tiny-shmem shares most of its 130 lines of code with shmem and tends to
break when particular bits of shmem get modified. Unifying saves code and
makes keeping these two in sync much easier.
before:
14367 392 24 14783 39bf mm/shmem.o
396 72 8 476 1dc mm/tiny-shmem.o
after:
14367 392 24 14783 39bf mm/shmem.o
412 72 8 492 1ec mm/shmem.o tiny
Signed-off-by: Matt Mackall <mpm@selenic.com>
Acked-by: Hugh Dickins <hugh@veritas.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
This should make the help text of SYSFS_DEPRECATED more clear, that this
is _not_ about (what some people think it is) suppressing a few symlinks
and variables, but a different sysfs _layout_ with new features.
Signed-off-by: Kay Sievers <kay.sievers@vrfy.org>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
Now that nothing depends on it any more, remove CONFIG_KMOD.
Signed-off-by: Johannes Berg <johannes@sipsolutions.net>
Signed-off-by: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>
* 'cpus4096-for-linus-2' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/linux-2.6-tip: (66 commits)
x86: export vector_used_by_percpu_irq
x86: use logical apicid in x2apic_cluster's x2apic_cpu_mask_to_apicid_and()
sched: nominate preferred wakeup cpu, fix
x86: fix lguest used_vectors breakage, -v2
x86: fix warning in arch/x86/kernel/io_apic.c
sched: fix warning in kernel/sched.c
sched: move test_sd_parent() to an SMP section of sched.h
sched: add SD_BALANCE_NEWIDLE at MC and CPU level for sched_mc>0
sched: activate active load balancing in new idle cpus
sched: bias task wakeups to preferred semi-idle packages
sched: nominate preferred wakeup cpu
sched: favour lower logical cpu number for sched_mc balance
sched: framework for sched_mc/smt_power_savings=N
sched: convert BALANCE_FOR_xx_POWER to inline functions
x86: use possible_cpus=NUM to extend the possible cpus allowed
x86: fix cpu_mask_to_apicid_and to include cpu_online_mask
x86: update io_apic.c to the new cpumask code
x86: Introduce topology_core_cpumask()/topology_thread_cpumask()
x86: xen: use smp_call_function_many()
x86: use work_on_cpu in x86/kernel/cpu/mcheck/mce_amd_64.c
...
Fixed up trivial conflict in kernel/time/tick-sched.c manually
* 'core-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/linux-2.6-tip: (63 commits)
stacktrace: provide save_stack_trace_tsk() weak alias
rcu: provide RCU options on non-preempt architectures too
printk: fix discarding message when recursion_bug
futex: clean up futex_(un)lock_pi fault handling
"Tree RCU": scalable classic RCU implementation
futex: rename field in futex_q to clarify single waiter semantics
x86/swiotlb: add default swiotlb_arch_range_needs_mapping
x86/swiotlb: add default phys<->bus conversion
x86: unify pci iommu setup and allow swiotlb to compile for 32 bit
x86: add swiotlb allocation functions
swiotlb: consolidate swiotlb info message printing
swiotlb: support bouncing of HighMem pages
swiotlb: factor out copy to/from device
swiotlb: add arch hook to force mapping
swiotlb: allow architectures to override phys<->bus<->phys conversions
swiotlb: add comment where we handle the overflow of a dma mask on 32 bit
rcu: fix rcutorture behavior during reboot
resources: skip sanity check of busy resources
swiotlb: move some definitions to header
swiotlb: allow architectures to override swiotlb pool allocation
...
Fix up trivial conflicts in
arch/x86/kernel/Makefile
arch/x86/mm/init_32.c
include/linux/hardirq.h
as per Ingo's suggestions.
* git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/sam/kbuild-next: (25 commits)
allow stripping of generated symbols under CONFIG_KALLSYMS_ALL
kbuild: strip generated symbols from *.ko
kbuild: simplify use of genksyms
kernel-doc: check for extra kernel-doc notations
kbuild: add headerdep used to detect inclusion cycles in header files
kbuild: fix string equality testing in tags.sh
kbuild: fix make tags/cscope
kbuild: fix make incompatibility
kbuild: remove TAR_IGNORE
setlocalversion: add git-svn support
setlocalversion: print correct subversion revision
scripts: improve the decodecode script
scripts/package: allow custom options to rpm
genksyms: allow to ignore symbol checksum changes
genksyms: track symbol checksum changes
tags and cscope support really belongs in a shell script
kconfig: fix options to check-lxdialog.sh
kbuild: gen_init_cpio expands shell variables in file names
remove bashisms from scripts/extract-ikconfig
kbuild: teach mkmakfile to be silent
...
Impact: build fix
Some old architectures still do not use kernel/Kconfig.preempt, so the
moving of the RCU options there broke their build:
In file included from /home/mingo/tip/include/linux/sem.h:81,
from /home/mingo/tip/include/linux/sched.h:69,
from /home/mingo/tip/arch/alpha/kernel/asm-offsets.c:9:
/home/mingo/tip/include/linux/rcupdate.h:62:2: error: #error "Unknown RCU implementation specified to kernel configuration"
Move these options back to init/Kconfig, which every architecture
includes.
