h:324:26: fatal error: bits/predefs.h: No such file or directory
because there are no 32 bit libc headers installed on this machine. We
should really be building all the samples for the target machine rather
than the build host, but since the infrastructure for that appears to be
missing right now, let's be a little bit smarter and not pass the '-m32'
flag to the HOSTCC when cross- compiling.
Signed-off-by: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
Acked-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Cc: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>
Cc: James Morris <james.l.morris@oracle.com>
Acked-by: Will Drewry <wad@chromium.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The tracepoint sample code was used to teach developers how to
create their own tracepoints. But now the trace_events have been
added as a higher level that is used directly by developers today.
Only the trace_event code should use the tracepoint interface
directly and no new tracepoints should be added.
Besides, the example had a race condition with the use of the
->d_name.name dentry field, as pointed out by Al Viro.
Best just to remove the code so it wont be used by other developers.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20130123225523.GY4939@ZenIV.linux.org.uk
Cc: Al Viro <viro@ZenIV.linux.org.uk>
Acked-by: Mathieu Desnoyers <mathieu.desnoyers@efficios.com>
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
CONFIG_HOTPLUG is going away as an option. As a result, the __dev*
markings need to be removed.
This change removes the last of the __dev* markings from the kernel from
a variety of different, tiny, places.
Based on patches originally written by Bill Pemberton, but redone by me
in order to handle some of the coding style issues better, by hand.
Cc: Bill Pemberton <wfp5p@virginia.edu>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
On s390 the flag to force 31 builds is -m31 instead of -m32 unlike
on all (?) other architectures.
Fixes this compile error:
HOSTCC samples/seccomp/bpf-direct.o
cc1: error: unrecognized command line option "-m32"
make[2]: *** [samples/seccomp/bpf-direct.o] Error 1
Signed-off-by: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>
Acked-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Signed-off-by: James Morris <james.l.morris@oracle.com>
The LO_ARG define needs to consider endianness also for 32 bit builds.
The "bpf_fancy" test case didn't work on s390 in 32 bit and compat mode
because the LO_ARG define resulted in a BPF program which read the upper
halve of the 64 bit system call arguments instead of the lower halves.
Signed-off-by: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>
Acked-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Signed-off-by: James Morris <james.l.morris@oracle.com>
Pull HID updates from Jiri Kosina:
"The list of changes worth pointing out explicitly:
- We are getting 'UHID', which is a new framework for implementing HID
transport drivers in userspace (this is different from HIDRAW, which
is transport-independent and provides report parsing facilities;
uhid is for the other (transport) part of the pipeline).
It's needed for (and currently being used by) Bluetooth-LowEnergy,
as its specification mandates things we don't want in the kernel.
Written by David Herrmann.
- there have been quite a few bugs in runtime suspend/resume paths
(probably never reported to actually happen in the wild, but still).
Alan Stern fixed those.
- a few other driver updates and fixes and random new device support."
* 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/jikos/hid: (45 commits)
HID: add ASUS AIO keyboard model AK1D
HID: add support for Cypress barcode scanner 04B4:ED81
HID: Allow drivers to be their own listener
HID: usbhid: fix error paths in suspend
HID: usbhid: check for suspend or reset before restarting
HID: usbhid: replace HID_REPORTED_IDLE with HID_SUSPENDED
HID: usbhid: inline some simple routines
HID: usbhid: fix autosuspend calls
HID: usbhid: fix use-after-free bug
HID: hid-core: optimize in case of hidraw
HID: hidraw: fix list->buffer memleak
HID: uhid: Fix sending events with invalid data
HID: roccat: added sensor sysfs attribute for Savu
HID: Add driver for Holtek based keyboards with broken HID
HID: Add suport for the brightness control keys on HP keyboards
HID: magicmouse: Implement Multi-touch Protocol B (MT-B)
HID: magicmouse: Removing report_touches switch
HID: roccat: rename roccat_common functions to roccat_common2
HID: roccat: fix wrong hid_err usage on struct usb_device
HID: roccat: move functionality to roccat-common
...
git status should be clean following make allmodconfig && make. Add
a .gitignore file to the samples/seccomp directory to ignore binaries
produced there.
