The ->boosted_this_gp field is a holdover from an earlier design that
was to carry out multiple boost operations in parallel. It is not required
by the current design, which boosts one task at a time.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paul.mckenney@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Extraneous semicolon, bad comment, and fold INIT_LIST_HEAD() into
list_del() to get list_del_init().
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paul.mckenney@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org>
This removes a couple of lines from invoke_rcu_cpu_kthread(), improving
readability.
Reported-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paul.mckenney@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org>
The CONFIG_DEBUG_OBJECTS_RCU_HEAD facility requires that on-stack RCU
callbacks be flagged explicitly to debug-objects using the
init_rcu_head_on_stack() and destroy_rcu_head_on_stack() functions.
This commit applies those functions to the rcutorture code that tests
RCU priority boosting.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paul.mckenney@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org>
The prohibition of DEBUG_OBJECTS_RCU_HEAD from !PREEMPT was due to the
fixup actions. So just produce a warning from !PREEMPT.
Signed-off-by: Mathieu Desnoyers <mathieu.desnoyers@polymtl.ca>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org>
Increment a per-CPU counter on each pass through rcu_cpu_kthread()'s
service loop, and add it to the rcudata trace output.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paul.mckenney@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org>
This commit adds the age in jiffies of the current grace period along
with the duration in jiffies of the longest grace period since boot
to the rcu/rcugp debugfs file. It also adds an additional "O" state
to kthread tracing to differentiate between the kthread waiting due to
having nothing to do on the one hand and waiting due to being on the
wrong CPU on the other hand.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paul.mckenney@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
The rcu_initiate_boost_trace() function mis-attributed refusals to
initiate RCU priority boosting that were in fact due to its not yet
being time to boost. This patch fixes the faulty comparison.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paul.mckenney@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
It is not possible to accurately correlate rcutorture output with that
of debugfs. This patch therefore adds a debugfs file that prints out
the rcutorture version number, permitting easy correlation.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paul.mckenney@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org>
Add tracing to help debugging situations when RCU's kthreads are not
running but are supposed to be.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paul.mckenney@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org>
This commit adds an indication of the state of the callback queue using
a string of four characters following the "ql=" integer queue length.
The first character is "N" if there are callbacks that have been
queued that are not yet ready to be handled by the next grace period, or
"." otherwise. The second character is "R" if there are callbacks queued
that are ready to be handled by the next grace period, or "." otherwise.
The third character is "W" if there are callbacks waiting for the current
grace period, or "." otherwise. Finally, the fourth character is "D"
if there are callbacks that have been handled by a prior grace period
and are waiting to be invoked, or ".".
Note that callbacks that are in the process of being invoked are
not shown. These callbacks would have been removed from the rcu_data
structure's list by rcu_do_batch() prior to being executed. (These
callbacks are also not reflected in the "ql=" total, FWIW.)
Also, document the new callback-queue trace information.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paul.mckenney@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org>
Includes total number of tasks boosted, number boosted on behalf of each
of normal and expedited grace periods, and statistics on attempts to
initiate boosting that failed for various reasons.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paul.mckenney@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org>
The n_rcu_torture_boost_allocerror and n_rcu_torture_boost_afferror
statistics are not actually incremented anymore, so eliminate them.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paul.mckenney@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org>
The scheduler does not appear to take kindly to having multiple
real-time threads bound to a CPU that is going offline. So this
commit is a temporary hack-around to avoid that happening.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paul.mckenney@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
If you are doing CPU hotplug operations, it is best not to have
CPU-bound realtime tasks running CPU-bound on the outgoing CPU.
So this commit makes per-CPU kthreads run at non-realtime priority
during that time.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paul.mckenney@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org>
The scheduler has had some heartburn in the past when too many real-time
kthreads were affinitied to the outgoing CPU. So, this commit lightens
the load by forcing the per-rcu_node and the boost kthreads off of the
outgoing CPU. Note that RCU's per-CPU kthread remains on the outgoing
CPU until the bitter end, as it must in order to preserve correctness.