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Building upon parts of the module stripping patch, this patch
introduces similar stripping for vmlinux when CONFIG_KALLSYMS_ALL=y.
Using CONFIG_KALLSYMS_STRIP_GENERATED reduces the overhead of
CONFIG_KALLSYMS_ALL from 245k/310k to 65k/80k for the (i386/x86-64)
kernels I tested with.
The patch also does away with the need to special case the kallsyms-
internal symbols by making them available even in the first linking
stage.
While it is a generated file, the patch includes the changes to
scripts/genksyms/keywords.c_shipped, as I'm unsure what the procedure
here is.
Signed-off-by: Jan Beulich <jbeulich@novell.com>
Signed-off-by: Sam Ravnborg <sam@ravnborg.org>
This patch fixes a long-standing performance bug in classic RCU that
results in massive internal-to-RCU lock contention on systems with
more than a few hundred CPUs. Although this patch creates a separate
flavor of RCU for ease of review and patch maintenance, it is intended
to replace classic RCU.
This patch still handles stress better than does mainline, so I am still
calling it ready for inclusion. This patch is against the -tip tree.
Nevertheless, experience on an actual 1000+ CPU machine would still be
most welcome.
Most of the changes noted below were found while creating an rcutiny
(which should permit ejecting the current rcuclassic) and while doing
detailed line-by-line documentation.
Updates from v9 (http://lkml.org/lkml/2008/12/2/334):
o Fixes from remainder of line-by-line code walkthrough,
including comment spelling, initialization, undesirable
narrowing due to type conversion, removing redundant memory
barriers, removing redundant local-variable initialization,
and removing redundant local variables.
I do not believe that any of these fixes address the CPU-hotplug
issues that Andi Kleen was seeing, but please do give it a whirl
in case the machine is smarter than I am.
A writeup from the walkthrough may be found at the following
URL, in case you are suffering from terminal insomnia or
masochism:
http://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/people/paulmck/tmp/rcutree-walkthrough.2008.12.16a.pdf
o Made rcutree tracing use seq_file, as suggested some time
ago by Lai Jiangshan.
o Added a .csv variant of the rcudata debugfs trace file, to allow
people having thousands of CPUs to drop the data into
a spreadsheet. Tested with oocalc and gnumeric. Updated
documentation to suit.
Updates from v8 (http://lkml.org/lkml/2008/11/15/139):
o Fix a theoretical race between grace-period initialization and
force_quiescent_state() that could occur if more than three
jiffies were required to carry out the grace-period
initialization. Which it might, if you had enough CPUs.
o Apply Ingo's printk-standardization patch.
o Substitute local variables for repeated accesses to global
variables.
o Fix comment misspellings and redundant (but harmless) increments
of ->n_rcu_pending (this latter after having explicitly added it).
o Apply checkpatch fixes.
Updates from v7 (http://lkml.org/lkml/2008/10/10/291):
o Fixed a number of problems noted by Gautham Shenoy, including
the cpu-stall-detection bug that he was having difficulty
convincing me was real. ;-)
o Changed cpu-stall detection to wait for ten seconds rather than
three in order to reduce false positive, as suggested by Ingo
Molnar.
o Produced a design document (http://lwn.net/Articles/305782/).
The act of writing this document uncovered a number of both
theoretical and "here and now" bugs as noted below.
o Fix dynticks_nesting accounting confusion, simplify WARN_ON()
condition, fix kerneldoc comments, and add memory barriers
in dynticks interface functions.
o Add more data to tracing.
o Remove unused "rcu_barrier" field from rcu_data structure.
o Count calls to rcu_pending() from scheduling-clock interrupt
to use as a surrogate timebase should jiffies stop counting.
o Fix a theoretical race between force_quiescent_state() and
grace-period initialization. Yes, initialization does have to
go on for some jiffies for this race to occur, but given enough
CPUs...
Updates from v6 (http://lkml.org/lkml/2008/9/23/448):
o Fix a number of checkpatch.pl complaints.
o Apply review comments from Ingo Molnar and Lai Jiangshan
on the stall-detection code.
o Fix several bugs in !CONFIG_SMP builds.
o Fix a misspelled config-parameter name so that RCU now announces
at boot time if stall detection is configured.
o Run tests on numerous combinations of configurations parameters,
which after the fixes above, now build and run correctly.