Signed-off-by: Chad Williamson <chad@dahc.us>
Reviewed-By: Will Drewry <wad@chromium.org>
Acked-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Signed-off-by: James Morris <james.l.morris@oracle.com>
This adds an example user-space program that emulates a 3 button mouse
with wheel. It detects keyboard presses and moves the mouse accordingly.
It register a fake HID device to feed the raw HID reports into the kernel.
In this example, you could use uinput to get the same result, but this
shows how to get the same behavior with uhid so you don't need HID parsers
in user-space.
Signed-off-by: David Herrmann <dh.herrmann@googlemail.com>
Signed-off-by: Jiri Kosina <jkosina@suse.cz>
This change fixes the compilation error triggered here for
i386 allmodconfig in linux-next:
http://kisskb.ellerman.id.au/kisskb/buildresult/6123842/
Logic attempting to predict the host architecture has been
removed from the Makefile. Instead, the bpf-direct sample
should now compile on any architecture, but if the architecture
is not supported, it will compile a minimal main() function.
This change also ensures the samples are not compiled when
there is no seccomp filter support.
(Note, I wasn't able to reproduce the error locally, but
the existing approach was clearly flawed. This tweak
should resolve your issue and avoid other future weirdness.)
Reported-by: Paul Gortmaker <paul.gortmaker@windriver.com>
Suggested-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Signed-off-by: Will Drewry <wad@chromium.org>
Signed-off-by: James Morris <james.l.morris@oracle.com>
Documents how system call filtering using Berkeley Packet
Filter programs works and how it may be used.
Includes an example for x86 and a semi-generic
example using a macro-based code generator.
Acked-by: Eric Paris <eparis@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Will Drewry <wad@chromium.org>
Acked-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
v18: - added acked by
- update no new privs numbers
v17: - remove @compat note and add Pitfalls section for arch checking
(keescook@chromium.org)
v16: -
v15: -
v14: - rebase/nochanges
v13: - rebase on to 88ebdda615
v12: - comment on the ptrace_event use
- update arch support comment
- note the behavior of SECCOMP_RET_DATA when there are multiple filters
(keescook@chromium.org)
- lots of samples/ clean up incl 64-bit bpf-direct support
(markus@chromium.org)
- rebase to linux-next
v11: - overhaul return value language, updates (keescook@chromium.org)
- comment on do_exit(SIGSYS)
v10: - update for SIGSYS
- update for new seccomp_data layout
- update for ptrace option use
v9: - updated bpf-direct.c for SIGILL
v8: - add PR_SET_NO_NEW_PRIVS to the samples.
v7: - updated for all the new stuff in v7: TRAP, TRACE
- only talk about PR_SET_SECCOMP now
- fixed bad JLE32 check (coreyb@linux.vnet.ibm.com)
- adds dropper.c: a simple system call disabler
v6: - tweak the language to note the requirement of
PR_SET_NO_NEW_PRIVS being called prior to use. (luto@mit.edu)
v5: - update sample to use system call arguments
- adds a "fancy" example using a macro-based generator
- cleaned up bpf in the sample
- update docs to mention arguments
- fix prctl value (eparis@redhat.com)
- language cleanup (rdunlap@xenotime.net)
v4: - update for no_new_privs use
- minor tweaks
v3: - call out BPF <-> Berkeley Packet Filter (rdunlap@xenotime.net)
- document use of tentative always-unprivileged
- guard sample compilation for i386 and x86_64
v2: - move code to samples (corbet@lwn.net)
Signed-off-by: James Morris <james.l.morris@oracle.com>
Add an rpmsg driver sample, which demonstrates how to communicate with
an AMP-configured remote processor over the rpmsg bus.