Also avoid disabling hardirqs across calls to set_cpus_allowed_ptr(),
given that this function can block.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paul.mckenney@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Add priority boosting for TREE_PREEMPT_RCU, similar to that for
TINY_PREEMPT_RCU. This is enabled by the default-off RCU_BOOST
kernel parameter. The priority to which to boost preempted
RCU readers is controlled by the RCU_BOOST_PRIO kernel parameter
(defaulting to real-time priority 1) and the time to wait before
boosting the readers who are blocking a given grace period is
controlled by the RCU_BOOST_DELAY kernel parameter (defaulting to
500 milliseconds).
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paul.mckenney@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org>
If RCU priority boosting is to be meaningful, callback invocation must
be boosted in addition to preempted RCU readers. Otherwise, in presence
of CPU real-time threads, the grace period ends, but the callbacks don't
get invoked. If the callbacks don't get invoked, the associated memory
doesn't get freed, so the system is still subject to OOM.
But it is not reasonable to priority-boost RCU_SOFTIRQ, so this commit
moves the callback invocations to a kthread, which can be boosted easily.
Also add comments and properly synchronized all accesses to
rcu_cpu_kthread_task, as suggested by Lai Jiangshan.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paul.mckenney@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org>
Combine the current TREE_PREEMPT_RCU ->blocked_tasks[] lists in the
rcu_node structure into a single ->blkd_tasks list with ->gp_tasks
and ->exp_tasks tail pointers. This is in preparation for RCU priority
boosting, which will add a third dimension to the combinatorial explosion
in the ->blocked_tasks[] case, but simply a third pointer in the new
->blkd_tasks case.
Also update documentation to reflect blocked_tasks[] merge
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paul.mckenney@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org>
Commit d09b62d fixed grace-period synchronization, but left some smp_mb()
invocations in rcu_process_callbacks() that are no longer needed, but
sheer paranoia prevented them from being removed. This commit removes
them and provides a proof of correctness in their absence. It also adds
a memory barrier to rcu_report_qs_rsp() immediately before the update to
rsp->completed in order to handle the theoretical possibility that the
compiler or CPU might move massive quantities of code into a lock-based
critical section. This also proves that the sheer paranoia was not
entirely unjustified, at least from a theoretical point of view.
In addition, the old dyntick-idle synchronization depended on the fact
that grace periods were many milliseconds in duration, so that it could
be assumed that no dyntick-idle CPU could reorder a memory reference
across an entire grace period. Unfortunately for this design, the
addition of expedited grace periods breaks this assumption, which has
the unfortunate side-effect of requiring atomic operations in the
functions that track dyntick-idle state for RCU. (There is some hope
that the algorithms used in user-level RCU might be applied here, but
some work is required to handle the NMIs that user-space applications
can happily ignore. For the short term, better safe than sorry.)
This proof assumes that neither compiler nor CPU will allow a lock
acquisition and release to be reordered, as doing so can result in
deadlock. The proof is as follows:
1. A given CPU declares a quiescent state under the protection of
its leaf rcu_node's lock.
2. If there is more than one level of rcu_node hierarchy, the
last CPU to declare a quiescent state will also acquire the
->lock of the next rcu_node up in the hierarchy, but only
after releasing the lower level's lock. The acquisition of this
lock clearly cannot occur prior to the acquisition of the leaf
node's lock.
3. Step 2 repeats until we reach the root rcu_node structure.
Please note again that only one lock is held at a time through
this process. The acquisition of the root rcu_node's ->lock
must occur after the release of that of the leaf rcu_node.
4. At this point, we set the ->completed field in the rcu_state
structure in rcu_report_qs_rsp(). However, if the rcu_node
hierarchy contains only one rcu_node, then in theory the code
preceding the quiescent state could leak into the critical
section. We therefore precede the update of ->completed with a
memory barrier. All CPUs will therefore agree that any updates
preceding any report of a quiescent state will have happened
before the update of ->completed.
5. Regardless of whether a new grace period is needed, rcu_start_gp()
will propagate the new value of ->completed to all of the leaf
rcu_node structures, under the protection of each rcu_node's ->lock.
If a new grace period is needed immediately, this propagation
will occur in the same critical section that ->completed was
set in, but courtesy of the memory barrier in #4 above, is still
seen to follow any pre-quiescent-state activity.
6. When a given CPU invokes __rcu_process_gp_end(), it becomes
aware of the end of the old grace period and therefore makes
any RCU callbacks that were waiting on that grace period eligible
for invocation.