Updates from v5 (http://lkml.org/lkml/2008/9/15/92, bad subject line):
o Fix a compiler error in the !CONFIG_FANOUT_EXACT case (blew a
changeset some time ago, and finally got around to retesting
this option).
o Fix some tracing bugs in rcupreempt that caused incorrect
totals to be printed.
o I now test with a more brutal random-selection online/offline
script (attached). Probably more brutal than it needs to be
on the people reading it as well, but so it goes.
o A number of optimizations and usability improvements:
o Make rcu_pending() ignore the grace-period timeout when
there is no grace period in progress.
o Make force_quiescent_state() avoid going for a global
lock in the case where there is no grace period in
progress.
o Rearrange struct fields to improve struct layout.
o Make call_rcu() initiate a grace period if RCU was
idle, rather than waiting for the next scheduling
clock interrupt.
o Invoke rcu_irq_enter() and rcu_irq_exit() only when
idle, as suggested by Andi Kleen. I still don't
completely trust this change, and might back it out.
o Make CONFIG_RCU_TRACE be the single config variable
manipulated for all forms of RCU, instead of the prior
confusion.
o Document tracing files and formats for both rcupreempt
and rcutree.
Updates from v4 for those missing v5 given its bad subject line:
o Separated dynticks interface so that NMIs and irqs call separate
functions, greatly simplifying it. In particular, this code
no longer requires a proof of correctness. ;-)
o Separated dynticks state out into its own per-CPU structure,
avoiding the duplicated accounting.
o The case where a dynticks-idle CPU runs an irq handler that
invokes call_rcu() is now correctly handled, forcing that CPU
out of dynticks-idle mode.
o Review comments have been applied (thank you all!!!).
For but one example, fixed the dynticks-ordering issue that
Manfred pointed out, saving me much debugging. ;-)
o Adjusted rcuclassic and rcupreempt to handle dynticks changes.
Attached is an updated patch to Classic RCU that applies a hierarchy,
greatly reducing the contention on the top-level lock for large machines.
This passes 10-hour concurrent rcutorture and online-offline testing on
128-CPU ppc64 without dynticks enabled, and exposes some timekeeping
bugs in presence of dynticks (exciting working on a system where
"sleep 1" hangs until interrupted...), which were fixed in the
2.6.27 kernel. It is getting more reliable than mainline by some
measures, so the next version will be against -tip for inclusion.
See also Manfred Spraul's recent patches (or his earlier work from
2004 at http://marc.info/?l=linux-kernel&m=108546384711797&w=2).
We will converge onto a common patch in the fullness of time, but are
currently exploring different regions of the design space. That said,
I have already gratefully stolen quite a few of Manfred's ideas.
This patch provides CONFIG_RCU_FANOUT, which controls the bushiness
of the RCU hierarchy. Defaults to 32 on 32-bit machines and 64 on
64-bit machines. If CONFIG_NR_CPUS is less than CONFIG_RCU_FANOUT,
there is no hierarchy. By default, the RCU initialization code will
adjust CONFIG_RCU_FANOUT to balance the hierarchy, so strongly NUMA
architectures may choose to set CONFIG_RCU_FANOUT_EXACT to disable
this balancing, allowing the hierarchy to be exactly aligned to the
underlying hardware. Up to two levels of hierarchy are permitted
(in addition to the root node), allowing up to 16,384 CPUs on 32-bit
systems and up to 262,144 CPUs on 64-bit systems. I just know that I
am going to regret saying this, but this seems more than sufficient
for the foreseeable future. (Some architectures might wish to set
CONFIG_RCU_FANOUT=4, which would limit such architectures to 64 CPUs.
If this becomes a real problem, additional levels can be added, but I
doubt that it will make a significant difference on real hardware.)
In the common case, a given CPU will manipulate its private rcu_data
structure and the rcu_node structure that it shares with its immediate
neighbors. This can reduce both lock and memory contention by multiple
orders of magnitude, which should eliminate the need for the strange
manipulations that are reported to be required when running Linux on
very large systems.
Some shortcomings:
o More bugs will probably surface as a result of an ongoing
line-by-line code inspection.
Patches will be provided as required.
o There are probably hangs, rcutorture failures, &c. Seems
quite stable on a 128-CPU machine, but that is kind of small
compared to 4096 CPUs. However, seems to do better than
mainline.
Patches will be provided as required.
o The memory footprint of this version is several KB larger
than rcuclassic.
A separate UP-only rcutiny patch will be provided, which will
reduce the memory footprint significantly, even compared
to the old rcuclassic. One such patch passes light testing,
and has a memory footprint smaller even than rcuclassic.
Initial reaction from various embedded guys was "it is not
worth it", so am putting it aside.
Credits:
o Manfred Spraul for ideas, review comments, and bugs spotted,
as well as some good friendly competition. ;-)
o Josh Triplett, Ingo Molnar, Peter Zijlstra, Mathieu Desnoyers,
Lai Jiangshan, Andi Kleen, Andy Whitcroft, and Andrew Morton
for reviews and comments.
o Thomas Gleixner for much-needed help with some timer issues
(see patches below).
o Jon M. Tollefson, Tim Pepper, Andrew Theurer, Jose R. Santos,
Andy Whitcroft, Darrick Wong, Nishanth Aravamudan, Anton
Blanchard, Dave Kleikamp, and Nathan Lynch for keeping machines
alive despite my heavy abuse^Wtesting.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Impact: cleanup
Each SMP arch defines these themselves. Move them to a central
location.