Note how once probed, the driver can immediately start sending messages
using the rpmsg_send() API, without having to worry about creating endpoints
or allocating rpmsg addresses: all that work is done by the rpmsg bus,
and the required information is already embedded in the rpmsg channel
that the driver is probed with.
In this sample, the driver simply sends a "Hello World!" message to the remote
processor repeatedly.
Designed with Brian Swetland <swetland@google.com>.
Signed-off-by: Ohad Ben-Cohen <ohad@wizery.com>
Cc: Brian Swetland <swetland@google.com>
Cc: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
Cc: Grant Likely <grant.likely@secretlab.ca>
Cc: Tony Lindgren <tony@atomide.com>
Cc: Russell King <linux@arm.linux.org.uk>
Cc: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Greg KH <greg@kroah.com>
Cc: Stephen Boyd <sboyd@codeaurora.org>
The perf_event overflow handler does not receive any caller-derived
argument, so many callers need to resort to looking up the perf_event
in their local data structure. This is ugly and doesn't scale if a
single callback services many perf_events.
Fix by adding a context parameter to perf_event_create_kernel_counter()
(and derived hardware breakpoints APIs) and storing it in the perf_event.
The field can be accessed from the callback as event->overflow_handler_context.
All callers are updated.
Signed-off-by: Avi Kivity <avi@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1309362157-6596-2-git-send-email-avi@redhat.com
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
The nmi parameter indicated if we could do wakeups from the current
context, if not, we would set some state and self-IPI and let the
resulting interrupt do the wakeup.
For the various event classes:
- hardware: nmi=0; PMI is in fact an NMI or we run irq_work_run from
the PMI-tail (ARM etc.)
- tracepoint: nmi=0; since tracepoint could be from NMI context.
- software: nmi=[0,1]; some, like the schedule thing cannot
perform wakeups, and hence need 0.
As one can see, there is very little nmi=1 usage, and the down-side of
not using it is that on some platforms some software events can have a
jiffy delay in wakeup (when arch_irq_work_raise isn't implemented).
The up-side however is that we can remove the nmi parameter and save a
bunch of conditionals in fast paths.
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Cc: Michael Cree <mcree@orcon.net.nz>
Cc: Will Deacon <will.deacon@arm.com>
Cc: Deng-Cheng Zhu <dengcheng.zhu@gmail.com>
Cc: Anton Blanchard <anton@samba.org>
Cc: Eric B Munson <emunson@mgebm.net>
Cc: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>
Cc: Paul Mundt <lethal@linux-sh.org>
Cc: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Cc: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com>
Cc: Jason Wessel <jason.wessel@windriver.com>
Cc: Don Zickus <dzickus@redhat.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/n/tip-agjev8eu666tvknpb3iaj0fg@git.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
samples/hid-example.o needs some Kconfig and Makefile additions in order
to build. It should use <linux/*.h> headers from the build tree, so use
HEADERS_CHECK to require that those header files be present.
Change the kconfig symbol from tristate to bool since userspace cannot be
built as loadable modules.
However, I don't understand why the userspace header files are not present
as reported in Andrew's build log, since it builds OK on x86_64 without
any of these changes.
Signed-off-by: Randy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@oracle.com>
Cc: Alan Ott <alan@signal11.us>
Cc: Jiri Kosina <jkosina@suse.cz>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Jiri Kosina <jkosina@suse.cz>
On systems where userspace doesn't have new hidraw.h populated to
/usr/include, the hidraw sample won't compile as it's missing the new
ioctl defitions.
Introduce temporary ugly workaround to define the ioctls "manually"
in such cases, just to avoid miscompilation in allmodconfig cases.
