Commit Graph

113 Commits

Author SHA1 Message Date
Jason A. Donenfeld
197173db99 treewide: use get_random_bytes() when possible
The prandom_bytes() function has been a deprecated inline wrapper around
get_random_bytes() for several releases now, and compiles down to the
exact same code. Replace the deprecated wrapper with a direct call to
the real function. This was done as a basic find and replace.

Reviewed-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Reviewed-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Reviewed-by: Yury Norov <yury.norov@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Christophe Leroy <christophe.leroy@csgroup.eu> # powerpc
Acked-by: Jakub Kicinski <kuba@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Jason A. Donenfeld <Jason@zx2c4.com>
2022-10-11 17:42:58 -06:00
Jason A. Donenfeld
a251c17aa5 treewide: use get_random_u32() when possible
The prandom_u32() function has been a deprecated inline wrapper around
get_random_u32() for several releases now, and compiles down to the
exact same code. Replace the deprecated wrapper with a direct call to
the real function. The same also applies to get_random_int(), which is
just a wrapper around get_random_u32(). This was done as a basic find
and replace.

Reviewed-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Reviewed-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Reviewed-by: Yury Norov <yury.norov@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz> # for ext4
Acked-by: Toke Høiland-Jørgensen <toke@toke.dk> # for sch_cake
Acked-by: Chuck Lever <chuck.lever@oracle.com> # for nfsd
Acked-by: Jakub Kicinski <kuba@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Mika Westerberg <mika.westerberg@linux.intel.com> # for thunderbolt
Acked-by: Darrick J. Wong <djwong@kernel.org> # for xfs
Acked-by: Helge Deller <deller@gmx.de> # for parisc
Acked-by: Heiko Carstens <hca@linux.ibm.com> # for s390
Signed-off-by: Jason A. Donenfeld <Jason@zx2c4.com>
2022-10-11 17:42:58 -06:00
David Gow
426752b253 kcsan: test: Add a .kunitconfig to run KCSAN tests
Add a .kunitconfig file, which provides a default, working config for
running the KCSAN tests. Note that it needs to run on an SMP machine, so
to run under kunit_tool, the --qemu_args option should be used (on a
supported architecture, like x86_64). For example:
./tools/testing/kunit/kunit.py run --arch=x86_64 --qemu_args='-smp 8'
					--kunitconfig=kernel/kcsan

Signed-off-by: David Gow <davidgow@google.com>
Reviewed-by: Marco Elver <elver@google.com>
Acked-by: Brendan Higgins <brendanhiggins@google.com>
Tested-by: Daniel Latypov <dlatypov@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Shuah Khan <skhan@linuxfoundation.org>
2022-07-22 09:22:59 -06:00
Linus Torvalds
64e34b50d7 linux-kselftest-kunit-5.19-rc1
This KUnit update for Linux 5.19-rc1 consists of several fixes, cleanups,
 and enhancements to tests and framework:
 
 - introduces _NULL and _NOT_NULL macros to pointer error checks
 
 - reworks kunit_resource allocation policy to fix memory leaks when
   caller doesn't specify free() function to be used when allocating
   memory using kunit_add_resource() and kunit_alloc_resource() funcs.
 
 - adds ability to specify suite-level init and exit functions
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Merge tag 'linux-kselftest-kunit-5.19-rc1' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/shuah/linux-kselftest

Pull KUnit updates from Shuah Khan:
 "Several fixes, cleanups, and enhancements to tests and framework:

   - introduce _NULL and _NOT_NULL macros to pointer error checks

   - rework kunit_resource allocation policy to fix memory leaks when
     caller doesn't specify free() function to be used when allocating
     memory using kunit_add_resource() and kunit_alloc_resource() funcs.

   - add ability to specify suite-level init and exit functions"

* tag 'linux-kselftest-kunit-5.19-rc1' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/shuah/linux-kselftest: (41 commits)
  kunit: tool: Use qemu-system-i386 for i386 runs
  kunit: fix executor OOM error handling logic on non-UML
  kunit: tool: update riscv QEMU config with new serial dependency
  kcsan: test: use new suite_{init,exit} support
  kunit: tool: Add list of all valid test configs on UML
  kunit: take `kunit_assert` as `const`
  kunit: tool: misc cleanups
  kunit: tool: minor cosmetic cleanups in kunit_parser.py
  kunit: tool: make parser stop overwriting status of suites w/ no_tests
  kunit: tool: remove dead parse_crash_in_log() logic
  kunit: tool: print clearer error message when there's no TAP output
  kunit: tool: stop using a shell to run kernel under QEMU
  kunit: tool: update test counts summary line format
  kunit: bail out of test filtering logic quicker if OOM
  lib/Kconfig.debug: change KUnit tests to default to KUNIT_ALL_TESTS
  kunit: Rework kunit_resource allocation policy
  kunit: fix debugfs code to use enum kunit_status, not bool
  kfence: test: use new suite_{init/exit} support, add .kunitconfig
  kunit: add ability to specify suite-level init and exit functions
  kunit: rename print_subtest_{start,end} for clarity (s/subtest/suite)
  ...
2022-05-25 11:32:53 -07:00
Marco Elver
2434031c7c kcsan: test: use new suite_{init,exit} support
Use the newly added suite_{init,exit} support for suite-wide init and
cleanup. This avoids the unsupported method by which the test used to do
suite-wide init and cleanup (avoiding issues such as missing TAP
headers, and possible future conflicts).

Signed-off-by: Marco Elver <elver@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Shuah Khan <skhan@linuxfoundation.org>
2022-05-16 13:23:49 -06:00
Valentin Schneider
5693fa74f9 kcsan: Use preemption model accessors
Per PREEMPT_DYNAMIC, checking CONFIG_PREEMPT doesn't tell you the actual
preemption model of the live kernel. Use the newly-introduced accessors
instead.