Twists:
1) Some archs (m32, parisc, s390) set possible_map to all 1, so we add a
CONFIG_INIT_ALL_POSSIBLE for this rather than break them.
2) mips and sparc32 '#define cpu_possible_map phys_cpu_present_map'.
Those archs simply have phys_cpu_present_map replaced everywhere.
3) Alpha defined cpu_possible_map to cpu_present_map; this is tricky
so I just manipulate them both in sync.
4) IA64, cris and m32r have gratuitous 'extern cpumask_t cpu_possible_map'
declarations.
Signed-off-by: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>
Reviewed-by: Grant Grundler <grundler@parisc-linux.org>
Tested-by: Tony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com>
Acked-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Cc: Mike Travis <travis@sgi.com>
Cc: ink@jurassic.park.msu.ru
Cc: rmk@arm.linux.org.uk
Cc: starvik@axis.com
Cc: tony.luck@intel.com
Cc: takata@linux-m32r.org
Cc: ralf@linux-mips.org
Cc: grundler@parisc-linux.org
Cc: paulus@samba.org
Cc: schwidefsky@de.ibm.com
Cc: lethal@linux-sh.org
Cc: wli@holomorphy.com
Cc: davem@davemloft.net
Cc: jdike@addtoit.com
Cc: mingo@redhat.com
* 'sched-fixes-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/linux-2.6-tip:
cpuset: fix regression when failed to generate sched domains
sched, signals: fix the racy usage of ->signal in account_group_xxx/run_posix_cpu_timers
sched: fix kernel warning on /proc/sched_debug access
sched: correct sched-rt-group.txt pathname in init/Kconfig
Impact: new API
Add a new API trace_mark_tp(), which declares a marker within a
tracepoint probe. When the marker is activated, the tracepoint is
automatically enabled.
No branch test is used at the marker site, because it would be a
duplicate of the branch already present in the tracepoint.
Signed-off-by: Mathieu Desnoyers <mathieu.desnoyers@polymtl.ca>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
In 2007, a0acd82080 changed the default
slab allocator to SLUB, but the SLAB help text still says SLAB is the
default. This change fixes that.
Signed-off-by: Simon Arlott <simon@fire.lp0.eu>
Signed-off-by: Pekka Enberg <penberg@cs.helsinki.fi>
init/Kconfig directs the user to Documentation/sched-rt-group.txt, but
the file is actually in Documentation/scheduler/sched-rt-group.txt.
This patch corrects the pathname mentioned in init/Kconfig.
Signed-off-by: Adrian Knoth <adi@drcomp.erfurt.thur.de>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
page_cgroup is now allocated at boot and memmap doesn't includes pointer
for page_cgroup. Fix the menu help text.
Reviewed-by: Balbir Singh <balbir@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: KAMEZAWA hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
commit 3d13731024 ("PCI: allow quirks to be
compiled out") introduced CONFIG_PCI_QUIRKS, which now shows up in each
and every .config. Fix this by making it depend on PCI.
Signed-off-by: Geert Uytterhoeven <geert@linux-m68k.org>
Signed-off-by: Jesse Barnes <jbarnes@virtuousgeek.org>
* 'linux-next' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/jbarnes/pci-2.6: (41 commits)
PCI: fix pci_ioremap_bar() on s390
PCI: fix AER capability check
PCI: use pci_find_ext_capability everywhere
PCI: remove #ifdef DEBUG around dev_dbg call
PCI hotplug: fix get_##name return value problem
PCI: document the pcie_aspm kernel parameter
PCI: introduce an pci_ioremap(pdev, barnr) function
powerpc/PCI: Add legacy PCI access via sysfs
PCI: Add ability to mmap legacy_io on some platforms
PCI: probing debug message uniformization
PCI: support PCIe ARI capability
PCI: centralize the capabilities code in probe.c
PCI: centralize the capabilities code in pci-sysfs.c
PCI: fix 64-vbit prefetchable memory resource BARs
PCI: replace cfg space size (256/4096) by macros.
PCI: use resource_size() everywhere.
PCI: use same arg names in PCI_VDEVICE comment
PCI hotplug: rpaphp: make debug var unique
PCI: use %pF instead of print_fn_descriptor_symbol() in quirks.c
PCI: fix hotplug get_##name return value problem
...
This patch adds the CONFIG_PCI_QUIRKS option which allows to remove all
the PCI quirks, which are not necessarily used on embedded systems when
PCI is working properly. As this is a size-reduction option, it depends
on CONFIG_EMBEDDED. It allows to save almost 12 kilobytes of kernel
code:
text data bss dec hex filename
1287806 123596 212992 1624394 18c94a vmlinux.old
1275854 123596 212992 1612442 189a9a vmlinux
-11952 0 0 -11952 -2EB0 +/-
This patch has originally been written by Zwane Mwaikambo
<zwane@arm.linux.org.uk> and is part of the Linux Tiny project.
Signed-off-by: Thomas Petazzoni <thomas.petazzoni@free-electrons.com>
Signed-off-by: Jesse Barnes <jbarnes@virtuousgeek.org>
This patch implements a new freezer subsystem in the control groups
framework. It provides a way to stop and resume execution of all tasks in
a cgroup by writing in the cgroup filesystem.