Reported-by: Stephen Rothwell <sfr@canb.auug.org.au>
Signed-off-by: Jiri Kosina <jkosina@suse.cz>
* 'llseek' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/arnd/bkl:
vfs: make no_llseek the default
vfs: don't use BKL in default_llseek
llseek: automatically add .llseek fop
libfs: use generic_file_llseek for simple_attr
mac80211: disallow seeks in minstrel debug code
lirc: make chardev nonseekable
viotape: use noop_llseek
raw: use explicit llseek file operations
ibmasmfs: use generic_file_llseek
spufs: use llseek in all file operations
arm/omap: use generic_file_llseek in iommu_debug
lkdtm: use generic_file_llseek in debugfs
net/wireless: use generic_file_llseek in debugfs
drm: use noop_llseek
All file_operations should get a .llseek operation so we can make
nonseekable_open the default for future file operations without a
.llseek pointer.
The three cases that we can automatically detect are no_llseek, seq_lseek
and default_llseek. For cases where we can we can automatically prove that
the file offset is always ignored, we use noop_llseek, which maintains
the current behavior of not returning an error from a seek.
New drivers should normally not use noop_llseek but instead use no_llseek
and call nonseekable_open at open time. Existing drivers can be converted
to do the same when the maintainer knows for certain that no user code
relies on calling seek on the device file.
The generated code is often incorrectly indented and right now contains
comments that clarify for each added line why a specific variant was
chosen. In the version that gets submitted upstream, the comments will
be gone and I will manually fix the indentation, because there does not
seem to be a way to do that using coccinelle.
Some amount of new code is currently sitting in linux-next that should get
the same modifications, which I will do at the end of the merge window.
Many thanks to Julia Lawall for helping me learn to write a semantic
patch that does all this.
===== begin semantic patch =====
// This adds an llseek= method to all file operations,
// as a preparation for making no_llseek the default.
//
// The rules are
// - use no_llseek explicitly if we do nonseekable_open
// - use seq_lseek for sequential files
// - use default_llseek if we know we access f_pos
// - use noop_llseek if we know we don't access f_pos,
// but we still want to allow users to call lseek
//
@ open1 exists @
identifier nested_open;
@@
nested_open(...)
{
<+...
nonseekable_open(...)
...+>
}
@ open exists@
identifier open_f;
identifier i, f;
identifier open1.nested_open;
@@
int open_f(struct inode *i, struct file *f)
{
<+...
(
nonseekable_open(...)
|
nested_open(...)
)
...+>
}
@ read disable optional_qualifier exists @
identifier read_f;
identifier f, p, s, off;
type ssize_t, size_t, loff_t;
expression E;
identifier func;
@@
ssize_t read_f(struct file *f, char *p, size_t s, loff_t *off)
{
<+...
(
*off = E
|
*off += E
|
func(..., off, ...)
|
E = *off
)
...+>
}
@ read_no_fpos disable optional_qualifier exists @
identifier read_f;
identifier f, p, s, off;
type ssize_t, size_t, loff_t;
@@
ssize_t read_f(struct file *f, char *p, size_t s, loff_t *off)
{
... when != off
}
@ write @
identifier write_f;
identifier f, p, s, off;
type ssize_t, size_t, loff_t;
expression E;
identifier func;
@@
ssize_t write_f(struct file *f, const char *p, size_t s, loff_t *off)
{
<+...
(
*off = E
|
*off += E
|
func(..., off, ...)
|
E = *off
)
...+>
}
@ write_no_fpos @
identifier write_f;
identifier f, p, s, off;
type ssize_t, size_t, loff_t;
@@
ssize_t write_f(struct file *f, const char *p, size_t s, loff_t *off)
{
... when != off
}
@ fops0 @
identifier fops;
@@
struct file_operations fops = {
...
};
@ has_llseek depends on fops0 @
identifier fops0.fops;
identifier llseek_f;
@@
struct file_operations fops = {
...
.llseek = llseek_f,
...