Signed-off-by: Valentin Schneider <valentin.schneider@arm.com>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org>
Reviewed-by: Marco Elver <elver@google.com>
Acked-by: Frederic Weisbecker <frederic@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20211112185203.280040-4-valentin.schneider@arm.com
2022-04-05 10:24:42 +02:00
Linus Torvalds
1be5bdf8cd KCSAN updates for v5.17
This series provides KCSAN fixes and also the ability to take memory
 barriers into account for weakly-ordered systems.  This last can increase
 the probability of detecting certain types of data races.
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Merge tag 'kcsan.2022.01.09a' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/paulmck/linux-rcu

Pull KCSAN updates from Paul McKenney:
 "This provides KCSAN fixes and also the ability to take memory barriers
  into account for weakly-ordered systems. This last can increase the
  probability of detecting certain types of data races"

* tag 'kcsan.2022.01.09a' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/paulmck/linux-rcu: (29 commits)
  kcsan: Only test clear_bit_unlock_is_negative_byte if arch defines it
  kcsan: Avoid nested contexts reading inconsistent reorder_access
  kcsan: Turn barrier instrumentation into macros
  kcsan: Make barrier tests compatible with lockdep
  kcsan: Support WEAK_MEMORY with Clang where no objtool support exists
  compiler_attributes.h: Add __disable_sanitizer_instrumentation
  objtool, kcsan: Remove memory barrier instrumentation from noinstr
  objtool, kcsan: Add memory barrier instrumentation to whitelist
  sched, kcsan: Enable memory barrier instrumentation
  mm, kcsan: Enable barrier instrumentation
  x86/qspinlock, kcsan: Instrument barrier of pv_queued_spin_unlock()
  x86/barriers, kcsan: Use generic instrumentation for non-smp barriers
  asm-generic/bitops, kcsan: Add instrumentation for barriers
  locking/atomics, kcsan: Add instrumentation for barriers
  locking/barriers, kcsan: Support generic instrumentation
  locking/barriers, kcsan: Add instrumentation for barriers
  kcsan: selftest: Add test case to check memory barrier instrumentation
  kcsan: Ignore GCC 11+ warnings about TSan runtime support
  kcsan: test: Add test cases for memory barrier instrumentation
  kcsan: test: Match reordered or normal accesses
  ...
2022-01-11 09:51:26 -08:00
Kefeng Wang
dd03762ab6 arm64: Enable KCSAN
This patch enables KCSAN for arm64, with updates to build rules
to not use KCSAN for several incompatible compilation units.

Recent GCC version(at least GCC10) made outline-atomics as the
default option(unlike Clang), which will cause linker errors
for kernel/kcsan/core.o. Disables the out-of-line atomics by
no-outline-atomics to fix the linker errors.

Meanwhile, as Mark said[1], some latent issues are needed to be
fixed which isn't just a KCSAN problem, we make the KCSAN depends
on EXPERT for now.

Tested selftest and kcsan_test(built with GCC11 and Clang 13),
and all passed.

[1] https://lkml.kernel.org/r/YadiUPpJ0gADbiHQ@FVFF77S0Q05N

Acked-by: Marco Elver <elver@google.com> # kernel/kcsan
Tested-by: Joey Gouly <joey.gouly@arm.com>
Signed-off-by: Kefeng Wang <wangkefeng.wang@huawei.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20211211131734.126874-1-wangkefeng.wang@huawei.com
[catalin.marinas@arm.com: added comment to justify EXPERT]
Signed-off-by: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>
2021-12-14 18:54:34 +00:00
Marco Elver
b473a3891c kcsan: Only test clear_bit_unlock_is_negative_byte if arch defines it
Some architectures do not define clear_bit_unlock_is_negative_byte().
Only test it when it is actually defined (similar to other usage, such
as in lib/test_kasan.c).

Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/202112050757.x67rHnFU-lkp@intel.com
Reported-by: kernel test robot <lkp@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Marco Elver <elver@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>
2021-12-09 16:42:29 -08:00
Marco Elver
e3d2b72bbf kcsan: Avoid nested contexts reading inconsistent reorder_access
Nested contexts, such as nested interrupts or scheduler code, share the
same kcsan_ctx. When such a nested context reads an inconsistent
reorder_access due to an interrupt during set_reorder_access(), we can
observe the following warning:

 | ------------[ cut here ]------------
 | Cannot find frame for torture_random kernel/torture.c:456 in stack trace
 | WARNING: CPU: 13 PID: 147 at kernel/kcsan/report.c:343 replace_stack_entry kernel/kcsan/report.c:343
 | ...
 | Call Trace:
 |  <TASK>
 |  sanitize_stack_entries kernel/kcsan/report.c:351 [inline]
 |  print_report kernel/kcsan/report.c:409
 |  kcsan_report_known_origin kernel/kcsan/report.c:693
 |  kcsan_setup_watchpoint kernel/kcsan/core.c:658
 |  rcutorture_one_extend kernel/rcu/rcutorture.c:1475
 |  rcutorture_loop_extend kernel/rcu/rcutorture.c:1558 [inline]
 |  ...
 |  </TASK>
 | ---[ end trace ee5299cb933115f5 ]---
 | ==================================================================
 | BUG: KCSAN: data-race in _raw_spin_lock_irqsave / rcutorture_one_extend
 |
 | write (reordered) to 0xffffffff8c93b300 of 8 bytes by task 154 on cpu 12:
 |  queued_spin_lock                include/asm-generic/qspinlock.h:80 [inline]
 |  do_raw_spin_lock                include/linux/spinlock.h:185 [inline]
 |  __raw_spin_lock_irqsave         include/linux/spinlock_api_smp.h:111 [inline]
 |  _raw_spin_lock_irqsave          kernel/locking/spinlock.c:162
 |  try_to_wake_up                  kernel/sched/core.c:4003
 |  sysvec_apic_timer_interrupt     arch/x86/kernel/apic/apic.c:1097
 |  asm_sysvec_apic_timer_interrupt arch/x86/include/asm/idtentry.h:638
 |  set_reorder_access              kernel/kcsan/core.c:416 [inline]    <-- inconsistent reorder_access
 |  kcsan_setup_watchpoint          kernel/kcsan/core.c:693
 |  rcutorture_one_extend           kernel/rcu/rcutorture.c:1475
 |  rcutorture_loop_extend          kernel/rcu/rcutorture.c:1558 [inline]
 |  rcu_torture_one_read            kernel/rcu/rcutorture.c:1600
 |  rcu_torture_reader              kernel/rcu/rcutorture.c:1692
 |  kthread                         kernel/kthread.c:327
 |  ret_from_fork                   arch/x86/entry/entry_64.S:295
 |
 | read to 0xffffffff8c93b300 of 8 bytes by task 147 on cpu 13:
 |  rcutorture_one_extend           kernel/rcu/rcutorture.c:1475
 |  rcutorture_loop_extend          kernel/rcu/rcutorture.c:1558 [inline]
 |  ...

The warning is telling us that there was a data race which KCSAN wants
to report, but the function where the original access (that is now
reordered) happened cannot be found in the stack trace, which prevents
KCSAN from generating the right stack trace. The stack trace of "write
(reordered)" now only shows where the access was reordered to, but
should instead show the stack trace of the original write, with a final
line saying "reordered to".

At the point where set_reorder_access() is interrupted, it just set
reorder_access->ptr and size, at which point size is non-zero. This is
sufficient (if ctx->disable_scoped is zero) for further accesses from
nested contexts to perform checking of this reorder_access.

That then happened in _raw_spin_lock_irqsave(), which is called by
scheduler code. However, since reorder_access->ip is still stale (ptr
and size belong to a different ip not yet set) this finally leads to
replace_stack_entry() not finding the frame in reorder_access->ip and
generating the above warning.

Fix it by ensuring that a nested context cannot access reorder_access
while we update it in set_reorder_access(): set ctx->disable_scoped for
the duration that reorder_access is updated, which effectively locks
reorder_access and prevents concurrent use by nested contexts. Note,
set_reorder_access() can do the update only if disabled_scoped is zero
on entry, and must therefore set disable_scoped back to non-zero after
the initial check in set_reorder_access().

Signed-off-by: Marco Elver <elver@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>
2021-12-09 16:42:29 -08:00
Marco Elver
a70d36e6a0 kcsan: Make barrier tests compatible with lockdep
The barrier tests in selftest and the kcsan_test module only need the
spinlock and mutex to test correct barrier instrumentation. Therefore,
these were initially placed on the stack.

However, lockdep asserts that locks are in static storage, and will
generate this warning:

 | INFO: trying to register non-static key.
 | The code is fine but needs lockdep annotation, or maybe
 | you didn't initialize this object before use?
 | turning off the locking correctness validator.
 | CPU: 0 PID: 1 Comm: swapper/0 Not tainted 5.16.0-rc1+ #3208
 | Hardware name: QEMU Standard PC (Q35 + ICH9, 2009), BIOS 1.13.0-1ubuntu1.1 04/01/2014
 | Call Trace:
 |  <TASK>
 |  dump_stack_lvl+0x88/0xd8
 |  dump_stack+0x15/0x1b
 |  register_lock_class+0x6b3/0x840
 |  ...
 |  test_barrier+0x490/0x14c7
 |  kcsan_selftest+0x47/0xa0
 |  ...

To fix, move the test locks into static storage.

Fixing the above also revealed that lock operations are strengthened on
first use with lockdep enabled, due to lockdep calling out into
non-instrumented files (recall that kernel/locking/lockdep.c is not
instrumented with KCSAN).

Only kcsan_test checks for over-instrumentation of *_lock() operations,
where we can simply "warm up" the test locks to avoid the test case
failing with lockdep.

Reported-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Marco Elver <elver@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>
2021-12-09 16:42:28 -08:00
Marco Elver
71b0e3aeb2 kcsan: selftest: Add test case to check memory barrier instrumentation
Memory barrier instrumentation is crucial to avoid false positives. To
avoid surprises, run a simple test case in the boot-time selftest to
ensure memory barriers are still instrumented correctly.

Signed-off-by: Marco Elver <elver@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>
2021-12-09 16:42:27 -08:00
Marco Elver
8bc32b3481 kcsan: test: Add test cases for memory barrier instrumentation
Adds test cases to check that memory barriers are instrumented
correctly, and detection of missing memory barriers is working as
intended if CONFIG_KCSAN_STRICT=y.

Signed-off-by: Marco Elver <elver@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>
2021-12-09 16:42:27 -08:00
Marco Elver
7310bd1f3e kcsan: test: Match reordered or normal accesses
Due to reordering accesses with weak memory modeling, any access can now
appear as "(reordered)".

Match any permutation of accesses if CONFIG_KCSAN_WEAK_MEMORY=y, so that
we effectively match an access if it is denoted "(reordered)" or not.