The freezer subsystem in the container filesystem defines a file named
freezer.state. Writing "FROZEN" to the state file will freeze all tasks
in the cgroup. Subsequently writing "RUNNING" will unfreeze the tasks in
the cgroup. Reading will return the current state.
* Examples of usage :
# mkdir /containers/freezer
# mount -t cgroup -ofreezer freezer /containers
# mkdir /containers/0
# echo $some_pid > /containers/0/tasks
to get status of the freezer subsystem :
# cat /containers/0/freezer.state
RUNNING
to freeze all tasks in the container :
# echo FROZEN > /containers/0/freezer.state
# cat /containers/0/freezer.state
FREEZING
# cat /containers/0/freezer.state
FROZEN
to unfreeze all tasks in the container :
# echo RUNNING > /containers/0/freezer.state
# cat /containers/0/freezer.state
RUNNING
This is the basic mechanism which should do the right thing for user space
task in a simple scenario.
It's important to note that freezing can be incomplete. In that case we
return EBUSY. This means that some tasks in the cgroup are busy doing
something that prevents us from completely freezing the cgroup at this
time. After EBUSY, the cgroup will remain partially frozen -- reflected
by freezer.state reporting "FREEZING" when read. The state will remain
"FREEZING" until one of these things happens:
1) Userspace cancels the freezing operation by writing "RUNNING" to
the freezer.state file
2) Userspace retries the freezing operation by writing "FROZEN" to
the freezer.state file (writing "FREEZING" is not legal
and returns EIO)
3) The tasks that blocked the cgroup from entering the "FROZEN"
state disappear from the cgroup's set of tasks.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: coding-style fixes]
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: export thaw_process]
Signed-off-by: Cedric Le Goater <clg@fr.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Matt Helsley <matthltc@us.ibm.com>
Acked-by: Serge E. Hallyn <serue@us.ibm.com>
Tested-by: Matt Helsley <matthltc@us.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
This patchs adds the CONFIG_AIO option which allows to remove support
for asynchronous I/O operations, that are not necessarly used by
applications, particularly on embedded devices. As this is a
size-reduction option, it depends on CONFIG_EMBEDDED. It allows to
save ~7 kilobytes of kernel code/data:
text data bss dec hex filename
1115067 119180 217088 1451335 162547 vmlinux
1108025 119048 217088 1444161 160941 vmlinux.new
-7042 -132 0 -7174 -1C06 +/-
This patch has been originally written by Matt Mackall
<mpm@selenic.com>, and is part of the Linux Tiny project.
[randy.dunlap@oracle.com: build fix]
Signed-off-by: Thomas Petazzoni <thomas.petazzoni@free-electrons.com>
Cc: Benjamin LaHaise <bcrl@kvack.org>
Cc: Zach Brown <zach.brown@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: Matt Mackall <mpm@selenic.com>
Signed-off-by: Randy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
do not expose users to CONFIG_TRACEPOINTS - tracers can select it
just fine.
update ftrace to select CONFIG_TRACEPOINTS.
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Implementation of kernel tracepoints. Inspired from the Linux Kernel
Markers. Allows complete typing verification by declaring both tracing
statement inline functions and probe registration/unregistration static
inline functions within the same macro "DEFINE_TRACE". No format string
is required. See the tracepoint Documentation and Samples patches for
usage examples.
Taken from the documentation patch :
"A tracepoint placed in code provides a hook to call a function (probe)
that you can provide at runtime. A tracepoint can be "on" (a probe is
connected to it) or "off" (no probe is attached). When a tracepoint is
"off" it has no effect, except for adding a tiny time penalty (checking
a condition for a branch) and space penalty (adding a few bytes for the
function call at the end of the instrumented function and adds a data
structure in a separate section). When a tracepoint is "on", the
function you provide is called each time the tracepoint is executed, in
the execution context of the caller. When the function provided ends its
execution, it returns to the caller (continuing from the tracepoint
site).
You can put tracepoints at important locations in the code. They are
lightweight hooks that can pass an arbitrary number of parameters, which
prototypes are described in a tracepoint declaration placed in a header
file."
Addition and removal of tracepoints is synchronized by RCU using the
scheduler (and preempt_disable) as guarantees to find a quiescent state
(this is really RCU "classic"). The update side uses rcu_barrier_sched()
with call_rcu_sched() and the read/execute side uses
"preempt_disable()/preempt_enable()".
We make sure the previous array containing probes, which has been
scheduled for deletion by the rcu callback, is indeed freed before we
proceed to the next update. It therefore limits the rate of modification
of a single tracepoint to one update per RCU period. The objective here
is to permit fast batch add/removal of probes on _different_
tracepoints.
Changelog :
- Use #name ":" #proto as string to identify the tracepoint in the
tracepoint table. This will make sure not type mismatch happens due to
connexion of a probe with the wrong type to a tracepoint declared with
the same name in a different header.