If this CPU is the same one that detected the end of the grace
period, and if there is but a single rcu_node in the hierarchy,
we will still be in the single critical section. In this case,
the memory barrier in step #4 guarantees that all callbacks will
be seen to execute after each CPU's quiescent state.
On the other hand, if this is a different CPU, it will acquire
the leaf rcu_node's ->lock, and will again be serialized after
each CPU's quiescent state for the old grace period.
On the strength of this proof, this commit therefore removes the memory
barriers from rcu_process_callbacks() and adds one to rcu_report_qs_rsp().
The effect is to reduce the number of memory barriers by one and to
reduce the frequency of execution from about once per scheduling tick
per CPU to once per grace period.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org>
The RCU CPU stall warnings can now be controlled using the
rcu_cpu_stall_suppress boot-time parameter or via the same parameter
from sysfs. There is therefore no longer any reason to have
kernel config parameters for this feature. This commit therefore
removes the RCU_CPU_STALL_DETECTOR and RCU_CPU_STALL_DETECTOR_RUNNABLE
kernel config parameters. The RCU_CPU_STALL_TIMEOUT parameter remains
to allow the timeout to be tuned and the RCU_CPU_STALL_VERBOSE parameter
remains to allow task-stall information to be suppressed if desired.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org>
This patch adds a multiple message send syscall and is the send
version of the existing recvmmsg syscall. This is heavily
based on the patch by Arnaldo that added recvmmsg.
I wrote a microbenchmark to test the performance gains of using
this new syscall:
http://ozlabs.org/~anton/junkcode/sendmmsg_test.c
The test was run on a ppc64 box with a 10 Gbit network card. The
benchmark can send both UDP and RAW ethernet packets.
64B UDP
batch pkts/sec
1 804570
2 872800 (+ 8 %)
4 916556 (+14 %)
8 939712 (+17 %)
16 952688 (+18 %)
32 956448 (+19 %)
64 964800 (+20 %)
64B raw socket
batch pkts/sec
1 1201449
2 1350028 (+12 %)
4 1461416 (+22 %)
8 1513080 (+26 %)
16 1541216 (+28 %)
32 1553440 (+29 %)
64 1557888 (+30 %)
We see a 20% improvement in throughput on UDP send and 30%
on raw socket send.
[ Add sparc syscall entries. -DaveM ]
Signed-off-by: Anton Blanchard <anton@samba.org>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Avoid taking broadcast_lock in the idle path for systems where the
timer doesn't stop in C3.
[ tglx: Removed the stale label and added comment ]
Signed-off-by: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Dave Kleikamp <dkleikamp@gmail.com>
Cc: Chris Mason <chris.mason@oracle.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Cc: Tim Chen <tim.c.chen@linux.intel.com>
Cc: lenb@kernel.org
Cc: paulmck@us.ibm.com
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/%3C20110504234806.GF2925%40one.firstfloor.org%3E
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Christian Hoffmann reported that the command line clocksource override
with acpi_pm timer fails:
Kernel command line: <SNIP> clocksource=acpi_pm
hpet clockevent registered
Switching to clocksource hpet
Override clocksource acpi_pm is not HRT compatible.
Cannot switch while in HRT/NOHZ mode.
The watchdog code is what enables CLOCK_SOURCE_VALID_FOR_HRES, but we
actually end up selecting the clocksource before we enqueue it into
the watchdog list, so that's why we see the warning and fail to switch
to acpi_pm timer as requested. That's particularly bad when we want to
debug timekeeping related problems in early boot.
Put the selection call last.
Reported-by: Christian Hoffmann <email@christianhoffmann.info>
Signed-off-by: John Stultz <johnstul@us.ibm.com>
Cc: stable@kernel.org # 32...
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/%3C1304558210.2943.24.camel%40work-vm%3E
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
class_find_device() takes a refcount on the rtc device. rtc_open()
takes another one, so we can drop it after the rtc_open() call.
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: John Stultz <john.stultz@linaro.org>
alarmtimer_late_init() uses class_find_device() to find a alarm
capable rtc device. The match callback stores a pointer to the name in
the char pointer handed in from the call site. alarmtimer_late_init()
checks the char pointer for NULL, but the pointer is on the stack and
not initialized to NULL before the call. So it can have random content
when the match function did not identify a device, which leads to
random access in the following rtc_open() call where the pointer is
dereferenced
Instead of relying on the char pointer, check the return value of
class_find_device. If a device is found then the name pointer is valid
as well.