Signed-off-by: Marco Elver <elver@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>
2021-12-09 16:42:27 -08:00
Marco Elver
be3f6967ec kcsan: Show location access was reordered to
Also show the location the access was reordered to. An example report:

| ==================================================================
| BUG: KCSAN: data-race in test_kernel_wrong_memorder / test_kernel_wrong_memorder
|
| read-write to 0xffffffffc01e61a8 of 8 bytes by task 2311 on cpu 5:
|  test_kernel_wrong_memorder+0x57/0x90
|  access_thread+0x99/0xe0
|  kthread+0x2ba/0x2f0
|  ret_from_fork+0x22/0x30
|
| read-write (reordered) to 0xffffffffc01e61a8 of 8 bytes by task 2310 on cpu 7:
|  test_kernel_wrong_memorder+0x57/0x90
|  access_thread+0x99/0xe0
|  kthread+0x2ba/0x2f0
|  ret_from_fork+0x22/0x30
|   |
|   +-> reordered to: test_kernel_wrong_memorder+0x80/0x90
|
| Reported by Kernel Concurrency Sanitizer on:
| CPU: 7 PID: 2310 Comm: access_thread Not tainted 5.14.0-rc1+ #18
| Hardware name: QEMU Standard PC (i440FX + PIIX, 1996), BIOS 1.14.0-2 04/01/2014
| ==================================================================

Reviewed-by: Boqun Feng <boqun.feng@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Marco Elver <elver@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>
2021-12-09 16:42:27 -08:00
Marco Elver
3cc21a5312 kcsan: Call scoped accesses reordered in reports
The scoping of an access simply denotes the scope in which it may be
reordered. However, in reports, it'll be less confusing to say the
access is "reordered". This is more accurate when the race occurred.

Signed-off-by: Marco Elver <elver@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>
2021-12-09 16:42:26 -08:00
Marco Elver
0b8b0830ac kcsan: Add core memory barrier instrumentation functions
Add the core memory barrier instrumentation functions. These invalidate
the current in-flight reordered access based on the rules for the
respective barrier types and in-flight access type.

To obtain barrier instrumentation that can be disabled via __no_kcsan
with appropriate compiler-support (and not just with objtool help),
barrier instrumentation repurposes __atomic_signal_fence(), instead of
inserting explicit calls. Crucially, __atomic_signal_fence() normally
does not map to any real instructions, but is still intercepted by
fsanitize=thread. As a result, like any other instrumentation done by
the compiler, barrier instrumentation can be disabled with __no_kcsan.

Unfortunately Clang and GCC currently differ in their __no_kcsan aka
__no_sanitize_thread behaviour with respect to builtin atomics (and
__tsan_func_{entry,exit}) instrumentation. This is already reflected in
Kconfig.kcsan's dependencies for KCSAN_WEAK_MEMORY. A later change will
introduce support for newer versions of Clang that can implement
__no_kcsan to also remove the additional instrumentation introduced by
KCSAN_WEAK_MEMORY.

Signed-off-by: Marco Elver <elver@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>
2021-12-09 16:42:26 -08:00
Marco Elver
69562e4983 kcsan: Add core support for a subset of weak memory modeling
Add support for modeling a subset of weak memory, which will enable
detection of a subset of data races due to missing memory barriers.

KCSAN's approach to detecting missing memory barriers is based on
modeling access reordering, and enabled if `CONFIG_KCSAN_WEAK_MEMORY=y`,
which depends on `CONFIG_KCSAN_STRICT=y`. The feature can be enabled or
disabled at boot and runtime via the `kcsan.weak_memory` boot parameter.

Each memory access for which a watchpoint is set up, is also selected
for simulated reordering within the scope of its function (at most 1
in-flight access).

We are limited to modeling the effects of "buffering" (delaying the
access), since the runtime cannot "prefetch" accesses (therefore no
acquire modeling). Once an access has been selected for reordering, it
is checked along every other access until the end of the function scope.
If an appropriate memory barrier is encountered, the access will no
longer be considered for reordering.

When the result of a memory operation should be ordered by a barrier,
KCSAN can then detect data races where the conflict only occurs as a
result of a missing barrier due to reordering accesses.

Suggested-by: Dmitry Vyukov <dvyukov@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Marco Elver <elver@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>
2021-12-09 16:42:26 -08:00
Marco Elver
9756f64c8f kcsan: Avoid checking scoped accesses from nested contexts
Avoid checking scoped accesses from nested contexts (such as nested
interrupts or in scheduler code) which share the same kcsan_ctx.

This is to avoid detecting false positive races of accesses in the same
thread with currently scoped accesses: consider setting up a watchpoint
for a non-scoped (normal) access that also "conflicts" with a current
scoped access. In a nested interrupt (or in the scheduler), which shares
the same kcsan_ctx, we cannot check scoped accesses set up in the parent
context -- simply ignore them in this case.

With the introduction of kcsan_ctx::disable_scoped, we can also clean up
kcsan_check_scoped_accesses()'s recursion guard, and do not need to
modify the list's prev pointer.

Signed-off-by: Marco Elver <elver@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>
2021-12-09 16:42:26 -08:00
Marco Elver
71f8de7092 kcsan: Remove redundant zero-initialization of globals
They are implicitly zero-initialized, remove explicit initialization.
It keeps the upcoming additions to kcsan_ctx consistent with the rest.

No functional change intended.

Signed-off-by: Marco Elver <elver@google.com>
Acked-by: Mark Rutland <mark.rutland@arm.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>
2021-12-09 16:42:26 -08:00
Marco Elver
12305abe98 kcsan: Refactor reading of instrumented memory
Factor out the switch statement reading instrumented memory into a
helper read_instrumented_memory().

No functional change.