- Add tracepoint_entry_free_old.
- Change __TO_TRACE to get rid of the 'i' iterator.
Masami Hiramatsu <mhiramat@redhat.com> :
Tested on x86-64.
Performance impact of a tracepoint : same as markers, except that it
adds about 70 bytes of instructions in an unlikely branch of each
instrumented function (the for loop, the stack setup and the function
call). It currently adds a memory read, a test and a conditional branch
at the instrumentation site (in the hot path). Immediate values will
eventually change this into a load immediate, test and branch, which
removes the memory read which will make the i-cache impact smaller
(changing the memory read for a load immediate removes 3-4 bytes per
site on x86_32 (depending on mov prefixes), or 7-8 bytes on x86_64, it
also saves the d-cache hit).
About the performance impact of tracepoints (which is comparable to
markers), even without immediate values optimizations, tests done by
Hideo Aoki on ia64 show no regression. His test case was using hackbench
on a kernel where scheduler instrumentation (about 5 events in code
scheduler code) was added.
Quoting Hideo Aoki about Markers :
I evaluated overhead of kernel marker using linux-2.6-sched-fixes git
tree, which includes several markers for LTTng, using an ia64 server.
While the immediate trace mark feature isn't implemented on ia64, there
is no major performance regression. So, I think that we don't have any
issues to propose merging marker point patches into Linus's tree from
the viewpoint of performance impact.
I prepared two kernels to evaluate. The first one was compiled without
CONFIG_MARKERS. The second one was enabled CONFIG_MARKERS.
I downloaded the original hackbench from the following URL:
http://devresources.linux-foundation.org/craiger/hackbench/src/hackbench.c
I ran hackbench 5 times in each condition and calculated the average and
difference between the kernels.
The parameter of hackbench: every 50 from 50 to 800
The number of CPUs of the server: 2, 4, and 8
Below is the results. As you can see, major performance regression
wasn't found in any case. Even if number of processes increases,
differences between marker-enabled kernel and marker- disabled kernel
doesn't increase. Moreover, if number of CPUs increases, the differences
doesn't increase either.
Curiously, marker-enabled kernel is better than marker-disabled kernel
in more than half cases, although I guess it comes from the difference
of memory access pattern.
* 2 CPUs
Number of | without | with | diff | diff |
processes | Marker [Sec] | Marker [Sec] | [Sec] | [%] |
--------------------------------------------------------------
50 | 4.811 | 4.872 | +0.061 | +1.27 |
100 | 9.854 | 10.309 | +0.454 | +4.61 |
150 | 15.602 | 15.040 | -0.562 | -3.6 |
200 | 20.489 | 20.380 | -0.109 | -0.53 |
250 | 25.798 | 25.652 | -0.146 | -0.56 |
300 | 31.260 | 30.797 | -0.463 | -1.48 |
350 | 36.121 | 35.770 | -0.351 | -0.97 |
400 | 42.288 | 42.102 | -0.186 | -0.44 |
450 | 47.778 | 47.253 | -0.526 | -1.1 |
500 | 51.953 | 52.278 | +0.325 | +0.63 |
550 | 58.401 | 57.700 | -0.701 | -1.2 |
600 | 63.334 | 63.222 | -0.112 | -0.18 |
650 | 68.816 | 68.511 | -0.306 | -0.44 |
700 | 74.667 | 74.088 | -0.579 | -0.78 |
750 | 78.612 | 79.582 | +0.970 | +1.23 |
800 | 85.431 | 85.263 | -0.168 | -0.2 |
--------------------------------------------------------------
* 4 CPUs
Number of | without | with | diff | diff |
processes | Marker [Sec] | Marker [Sec] | [Sec] | [%] |
--------------------------------------------------------------
50 | 2.586 | 2.584 | -0.003 | -0.1 |
100 | 5.254 | 5.283 | +0.030 | +0.56 |
150 | 8.012 | 8.074 | +0.061 | +0.76 |
200 | 11.172 | 11.000 | -0.172 | -1.54 |
250 | 13.917 | 14.036 | +0.119 | +0.86 |
300 | 16.905 | 16.543 | -0.362 | -2.14 |
350 | 19.901 | 20.036 | +0.135 | +0.68 |
400 | 22.908 | 23.094 | +0.186 | +0.81 |
450 | 26.273 | 26.101 | -0.172 | -0.66 |
500 | 29.554 | 29.092 | -0.461 | -1.56 |
550 | 32.377 | 32.274 | -0.103 | -0.32 |
600 | 35.855 | 35.322 | -0.533 | -1.49 |
650 | 39.192 | 38.388 | -0.804 | -2.05 |
700 | 41.744 | 41.719 | -0.025 | -0.06 |
750 | 45.016 | 44.496 | -0.520 | -1.16 |
800 | 48.212 | 47.603 | -0.609 | -1.26 |
--------------------------------------------------------------
* 8 CPUs
Number of | without | with | diff | diff |
processes | Marker [Sec] | Marker [Sec] | [Sec] | [%] |
--------------------------------------------------------------
50 | 2.094 | 2.072 | -0.022 | -1.07 |
100 | 4.162 | 4.273 | +0.111 | +2.66 |
150 | 6.485 | 6.540 | +0.055 | +0.84 |
200 | 8.556 | 8.478 | -0.078 | -0.91 |