Reported-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Cc: John Stultz <john.stultz@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
As part of the events sybsystem unification, relocate hw_breakpoint.c
into its new destination.
Cc: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Borislav Petkov <borislav.petkov@amd.com>
mv kernel/perf_event.c -> kernel/events/core.c. From there, all further
sensible splitting can happen. The idea is that due to perf_event.c
becoming pretty sizable and with the advent of the marriage with ftrace,
splitting functionality into its logical parts should help speeding up
the unification and to manage the complexity of the subsystem.
Signed-off-by: Borislav Petkov <borislav.petkov@amd.com>
Some applications must be aware of clock realtime being set
backward. A simple example is a clock applet which arms a timer for
the next minute display. If clock realtime is set backward then the
applet displays a stale time for the amount of time which the clock
was set backwards. Due to that applications poll the time because we
don't have an interface.
Extend the timerfd interface by adding a flag which puts the timer
onto a different internal realtime clock. All timers on this clock are
expired whenever the clock was set.
The timerfd core records the monotonic offset when the timer is
created. When the timer is armed, then the current offset is compared
to the previous recorded offset. When it has changed, then
timerfd_settime returns -ECANCELED. When a timer is read the offset is
compared and if it changed -ECANCELED returned to user space. Periodic
timers are not rearmed in the cancelation case.
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Acked-by: John Stultz <johnstul@us.ibm.com>
Cc: Chris Friesen <chris.friesen@genband.com>
Tested-by: Kay Sievers <kay.sievers@vrfy.org>
Cc: "Kirill A. Shutemov" <kirill@shutemov.name>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Davide Libenzi <davidel@xmailserver.org>
Reviewed-by: Alexander Shishkin <virtuoso@slind.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/%3Calpine.LFD.2.02.1104271359580.3323%40ionos%3E
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Make clock_was_set() unconditional and rename hres_timers_resume to
hrtimers_resume. This is a preparatory patch for hrtimers which are
cancelled when clock realtime was set.
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Ingo pointed out that the alarmtimers won't build if CONFIG_RTC_CLASS=n.
This patch adds proper ifdefs to the alarmtimer code to disable the rtc
usage if it is not built in.
Reported-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Signed-off-by: John Stultz <john.stultz@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
commit ab7798ffcf ("genirq: Expand generic
show_interrupts()") added the Kconfig option GENERIC_IRQ_SHOW_LEVEL to
accomodate PowerPC, but this doesn't actually enable the functionality due
to a typo in the #ifdef check.
Signed-off-by: Geert Uytterhoeven <geert@linux-m68k.org>
Cc: Linux/PPC Development <linuxppc-dev@lists.ozlabs.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/%3Calpine.DEB.2.00.1104302251370.19068%40ayla.of.borg%3E
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
* 'fixes-2.6.39' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tj/wq:
workqueue: fix deadlock in worker_maybe_bind_and_lock()
workqueue: Document debugging tricks
Fix up trivial spelling conflict in kernel/workqueue.c
The code used for matching functions is almost identical between normal
selecting of functions and using the :mod: feature of set_ftrace_notrace.
Consolidate the two users into one function.
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
There are three locations that perform almost identical functions in order
to update the ftrace_trace_function (the ftrace function variable that gets
called by mcount).
Consolidate these into a single function called update_ftrace_function().
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
The updating of a function record is moved to a single function. This will allow
us to add specific changes in one location for both modules and kernel
functions.
Later patches will determine if the function record itself needs to be updated
(which enables the mcount caller), or just the ftrace_ops needs the update.
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Since we disable all function tracer processing if we detect
that a modification of a instruction had failed, we do not need
to track that the record has failed. No more ftrace processing
is allowed, and the FTRACE_FL_CONVERTED flag is pointless.
The FTRACE_FL_CONVERTED flag was used to denote records that were
successfully converted from mcount calls into nops. But if a single
record fails, all of ftrace is disabled.
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Since we disable all function tracer processing if we detect
that a modification of a instruction had failed, we do not need
to track that the record has failed. No more ftrace processing
is allowed, and the FTRACE_FL_FAILED flag is pointless.