Signed-off-by: Marco Elver <elver@google.com>
Acked-by: Mark Rutland <mark.rutland@arm.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>
2021-12-09 16:42:26 -08:00
Marco Elver
ac20e39e8d kcsan: selftest: Cleanup and add missing __init
Make test_encode_decode() more readable and add missing __init.

Signed-off-by: Marco Elver <elver@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>
2021-09-13 16:41:20 -07:00
Marco Elver
78c3d954e2 kcsan: Move ctx to start of argument list
It is clearer if ctx is at the start of the function argument list;
it'll be more consistent when adding functions with varying arguments
but all requiring ctx.

No functional change intended.

Signed-off-by: Marco Elver <elver@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>
2021-09-13 16:41:19 -07:00
Marco Elver
d627c537c2 kcsan: Support reporting scoped read-write access type
Support generating the string representation of scoped read-write
accesses for completeness. They will become required in planned changes.

Signed-off-by: Marco Elver <elver@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>
2021-09-13 16:41:19 -07:00
Marco Elver
6c65eb7568 kcsan: Start stack trace with explicit location if provided
If an explicit access address is set, as is done for scoped accesses,
always start the stack trace from that location. get_stack_skipnr() is
changed into sanitize_stack_entries(), which if given an address, scans
the stack trace for a matching function and then replaces that entry
with the explicitly provided address.

The previous reports for scoped accesses were all over the place, which
could be quite confusing. We now always point at the start of the scope.

Signed-off-by: Marco Elver <elver@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>
2021-09-13 16:41:19 -07:00
Marco Elver
f4c87dbbef kcsan: Save instruction pointer for scoped accesses
Save the instruction pointer for scoped accesses, so that it becomes
possible for the reporting code to construct more accurate stack traces
that will show the start of the scope.

Signed-off-by: Marco Elver <elver@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>
2021-09-13 16:41:19 -07:00
Marco Elver
55a55fec50 kcsan: Add ability to pass instruction pointer of access to reporting
Add the ability to pass an explicitly set instruction pointer of access
from check_access() all the way through to reporting.

In preparation of using it in reporting.

Signed-off-by: Marco Elver <elver@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>
2021-09-13 16:41:19 -07:00
Marco Elver
ade3a58b2d kcsan: test: Fix flaky test case
If CONFIG_KCSAN_REPORT_VALUE_CHANGE_ONLY=n, then we may also see data
races between the writers only. If we get unlucky and never capture a
read-write data race, but only the write-write data races, then the
test_no_value_change* test cases may incorrectly fail.

The second problem is that the initial value needs to be reset, as
otherwise we might actually observe a value change at the start.

Fix it by also looking for the write-write data races, and resetting the
value to what will be written.

Signed-off-by: Marco Elver <elver@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>
2021-09-13 16:41:19 -07:00
Marco Elver
8080428410 kcsan: test: Use kunit_skip() to skip tests
Use the new kunit_skip() to skip tests if requirements were not met.

Signed-off-by: Marco Elver <elver@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>
2021-09-13 16:41:19 -07:00
Marco Elver
e80704272f kcsan: test: Defer kcsan_test_init() after kunit initialization
When the test is built into the kernel (not a module), kcsan_test_init()
and kunit_init() both use late_initcall(), which means kcsan_test_init()
might see a NULL debugfs_rootdir as parent dentry, resulting in
kcsan_test_init() and kcsan_debugfs_init() both trying to create a
debugfs node named "kcsan" in debugfs root. One of them will show an
error and be unsuccessful.

Defer kcsan_test_init() until we're sure kunit was initialized.

Signed-off-by: Marco Elver <elver@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>
2021-09-13 16:41:19 -07:00
Linus Torvalds
aa829778b1 LKMM updates:
- Update documentation and code example
 
 KCSAN updates:
 
  - Introduce CONFIG_KCSAN_STRICT (which RCU uses)
  - Optimize use of get_ctx() by kcsan_found_watchpoint()
  - Rework atomic.h into permissive.h
  - Add the ability to ignore writes that change only one bit of a given data-racy variable.
  - Improve comments
 
 Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
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Merge tag 'locking-debug-2021-09-01' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip

Pull memory model updates from Ingo Molnar:
 "LKMM updates:

   - Update documentation and code example

  KCSAN updates:

   - Introduce CONFIG_KCSAN_STRICT (which RCU uses)

   - Optimize use of get_ctx() by kcsan_found_watchpoint()

   - Rework atomic.h into permissive.h

   - Add the ability to ignore writes that change only one bit of a
     given data-racy variable.

   - Improve comments"

* tag 'locking-debug-2021-09-01' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip:
  tools/memory-model: Document data_race(READ_ONCE())
  tools/memory-model: Heuristics using data_race() must handle all values
  tools/memory-model: Add example for heuristic lockless reads
  tools/memory-model: Make read_foo_diagnostic() more clearly diagnostic
  kcsan: Make strict mode imply interruptible watchers
  kcsan: permissive: Ignore data-racy 1-bit value changes
  kcsan: Print if strict or non-strict during init
  kcsan: Rework atomic.h into permissive.h
  kcsan: Reduce get_ctx() uses in kcsan_found_watchpoint()
  kcsan: Introduce CONFIG_KCSAN_STRICT
  kcsan: Remove CONFIG_KCSAN_DEBUG
  kcsan: Improve some Kconfig comments
2021-09-02 13:00:15 -07:00
Heiko Carstens
09b1b13461 kcsan: use u64 instead of cycles_t
cycles_t has a different type across architectures: unsigned int,
unsinged long, or unsigned long long. Depending on architecture this
will generate this warning:

kernel/kcsan/debugfs.c: In function ‘microbenchmark’:
./include/linux/kern_levels.h:5:25: warning: format ‘%llu’ expects argument of type ‘long long unsigned int’, but argument 3 has type ‘cycles_t’ {aka ‘long unsigned int’} [-Wformat=]

To avoid this simply change the type of cycle to u64 in microbenchmark(),
since u64 is of type unsigned long long for all architectures.