};
@ has_read depends on fops0 @
identifier fops0.fops;
identifier read_f;
@@
struct file_operations fops = {
...
.read = read_f,
...
};
@ has_write depends on fops0 @
identifier fops0.fops;
identifier write_f;
@@
struct file_operations fops = {
...
.write = write_f,
...
};
@ has_open depends on fops0 @
identifier fops0.fops;
identifier open_f;
@@
struct file_operations fops = {
...
.open = open_f,
...
};
// use no_llseek if we call nonseekable_open
////////////////////////////////////////////
@ nonseekable1 depends on !has_llseek && has_open @
identifier fops0.fops;
identifier nso ~= "nonseekable_open";
@@
struct file_operations fops = {
... .open = nso, ...
+.llseek = no_llseek, /* nonseekable */
};
@ nonseekable2 depends on !has_llseek @
identifier fops0.fops;
identifier open.open_f;
@@
struct file_operations fops = {
... .open = open_f, ...
+.llseek = no_llseek, /* open uses nonseekable */
};
// use seq_lseek for sequential files
/////////////////////////////////////
@ seq depends on !has_llseek @
identifier fops0.fops;
identifier sr ~= "seq_read";
@@
struct file_operations fops = {
... .read = sr, ...
+.llseek = seq_lseek, /* we have seq_read */
};
// use default_llseek if there is a readdir
///////////////////////////////////////////
@ fops1 depends on !has_llseek && !nonseekable1 && !nonseekable2 && !seq @
identifier fops0.fops;
identifier readdir_e;
@@
// any other fop is used that changes pos
struct file_operations fops = {
... .readdir = readdir_e, ...
+.llseek = default_llseek, /* readdir is present */
};
// use default_llseek if at least one of read/write touches f_pos
/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
@ fops2 depends on !fops1 && !has_llseek && !nonseekable1 && !nonseekable2 && !seq @
identifier fops0.fops;
identifier read.read_f;
@@
// read fops use offset
struct file_operations fops = {
... .read = read_f, ...
+.llseek = default_llseek, /* read accesses f_pos */
};
@ fops3 depends on !fops1 && !fops2 && !has_llseek && !nonseekable1 && !nonseekable2 && !seq @
identifier fops0.fops;
identifier write.write_f;
@@
// write fops use offset
struct file_operations fops = {
... .write = write_f, ...
+ .llseek = default_llseek, /* write accesses f_pos */
};
// Use noop_llseek if neither read nor write accesses f_pos
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
@ fops4 depends on !fops1 && !fops2 && !fops3 && !has_llseek && !nonseekable1 && !nonseekable2 && !seq @
identifier fops0.fops;
identifier read_no_fpos.read_f;
identifier write_no_fpos.write_f;
@@
// write fops use offset
struct file_operations fops = {
...
.write = write_f,
.read = read_f,
...
+.llseek = noop_llseek, /* read and write both use no f_pos */
};
@ depends on has_write && !has_read && !fops1 && !fops2 && !has_llseek && !nonseekable1 && !nonseekable2 && !seq @
identifier fops0.fops;
identifier write_no_fpos.write_f;
@@
struct file_operations fops = {
... .write = write_f, ...
+.llseek = noop_llseek, /* write uses no f_pos */
};
@ depends on has_read && !has_write && !fops1 && !fops2 && !has_llseek && !nonseekable1 && !nonseekable2 && !seq @
identifier fops0.fops;
identifier read_no_fpos.read_f;
@@
struct file_operations fops = {
... .read = read_f, ...
+.llseek = noop_llseek, /* read uses no f_pos */
};
@ depends on !has_read && !has_write && !fops1 && !fops2 && !has_llseek && !nonseekable1 && !nonseekable2 && !seq @
identifier fops0.fops;
@@
struct file_operations fops = {
...