Removing this flag simplifies some of the code, but some ftrace_disabled
checks needed to be added or move around a little.
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
The failures file in the debugfs tracing directory would list the
functions that failed to convert when the old dead ftrace daemon
tried to update code but failed. Since this code is now dead along
with the daemon the failures file is useless. Remove it.
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
The disabling of interrupts around ftrace_update_code() was used
to protect against the evil ftrace daemon from years past. But that
daemon has long been killed. It is safe to keep interrupts enabled
while updating the initial mcount into nops.
The ftrace_mutex is also held which keeps other users at bay.
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Let FTRACE_WARN_ON() be used as a stand alone statement or
inside a conditional: if (FTRACE_WARN_ON(x))
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
If function tracing is enabled, a read of the filter files will
cause the call to stop_machine to update the function trace sites.
It should only call stop_machine on write.
Cc: stable@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Many different platforms and subsystems may want to disable device
clocks during suspend and enable them during resume which is going to
be done in a very similar way in all those cases. For this reason,
provide generic routines for the manipulation of device clocks during
suspend and resume.
Convert the ARM shmobile platform to using the new routines.
Signed-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rjw@sisk.pl>
* 'perf-fixes-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/linux-2.6-tip:
perf, x86, nmi: Move LVT un-masking into irq handlers
perf events, x86: Work around the Nehalem AAJ80 erratum
perf, x86: Fix BTS condition
ftrace: Build without frame pointers on Microblaze
If a rescuer and stop_machine() bringing down a CPU race with each
other, they may deadlock on non-preemptive kernel. The CPU won't
accept a new task, so the rescuer can't migrate to the target CPU,
while stop_machine() can't proceed because the rescuer is holding one
of the CPU retrying migration. GCWQ_DISASSOCIATED is never cleared
and worker_maybe_bind_and_lock() retries indefinitely.
This problem can be reproduced semi reliably while the system is
entering suspend.
http://thread.gmane.org/gmane.linux.kernel/1122051
A lot of kudos to Thilo-Alexander for reporting this tricky issue and
painstaking testing.
stable: This affects all kernels with cmwq, so all kernels since and
including v2.6.36 need this fix.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Reported-by: Thilo-Alexander Ginkel <thilo@ginkel.com>
Tested-by: Thilo-Alexander Ginkel <thilo@ginkel.com>
Cc: stable@kernel.org
Sedat and Bruno reported RCU stalls which turned out to be caused by
the following;
sched_init() calls init_rt_bandwidth() which calls hrtimer_init()
_BEFORE_ hrtimers_init() is called. While not entirely correct this
worked because hrtimer_init() only accessed statically initialized
data (hrtimer_bases.clock_base[CLOCK_MONOTONIC])
Commit e06383db9 (hrtimers: extend hrtimer base code to handle more
then 2 clockids) added an indirection to the hrtimer_bases.clock_base
lookup to avoid gap handling in the hot path. The table which is used
for the translataion from CLOCK_ID to HRTIMER_BASE index is
initialized at runtime in hrtimers_init(). So the early call of the
scheduler code translates CLOCK_MONOTONIC to HRTIMER_BASE_REALTIME.
Thus the rt_bandwith timer ends up on CLOCK_REALTIME. If the timer is
armed and the wall clock time is set (e.g. ntpdate in the early boot
process - which also gives the problem deterministic behaviour
i.e. magic recovery after N hours), then the timer ends up with an
expiry time far into the future. That breaks the RT throttler
mechanism as rt runtime is accumulated and never cleared, so the rt
throttler detects a false cpu hog condition and blocks all RT tasks
until the timer finally expires. That in turn stalls the RCU thread of
TINYRCU which leads to an huge amount of RCU callbacks piling up.
Make the translation table statically initialized, so we are back to
the status of <= 2.6.39.
Reported-and-tested-by: Sedat Dilek <sedat.dilek@gmail.com>
Reported-by: Bruno Prémont <bonbons@linux-vserver.org>
Cc: John stultz <johnstul@us.ibm.com>
Cc: Mike Galbraith <efault@gmx.de>
Cc: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/%3Calpine.LFD.2.02.1104282353140.3005%40ionos%3E
Reviewed-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Thomas asked about the delayed irq work in the alarmtimers code,
and I realized that it was a legacy from when the alarmtimer base
lock was a mutex (due to concerns that we'd be interacting with
the RTC device, which is protected by mutexes).