Acked-by: Marco Elver <elver@google.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20210729142811.1309391-1-hca@linux.ibm.com
Signed-off-by: Heiko Carstens <hca@linux.ibm.com>
2021-07-30 17:09:02 +02:00
Marco Elver
d8fd74d35a kcsan: permissive: Ignore data-racy 1-bit value changes
Add rules to ignore data-racy reads with only 1-bit value changes.
Details about the rules are captured in comments in
kernel/kcsan/permissive.h. More background follows.

While investigating a number of data races, we've encountered data-racy
accesses on flags variables to be very common. The typical pattern is a
reader masking all but one bit, and/or the writer setting/clearing only
1 bit (current->flags being a frequently encountered case; more examples
in mm/sl[au]b.c, which disable KCSAN for this reason).

Since these types of data-racy accesses are common (with the assumption
they are intentional and hard to miscompile) having the option (with
CONFIG_KCSAN_PERMISSIVE=y) to filter them will avoid forcing everyone to
mark them, and deliberately left to preference at this time.

One important motivation for having this option built-in is to move
closer to being able to enable KCSAN on CI systems or for testers
wishing to test the whole kernel, while more easily filtering
less interesting data races with higher probability.

For the implementation, we considered several alternatives, but had one
major requirement: that the rules be kept together with the Linux-kernel
tree. Adding them to the compiler would preclude us from making changes
quickly; if the rules require tweaks, having them part of the compiler
requires waiting another ~1 year for the next release -- that's not
realistic. We are left with the following options:

	1. Maintain compiler plugins as part of the kernel-tree that
	   removes instrumentation for some accesses (e.g. plain-& with
	   1-bit mask). The analysis would be reader-side focused, as
	   no assumption can be made about racing writers.

Because it seems unrealistic to maintain 2 plugins, one for LLVM and
GCC, we would likely pick LLVM. Furthermore, no kernel infrastructure
exists to maintain LLVM plugins, and the build-system implications and
maintenance overheads do not look great (historically, plugins written
against old LLVM APIs are not guaranteed to work with newer LLVM APIs).

	2. Find a set of rules that can be expressed in terms of
	   observed value changes, and make it part of the KCSAN runtime.
	   The analysis is writer-side focused, given we rely on observed
	   value changes.

The approach taken here is (2). While a complete approach requires both
(1) and (2), experiments show that the majority of data races involving
trivial bit operations on flags variables can be removed with (2) alone.

It goes without saying that the filtering of data races using (1) or (2)
does _not_ guarantee they are safe! Therefore, limiting ourselves to (2)
for now is the conservative choice for setups that wish to enable
CONFIG_KCSAN_PERMISSIVE=y.

Signed-off-by: Marco Elver <elver@google.com>
Acked-by: Mark Rutland <mark.rutland@arm.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>
2021-07-20 13:49:44 -07:00
Marco Elver
9c827cd1fc kcsan: Print if strict or non-strict during init
Show a brief message if KCSAN is strict or non-strict, and if non-strict
also say that CONFIG_KCSAN_STRICT=y can be used to see all data races.

This is to hint to users of KCSAN who blindly use the default config
that their configuration might miss data races of interest.

Signed-off-by: Marco Elver <elver@google.com>
Acked-by: Mark Rutland <mark.rutland@arm.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>
2021-07-20 13:49:44 -07:00
Marco Elver
49f72d5358 kcsan: Rework atomic.h into permissive.h
Rework atomic.h into permissive.h to better reflect its purpose, and
introduce kcsan_ignore_address() and kcsan_ignore_data_race().

Introduce CONFIG_KCSAN_PERMISSIVE and update the stub functions in
preparation for subsequent changes.

As before, developers who choose to use KCSAN in "strict" mode will see
all data races and are not affected. Furthermore, by relying on the
value-change filter logic for kcsan_ignore_data_race(), even if the
permissive rules are enabled, the opt-outs in report.c:skip_report()
override them (such as for RCU-related functions by default).

The option CONFIG_KCSAN_PERMISSIVE is disabled by default, so that the
documented default behaviour of KCSAN does not change. Instead, like
CONFIG_KCSAN_IGNORE_ATOMICS, the option needs to be explicitly opted in.

Signed-off-by: Marco Elver <elver@google.com>
Acked-by: Mark Rutland <mark.rutland@arm.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>
2021-07-20 13:49:43 -07:00
Marco Elver
08cac60494 kcsan: Reduce get_ctx() uses in kcsan_found_watchpoint()
There are a number get_ctx() calls that are close to each other, which
results in poor codegen (repeated preempt_count loads).

Specifically in kcsan_found_watchpoint() (even though it's a slow-path)
it is beneficial to keep the race-window small until the watchpoint has
actually been consumed to avoid missed opportunities to report a race.

Let's clean it up a bit before we add more code in
kcsan_found_watchpoint().

Signed-off-by: Marco Elver <elver@google.com>
Acked-by: Mark Rutland <mark.rutland@arm.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>
2021-07-20 13:49:43 -07:00
Marco Elver
a7a7369736 kcsan: Remove CONFIG_KCSAN_DEBUG
By this point CONFIG_KCSAN_DEBUG is pretty useless, as the system just
isn't usable with it due to spamming console (I imagine a randconfig
test robot will run into this sooner or later). Remove it.

Back in 2019 I used it occasionally to record traces of watchpoints and
verify the encoding is correct, but these days we have proper tests. If
something similar is needed in future, just add it back ad-hoc.