+.llseek = noop_llseek, /* no read or write fn */
};
===== End semantic patch =====
Signed-off-by: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
Cc: Julia Lawall <julia@diku.dk>
Cc: Christoph Hellwig <hch@infradead.org>
The kfifo_dma family of functions use sg_mark_end() on the last element in
their scatterlist. This forces use of a fresh scatterlist for each DMA
operation, which makes recycling a single scatterlist impossible.
Change the behavior of the kfifo_dma functions to match the usage of the
dma_map_sg function. This means that users must respect the returned
nents value. The sample code is updated to reflect the change.
This bug is trivial to cause: call kfifo_dma_in_prepare() such that it
prepares a scatterlist with a single entry comprising the whole fifo.
This is the case when you map the entirety of a newly created empty fifo.
This causes the setup_sgl() function to mark the first scatterlist entry
as the end of the chain, no matter what comes after it.
Afterwards, add and remove some data from the fifo such that another call
to kfifo_dma_in_prepare() will create two scatterlist entries. It returns
nents=2. However, due to the previous sg_mark_end() call, sg_is_last()
will now return true for the first scatterlist element. This causes the
sample code to print a single scatterlist element when it should print
two.
By removing the call to sg_mark_end(), we make the API as similar as
possible to the DMA mapping API. All users are required to respect the
returned nents.
Signed-off-by: Ira W. Snyder <iws@ovro.caltech.edu>
Cc: Stefani Seibold <stefani@seibold.net>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Provide a check in all the kfifo examples to validate the correct
execution of each testcase.
Signed-off-by: Andrea Righi <arighi@develer.com>
Acked-by: Stefani Seibold <stefani@seibold.net>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
We use a dynamically allocated kfifo in the dma example, so we need to
free it when unloading the module.
Signed-off-by: Andrea Righi <arighi@develer.com>
Acked-by: Stefani Seibold <stefani@seibold.net>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Provide a static array of expected items that kfifo should contain at the
end of the test to validate it.
Signed-off-by: Andrea Righi <arighi@develer.com>
Cc: Stefani Seibold <stefani@seibold.net>
Cc: Greg KH <greg@kroah.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Add four examples to the kernel sample directory.
It shows how to handle:
- a byte stream fifo
- a integer type fifo
- a dynamic record sized fifo
- the fifo DMA functions
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: coding-style fixes]
Signed-off-by: Stefani Seibold <stefani@seibold.net>
Cc: Greg KH <greg@kroah.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
This patch adds data to be passed to tracepoint callbacks.
The created functions from DECLARE_TRACE() now need a mandatory data
parameter. For example:
DECLARE_TRACE(mytracepoint, int value, value)
Will create the register function:
int register_trace_mytracepoint((void(*)(void *data, int value))probe,
void *data);
As the first argument, all callbacks (probes) must take a (void *data)
parameter. So a callback for the above tracepoint will look like:
void myprobe(void *data, int value)
{
}
The callback may choose to ignore the data parameter.
This change allows callbacks to register a private data pointer along
with the function probe.
void mycallback(void *data, int value);
register_trace_mytracepoint(mycallback, mydata);
Then the mycallback() will receive the "mydata" as the first parameter
before the args.
A more detailed example:
DECLARE_TRACE(mytracepoint, TP_PROTO(int status), TP_ARGS(status));
/* In the C file */
DEFINE_TRACE(mytracepoint, TP_PROTO(int status), TP_ARGS(status));
[...]
trace_mytracepoint(status);
/* In a file registering this tracepoint */
int my_callback(void *data, int status)
{
struct my_struct my_data = data;
[...]
}
[...]
my_data = kmalloc(sizeof(*my_data), GFP_KERNEL);
init_my_data(my_data);
register_trace_mytracepoint(my_callback, my_data);
The same callback can also be registered to the same tracepoint as long
as the data registered is different. Note, the data must also be used
to unregister the callback:
unregister_trace_mytracepoint(my_callback, my_data);
Because of the data parameter, tracepoints declared this way can not have
no args. That is:
DECLARE_TRACE(mytracepoint, TP_PROTO(void), TP_ARGS());
will cause an error.