250 | 10.458 | 10.258 | -0.200 | -1.91 |
300 | 12.425 | 12.750 | +0.325 | +2.62 |
350 | 14.807 | 14.839 | +0.032 | +0.22 |
400 | 16.801 | 16.959 | +0.158 | +0.94 |
450 | 19.478 | 19.009 | -0.470 | -2.41 |
500 | 21.296 | 21.504 | +0.208 | +0.98 |
550 | 23.842 | 23.979 | +0.137 | +0.57 |
600 | 26.309 | 26.111 | -0.198 | -0.75 |
650 | 28.705 | 28.446 | -0.259 | -0.9 |
700 | 31.233 | 31.394 | +0.161 | +0.52 |
750 | 34.064 | 33.720 | -0.344 | -1.01 |
800 | 36.320 | 36.114 | -0.206 | -0.57 |
--------------------------------------------------------------
Signed-off-by: Mathieu Desnoyers <mathieu.desnoyers@polymtl.ca>
Acked-by: Masami Hiramatsu <mhiramat@redhat.com>
Acked-by: 'Peter Zijlstra' <peterz@infradead.org>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
I noticed that sysctl_check.o was the largest object file in
a allnoconfig build in kernel/*.
36243 0 0 36243 8d93 kernel/sysctl_check.o
This is because it was default y and && EMBEDDED. But I don't
really see a need for a non kernel developer to have their
sysctls checked all the time.
So move the Kconfig into the kernel debugging section and
also drop the default y and the EMBEDDED check.
Signed-off-by: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Given that the init/Kconfig file uses a "menuconfig" directive for
modules already, might as well wrap all the submenu entries in an "if"
to toss all those dependencies.
Signed-off-by: Robert P. J. Day <rpjday@crashcourse.ca>
Acked-by: Randy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: Sam Ravnborg <sam@ravnborg.org>
Change the "If unsure" message to match the default value.
Signed-off-by: John Kacur <jkacur at gmail dot com>
Signed-off-by: Sam Ravnborg <sam@ravnborg.org>
Following patch corrects URL of "The GNU Accounting Utilities" in init/Kconfig.
Noticed by: Bart Van Assche" <bart.vanassche@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: S.Çağlar Onur <caglar@pardus.org.tr>
Signed-off-by: Sam Ravnborg <sam@ravnborg.org>
... as preparation for removing it completely, make it an
invisible bool defaulting to yes.
Signed-off-by: Johannes Berg <johannes@sipsolutions.net>
Signed-off-by: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>
module.c and module.h conatains code for finding
exported symbols which are declared with EXPORT_UNUSED_SYMBOL,
and this code is compiled in even if CONFIG_UNUSED_SYMBOLS is not set
and thus there can be no EXPORT_UNUSED_SYMBOLs in modules anyway
(because EXPORT_UNUSED_SYMBOL(x) are compiled out to nothing then).
This patch adds required #ifdefs.
Signed-off-by: Denys Vlasenko <vda.linux@googlemail.com>
Signed-off-by: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>
Currently x86_32, sh and cris-v32 provide per-device coherent dma
memory allocator.
However their implementation is nearly identical. Refactor out
common code to be reused by them.
Signed-off-by: Dmitry Baryshkov <dbaryshkov@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
init/Kconfig contains a list of configs that are searched
for if 'make *config' are used with no .config present.
Extend this list to look at the config identified by
ARCH_DEFCONFIG.
With this change we now try the defconfig targets last.
This fixes a regression reported
by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Sam Ravnborg <sam@ravnborg.org>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com>
Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@zytor.com>
Linus found a logic bug: we ignore the version number in a module's
vermagic string if we have CONFIG_MODVERSIONS set, but modversions
also lets through a module with no __versions section for modprobe
--force (with tainting, but still).
We should only ignore the start of the vermagic string if the module
actually *has* crcs to check. Rather than (say) having an
entertaining hissy fit and creating a config option to work around the
buggy code.
Signed-off-by: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
fix pcspkr dependancies: make the pcspkr platform
drivers to depend on a platform device, and
not the other way around.
Signed-off-by: Stas Sergeev <stsp@aknet.ru>
Acked-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Acked-by: Dmitry Torokhov <dtor@mail.ru>
CC: Vojtech Pavlik <vojtech@suse.cz>
CC: Michael Opdenacker <michael-lists@free-electrons.com>
[fixed for 2.6.26-rc1 by tiwai]
Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
GROUP_SCHED is confirmed to cause unacceptable latencies, see:
http://lkml.org/lkml/2008/5/2/370.
Mark it EXPERIMENTAL and default to no for now.