Signed-off-by: Marco Elver <elver@google.com>
Acked-by: Mark Rutland <mark.rutland@arm.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>
2021-07-20 13:49:43 -07:00
Linus Torvalds
b97efd5e98 Merge branch 'kcsan.2021.05.18a' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/paulmck/linux-rcu
Pull KCSAN updates from Paul McKenney.

* 'kcsan.2021.05.18a' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/paulmck/linux-rcu:
  kcsan: Use URL link for pointing access-marking.txt
  kcsan: Document "value changed" line
  kcsan: Report observed value changes
  kcsan: Remove kcsan_report_type
  kcsan: Remove reporting indirection
  kcsan: Refactor access_info initialization
  kcsan: Fold panic() call into print_report()
  kcsan: Refactor passing watchpoint/other_info
  kcsan: Distinguish kcsan_report() calls
  kcsan: Simplify value change detection
  kcsan: Add pointer to access-marking.txt to data_race() bullet
2021-07-04 12:29:16 -07:00
Peter Zijlstra
b03fbd4ff2 sched: Introduce task_is_running()
Replace a bunch of 'p->state == TASK_RUNNING' with a new helper:
task_is_running(p).

Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org>
Acked-by: Davidlohr Bueso <dave@stgolabs.net>
Acked-by: Geert Uytterhoeven <geert@linux-m68k.org>
Acked-by: Will Deacon <will@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20210611082838.222401495@infradead.org
2021-06-18 11:43:07 +02:00
Mark Rutland
7bbe6dc0ad kcsan: Report observed value changes
When a thread detects that a memory location was modified without its
watchpoint being hit, the report notes that a change was detected, but
does not provide concrete values for the change. Knowing the concrete
values can be very helpful in tracking down any racy writers (e.g. as
specific values may only be written in some portions of code, or under
certain conditions).

When we detect a modification, let's report the concrete old/new values,
along with the access's mask of relevant bits (and which relevant bits
were modified). This can make it easier to identify potential racy
writers. As the snapshots are at most 8 bytes, we can only report values
for acceses up to this size, but this appears to cater for the common
case.

When we detect a race via a watchpoint, we may or may not have concrete
values for the modification. To be helpful, let's attempt to log them
when we do as they can be ignored where irrelevant.

The resulting reports appears as follows, with values zero-padded to the
access width:

| ==================================================================
| BUG: KCSAN: data-race in el0_svc_common+0x34/0x25c arch/arm64/kernel/syscall.c:96
|
| race at unknown origin, with read to 0xffff00007ae6aa00 of 8 bytes by task 223 on cpu 1:
|  el0_svc_common+0x34/0x25c arch/arm64/kernel/syscall.c:96
|  do_el0_svc+0x48/0xec arch/arm64/kernel/syscall.c:178
|  el0_svc arch/arm64/kernel/entry-common.c:226 [inline]
|  el0_sync_handler+0x1a4/0x390 arch/arm64/kernel/entry-common.c:236
|  el0_sync+0x140/0x180 arch/arm64/kernel/entry.S:674
|
| value changed: 0x0000000000000000 -> 0x0000000000000002
|
| Reported by Kernel Concurrency Sanitizer on:
| CPU: 1 PID: 223 Comm: syz-executor.1 Not tainted 5.8.0-rc3-00094-ga73f923ecc8e-dirty #3
| Hardware name: linux,dummy-virt (DT)
| ==================================================================

If an access mask is set, it is shown underneath the "value changed"
line as "bits changed: 0x<bits changed> with mask 0x<non-zero mask>".

Signed-off-by: Mark Rutland <mark.rutland@arm.com>
[ elver@google.com: align "value changed" and "bits changed" lines,
  which required massaging the message; do not print bits+mask if no
  mask set. ]
Signed-off-by: Marco Elver <elver@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>
2021-05-18 10:58:15 -07:00
Mark Rutland
609f809746 kcsan: Remove kcsan_report_type
Now that the reporting code has been refactored, it's clear by
construction that print_report() can only be passed
KCSAN_REPORT_RACE_SIGNAL or KCSAN_REPORT_RACE_UNKNOWN_ORIGIN, and these
can also be distinguished by the presence of `other_info`.

Let's simplify things and remove the report type enum, and instead let's
check `other_info` to distinguish these cases. This allows us to remove
code for cases which are impossible and generally makes the code simpler.

There should be no functional change as a result of this patch.

Signed-off-by: Mark Rutland <mark.rutland@arm.com>
[ elver@google.com: add updated comments to kcsan_report_*() functions ]
Signed-off-by: Marco Elver <elver@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>
2021-05-18 10:58:15 -07:00
Mark Rutland
19dfdc05ff kcsan: Remove reporting indirection
Now that we have separate kcsan_report_*() functions, we can factor the
distinct logic for each of the report cases out of kcsan_report(). While
this means each case has to handle mutual exclusion independently, this
minimizes the conditionality of code and makes it easier to read, and
will permit passing distinct bits of information to print_report() in
future.

There should be no functional change as a result of this patch.

Signed-off-by: Mark Rutland <mark.rutland@arm.com>
[ elver@google.com: retain comment about lockdep_off() ]
Signed-off-by: Marco Elver <elver@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>
2021-05-18 10:58:15 -07:00
Mark Rutland
39b2e763f2 kcsan: Refactor access_info initialization
In subsequent patches we'll want to split kcsan_report() into distinct
handlers for each report type. The largest bit of common work is
initializing the `access_info`, so let's factor this out into a helper,
and have the kcsan_report_*() functions pass the `aaccess_info` as a
parameter to kcsan_report().

There should be no functional change as a result of this patch.