If no arguments are needed, a new macro can be used instead:
DECLARE_TRACE_NOARGS(mytracepoint);
Since there are no arguments, the proto and args fields are left out.
This is part of a series to make the tracepoint footprint smaller:
text data bss dec hex filename
4913961 1088356 861512 6863829 68bbd5 vmlinux.orig
4914025 1088868 861512 6864405 68be15 vmlinux.class
4918492 1084612 861512 6864616 68bee8 vmlinux.tracepoint
Again, this patch also increases the size of the kernel, but
lays the ground work for decreasing it.
v5: Fixed net/core/drop_monitor.c to handle these updates.
v4: Moved the DECLARE_TRACE() DECLARE_TRACE_NOARGS out of the
#ifdef CONFIG_TRACE_POINTS, since the two are the same in both
cases. The __DECLARE_TRACE() is what changes.
Thanks to Frederic Weisbecker for pointing this out.
v3: Made all register_* functions require data to be passed and
all callbacks to take a void * parameter as its first argument.
This makes the calling functions comply with C standards.
Also added more comments to the modifications of DECLARE_TRACE().
v2: Made the DECLARE_TRACE() have the ability to pass arguments
and added a new DECLARE_TRACE_NOARGS() for tracepoints that
do not need any arguments.
Acked-by: Mathieu Desnoyers <mathieu.desnoyers@efficios.com>
Acked-by: Masami Hiramatsu <mhiramat@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com>
Cc: Neil Horman <nhorman@tuxdriver.com>
Cc: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
percpu.h is included by sched.h and module.h and thus ends up being
included when building most .c files. percpu.h includes slab.h which
in turn includes gfp.h making everything defined by the two files
universally available and complicating inclusion dependencies.
percpu.h -> slab.h dependency is about to be removed. Prepare for
this change by updating users of gfp and slab facilities include those
headers directly instead of assuming availability. As this conversion
needs to touch large number of source files, the following script is
used as the basis of conversion.
http://userweb.kernel.org/~tj/misc/slabh-sweep.py
The script does the followings.
* Scan files for gfp and slab usages and update includes such that
only the necessary includes are there. ie. if only gfp is used,
gfp.h, if slab is used, slab.h.
* When the script inserts a new include, it looks at the include
blocks and try to put the new include such that its order conforms
to its surrounding. It's put in the include block which contains
core kernel includes, in the same order that the rest are ordered -
alphabetical, Christmas tree, rev-Xmas-tree or at the end if there
doesn't seem to be any matching order.
* If the script can't find a place to put a new include (mostly
because the file doesn't have fitting include block), it prints out
an error message indicating which .h file needs to be added to the
file.
The conversion was done in the following steps.
1. The initial automatic conversion of all .c files updated slightly
over 4000 files, deleting around 700 includes and adding ~480 gfp.h
and ~3000 slab.h inclusions. The script emitted errors for ~400
files.
2. Each error was manually checked. Some didn't need the inclusion,
some needed manual addition while adding it to implementation .h or
embedding .c file was more appropriate for others. This step added
inclusions to around 150 files.
3. The script was run again and the output was compared to the edits
from #2 to make sure no file was left behind.
4. Several build tests were done and a couple of problems were fixed.
e.g. lib/decompress_*.c used malloc/free() wrappers around slab
APIs requiring slab.h to be added manually.
5. The script was run on all .h files but without automatically
editing them as sprinkling gfp.h and slab.h inclusions around .h
files could easily lead to inclusion dependency hell. Most gfp.h
inclusion directives were ignored as stuff from gfp.h was usually
wildly available and often used in preprocessor macros. Each
slab.h inclusion directive was examined and added manually as
necessary.
6. percpu.h was updated not to include slab.h.