Signed-off-by: Parag Warudkar <parag.warudkar@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
The kernel module loader used to be much too happy to allow loading of
modules for the wrong kernel version by default. For example, if you
had MODVERSIONS enabled, but tried to load a module with no version
info, it would happily load it and taint the kernel - whether it was
likely to actually work or not!
Generally, such forced module loading should be considered a really
really bad idea, so make it conditional on a new config option
(MODULE_FORCE_LOAD), and make it default to off.
If somebody really wants to force module loads, that's their problem,
but we should not encourage it. Especially as it happened to me by
mistake (ie regular unversioned Fedora modules getting loaded) causing
lots of strange behavior.
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
If we make SLUB_DEBUG depend on SYSFS then we can simplify some
#ifdefs and avoid others.
Signed-off-by: Christoph Lameter <clameter@sgi.com>
Signed-off-by: Pekka Enberg <penberg@cs.helsinki.fi>
Disable sysctl_check.c for embedded targets. This saves about about 11 kB
in .text and another 11 kB in .data on a PXA255 embedded platform.
Signed-off-by: Holger Schurig <hs4233@mail.mn-solutions.de>
Cc: "Eric W. Biederman" <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Remove the mem_cgroup member from mm_struct and instead adds an owner.
This approach was suggested by Paul Menage. The advantage of this approach
is that, once the mm->owner is known, using the subsystem id, the cgroup
can be determined. It also allows several control groups that are
virtually grouped by mm_struct, to exist independent of the memory
controller i.e., without adding mem_cgroup's for each controller, to
mm_struct.
A new config option CONFIG_MM_OWNER is added and the memory resource
controller selects this config option.
This patch also adds cgroup callbacks to notify subsystems when mm->owner
changes. The mm_cgroup_changed callback is called with the task_lock() of
the new task held and is called just prior to changing the mm->owner.
I am indebted to Paul Menage for the several reviews of this patchset and
helping me make it lighter and simpler.
This patch was tested on a powerpc box, it was compiled with both the
MM_OWNER config turned on and off.
After the thread group leader exits, it's moved to init_css_state by
cgroup_exit(), thus all future charges from runnings threads would be
redirected to the init_css_set's subsystem.
Signed-off-by: Balbir Singh <balbir@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Pavel Emelianov <xemul@openvz.org>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hugh@veritas.com>
Cc: Sudhir Kumar <skumar@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: YAMAMOTO Takashi <yamamoto@valinux.co.jp>
Cc: Hirokazu Takahashi <taka@valinux.co.jp>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>,
Cc: Balbir Singh <balbir@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Acked-by: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Acked-by: Pekka Enberg <penberg@cs.helsinki.fi>
Reviewed-by: Paul Menage <menage@google.com>
Cc: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@tv-sign.ru>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Implement a cgroup to track and enforce open and mknod restrictions on device
files. A device cgroup associates a device access whitelist with each cgroup.
A whitelist entry has 4 fields. 'type' is a (all), c (char), or b (block).
'all' means it applies to all types and all major and minor numbers. Major
and minor are either an integer or * for all. Access is a composition of r
(read), w (write), and m (mknod).
The root device cgroup starts with rwm to 'all'. A child devcg gets a copy of
the parent. Admins can then remove devices from the whitelist or add new
entries. A child cgroup can never receive a device access which is denied its
parent. However when a device access is removed from a parent it will not
also be removed from the child(ren).
An entry is added using devices.allow, and removed using
devices.deny. For instance
echo 'c 1:3 mr' > /cgroups/1/devices.allow
allows cgroup 1 to read and mknod the device usually known as
/dev/null. Doing
echo a > /cgroups/1/devices.deny
will remove the default 'a *:* mrw' entry.
CAP_SYS_ADMIN is needed to change permissions or move another task to a new
cgroup. A cgroup may not be granted more permissions than the cgroup's parent
has. Any task can move itself between cgroups. This won't be sufficient, but
we can decide the best way to adequately restrict movement later.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: coding-style fixes]
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix may-be-used-uninitialized warning]
Signed-off-by: Serge E. Hallyn <serue@us.ibm.com>
Acked-by: James Morris <jmorris@namei.org>
Looks-good-to: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@openvz.org>
Cc: Daniel Hokka Zakrisson <daniel@hozac.com>
Cc: Li Zefan <lizf@cn.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Paul Menage <menage@google.com>
Cc: Balbir Singh <balbir@in.ibm.com>
Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The cgroup debug subsystem isn't generally useful for users. It should
default to "n".
Signed-off-by: Paul Menage <menage@google.com>
Cc: "Li Zefan" <lizf@cn.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Balbir Singh <balbir@in.ibm.com>
Cc: Paul Jackson <pj@sgi.com>
Cc: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@openvz.org>
Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: "YAMAMOTO Takashi" <yamamoto@valinux.co.jp>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
16 kB is often no longer enough for a normal boot of an UP system.
And even less when people e.g. use suspend.
17 seems to be a more reasonable default for current kernels on current
hardware (it's just the default, anyone who is memory limited can still lower
it).
Signed-off-by: Adrian Bunk <bunk@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Randy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