Signed-off-by: Mark Rutland <mark.rutland@arm.com>
Signed-off-by: Marco Elver <elver@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>
2021-05-18 10:58:15 -07:00
Mark Rutland
97aa6139e1 kcsan: Fold panic() call into print_report()
So that we can add more callers of print_report(), lets fold the panic()
call into print_report() so the caller doesn't have to handle this
explicitly.

There should be no functional change as a result of this patch.

Signed-off-by: Mark Rutland <mark.rutland@arm.com>
Signed-off-by: Marco Elver <elver@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>
2021-05-18 10:58:14 -07:00
Mark Rutland
95f7524d7f kcsan: Refactor passing watchpoint/other_info
The `watchpoint_idx` argument to kcsan_report() isn't meaningful for
races which were not detected by a watchpoint, and it would be clearer
if callers passed the other_info directly so that a NULL value can be
passed in this case.

Given that callers manipulate their watchpoints before passing the index
into kcsan_report_*(), and given we index the `other_infos` array using
this before we sanity-check it, the subsequent sanity check isn't all
that useful.

Let's remove the `watchpoint_idx` sanity check, and move the job of
finding the `other_info` out of kcsan_report().

Other than the removal of the check, there should be no functional
change as a result of this patch.

Signed-off-by: Mark Rutland <mark.rutland@arm.com>
Signed-off-by: Marco Elver <elver@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>
2021-05-18 10:58:14 -07:00
Mark Rutland
793c2579be kcsan: Distinguish kcsan_report() calls
Currently kcsan_report() is used to handle three distinct cases:

* The caller hit a watchpoint when attempting an access. Some
  information regarding the caller and access are recorded, but no
  output is produced.

* A caller which previously setup a watchpoint detected that the
  watchpoint has been hit, and possibly detected a change to the
  location in memory being watched. This may result in output reporting
  the interaction between this caller and the caller which hit the
  watchpoint.

* A caller detected a change to a modification to a memory location
  which wasn't detected by a watchpoint, for which there is no
  information on the other thread. This may result in output reporting
  the unexpected change.

... depending on the specific case the caller has distinct pieces of
information available, but the prototype of kcsan_report() has to handle
all three cases. This means that in some cases we pass redundant
information, and in others we don't pass all the information we could
pass. This also means that the report code has to demux these three
cases.

So that we can pass some additional information while also simplifying
the callers and report code, add separate kcsan_report_*() functions for
the distinct cases, updating callers accordingly. As the watchpoint_idx
is unused in the case of kcsan_report_unknown_origin(), this passes a
dummy value into kcsan_report(). Subsequent patches will refactor the
report code to avoid this.

There should be no functional change as a result of this patch.

Signed-off-by: Mark Rutland <mark.rutland@arm.com>
[ elver@google.com: try to make kcsan_report_*() names more descriptive ]
Signed-off-by: Marco Elver <elver@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>
2021-05-18 10:58:14 -07:00
Mark Rutland
6f2d98192c kcsan: Simplify value change detection
In kcsan_setup_watchpoint() we store snapshots of a watched value into a
union of u8/u16/u32/u64 sized fields, modify this in place using a
consistent field, then later check for any changes via the u64 field.

We can achieve the safe effect more simply by always treating the field
as a u64, as smaller values will be zero-extended. As the values are
zero-extended, we don't need to truncate the access_mask when we apply
it, and can always apply the full 64-bit access_mask to the 64-bit
value.

Finally, we can store the two snapshots and calculated difference
separately, which makes the code a little easier to read, and will
permit reporting the old/new values in subsequent patches.

There should be no functional change as a result of this patch.

Signed-off-by: Mark Rutland <mark.rutland@arm.com>
Signed-off-by: Marco Elver <elver@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>
2021-05-18 10:58:14 -07:00
Arnd Bergmann
976aac5f88 kcsan: Fix debugfs initcall return type
clang with CONFIG_LTO_CLANG points out that an initcall function should
return an 'int' due to the changes made to the initcall macros in commit
3578ad11f3 ("init: lto: fix PREL32 relocations"):

kernel/kcsan/debugfs.c:274:15: error: returning 'void' from a function with incompatible result type 'int'
late_initcall(kcsan_debugfs_init);
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
include/linux/init.h:292:46: note: expanded from macro 'late_initcall'
 #define late_initcall(fn)               __define_initcall(fn, 7)

Fixes: e36299efe7 ("kcsan, debugfs: Move debugfs file creation out of early init")
Cc: stable <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Reviewed-by: Marco Elver <elver@google.com>
Reviewed-by: Nathan Chancellor <nathan@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Miguel Ojeda <ojeda@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>
2021-05-18 10:58:02 -07:00
Arnd Bergmann
f4abe9967c kcsan: Fix printk format string
Printing a 'long' variable using the '%d' format string is wrong
and causes a warning from gcc:

kernel/kcsan/kcsan_test.c: In function 'nthreads_gen_params':
include/linux/kern_levels.h:5:25: error: format '%d' expects argument of type 'int', but argument 3 has type 'long int' [-Werror=format=]

Use the appropriate format modifier.

Fixes: f6a1491403 ("kcsan: Switch to KUNIT_CASE_PARAM for parameterized tests")
Signed-off-by: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org>
Reviewed-by: Marco Elver <elver@google.com>
Acked-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20210421135059.3371701-1-arnd@kernel.org
2021-04-22 14:36:03 +02:00
Marco Elver
bd0ccc4afc kcsan: Add missing license and copyright headers
Adds missing license and/or copyright headers for KCSAN source files.

Signed-off-by: Marco Elver <elver@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>
2021-03-08 14:27:43 -08:00