7. Build test were done on the following configurations and failures
were fixed. CONFIG_GCOV_KERNEL was turned off for all tests (as my
distributed build env didn't work with gcov compiles) and a few
more options had to be turned off depending on archs to make things
build (like ipr on powerpc/64 which failed due to missing writeq).
* x86 and x86_64 UP and SMP allmodconfig and a custom test config.
* powerpc and powerpc64 SMP allmodconfig
* sparc and sparc64 SMP allmodconfig
* ia64 SMP allmodconfig
* s390 SMP allmodconfig
* alpha SMP allmodconfig
* um on x86_64 SMP allmodconfig
8. percpu.h modifications were reverted so that it could be applied as
a separate patch and serve as bisection point.
Given the fact that I had only a couple of failures from tests on step
6, I'm fairly confident about the coverage of this conversion patch.
If there is a breakage, it's likely to be something in one of the arch
headers which should be easily discoverable easily on most builds of
the specific arch.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Guess-its-ok-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com>
Cc: Lee Schermerhorn <Lee.Schermerhorn@hp.com>
Constify struct sysfs_ops.
This is part of the ops structure constification
effort started by Arjan van de Ven et al.
Benefits of this constification:
* prevents modification of data that is shared
(referenced) by many other structure instances
at runtime
* detects/prevents accidental (but not intentional)
modification attempts on archs that enforce
read-only kernel data at runtime
* potentially better optimized code as the compiler
can assume that the const data cannot be changed
* the compiler/linker move const data into .rodata
and therefore exclude them from false sharing
Signed-off-by: Emese Revfy <re.emese@gmail.com>
Acked-by: David Teigland <teigland@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Matt Domsch <Matt_Domsch@dell.com>
Acked-by: Maciej Sosnowski <maciej.sosnowski@intel.com>
Acked-by: Hans J. Koch <hjk@linutronix.de>
Acked-by: Pekka Enberg <penberg@cs.helsinki.fi>
Acked-by: Jens Axboe <jens.axboe@oracle.com>
Acked-by: Stephen Hemminger <shemminger@vyatta.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
Add __percpu sparse annotations to hw_breakpoint.
These annotations are to make sparse consider percpu variables to be
in a different address space and warn if accessed without going
through percpu accessors. This patch doesn't affect normal builds.
In kernel/hw_breakpoint.c, per_cpu(nr_task_bp_pinned, cpu)'s will
trigger spurious noderef related warnings from sparse. Changing it to
&per_cpu(nr_task_bp_pinned[0], cpu) will work around the problem but
deemed to ugly by the maintainer. Leave it alone until better
solution can be found.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Stephen Rothwell <sfr@canb.auug.org.au>
Cc: K.Prasad <prasad@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
LKML-Reference: <4B7B4B7A.9050902@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com>
* 'perf-fixes-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/linux-2.6-tip: (57 commits)
x86, perf events: Check if we have APIC enabled
perf_event: Fix variable initialization in other codepaths
perf kmem: Fix unused argument build warning
perf symbols: perf_header__read_build_ids() offset'n'size should be u64
perf symbols: dsos__read_build_ids() should read both user and kernel buildids
perf tools: Align long options which have no short forms
perf kmem: Show usage if no option is specified
sched: Mark sched_clock() as notrace
perf sched: Add max delay time snapshot
perf tools: Correct size given to memset
perf_event: Fix perf_swevent_hrtimer() variable initialization
perf sched: Fix for getting task's execution time
tracing/kprobes: Fix field creation's bad error handling
perf_event: Cleanup for cpu_clock_perf_event_update()
perf_event: Allocate children's perf_event_ctxp at the right time
perf_event: Clean up __perf_event_init_context()
hw-breakpoints: Modify breakpoints without unregistering them
perf probe: Update perf-probe document
perf probe: Support --del option
trace-kprobe: Support delete probe syntax
...