Since the alarmtimer base is now protected by a spinlock, we can
simply execute alarmtimer functions directly from the hrtimer
callback. Should any future alarmtimer functions sleep, they can
simply manage scheduling any delayed work themselves.
CC: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: John Stultz <john.stultz@linaro.org>
This patch addresses a number of minor comment improvements and
other minor issues from Thomas' review of the alarmtimers code.
CC: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: John Stultz <john.stultz@linaro.org>
In corner cases where softlockup watchdog is not setup successfully, the
relevant nmi perf event for hardlockup watchdog could be disabled, then
the status of the underlying hardware remains unchanged.
Also, if the kthread doesn't start then the hrtimer won't run and the
hardlockup detector will falsely fire.
Signed-off-by: Hillf Danton <dhillf@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Don Zickus <dzickus@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cleanup. Remove the unneeded goto's, we can simply read blocked.sig[0]
unconditionally and then copy-to-user it if oset != NULL.
Signed-off-by: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Matt Fleming <matt.fleming@linux.intel.com>
As Tejun and Linus pointed out, "nand" is the wrong name for "x & ~y",
it should be "andn". Rename signandsets() as suggested.
Suggested-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
do_sigtimedwait() changes current->blocked and thus it needs
set_current_blocked()->retarget_shared_pending().
We could use set_current_blocked() directly. It is fine to change
->real_blocked from all-zeroes to ->blocked and vice versa lockless,
but this is not immediately clear, looks racy, and needs a huge
comment to explain why this is correct.
To keep the things simple this patch adds the new static helper,
__set_task_blocked() which should be called with ->siglock held. This
way we can change both ->real_blocked and ->blocked atomically under
->siglock as the current code does. This is more understandable.
Signed-off-by: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Matt Fleming <matt.fleming@linux.intel.com>
Factor out the common code in sys_rt_sigtimedwait/compat_sys_rt_sigtimedwait
to the new helper, do_sigtimedwait().
Add the comment to document the extra tick we add to timespec_to_jiffies(ts),
thanks to Linus who explained this to me.
Perhaps it would be better to move compat_sys_rt_sigtimedwait() into
signal.c under CONFIG_COMPAT, then we can make do_sigtimedwait() static.
Signed-off-by: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Matt Fleming <matt.fleming@linux.intel.com>
No functional changes, cleanup compat_sys_rt_sigtimedwait() and
sys_rt_sigtimedwait().
Calculate the timeout before we take ->siglock, this simplifies and
lessens the code. Use timespec_valid() to check the timespec.
Signed-off-by: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Matt Fleming <matt.fleming@linux.intel.com>
sys_rt_sigprocmask() looks unnecessarily complicated, simplify it.
We can just read current->blocked lockless unconditionally before
anything else and then copy-to-user it if needed. At worst we
copy 4 words on mips.
We could copy-to-user the old mask first and simplify the code even
more, but the patch tries to keep the current behaviour: we change
current->block even if copy_to_user(oset) fails.
Signed-off-by: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Matt Fleming <matt.fleming@linux.intel.com>
Acked-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
In short, almost every changing of current->blocked is wrong, or at least
can lead to the unexpected results.
For example. Two threads T1 and T2, T1 sleeps in sigtimedwait/pause/etc.
kill(tgid, SIG) can pick T2 for TIF_SIGPENDING. If T2 calls sigprocmask()
and blocks SIG before it notices the pending signal, nobody else can handle
this pending shared signal.
I am not sure this is bug, but at least this looks strange imho. T1 should
not sleep forever, there is a signal which should wake it up.
This patch moves the code which actually changes ->blocked into the new
helper, set_current_blocked() and changes this code to call
retarget_shared_pending() as exit_signals() does. We should only care about
the signals we just blocked, we use "newset & ~current->blocked" as a mask.
We do not check !sigisemptyset(newblocked), retarget_shared_pending() is
cheap unless mask & shared_pending.
Note: for this particular case we could simply change sigprocmask() to
return -EINTR if signal_pending(), but then we should change other callers
and, more importantly, if we need this fix then set_current_blocked() will
have more callers and some of them can't restart. See the next patch as a
random example.
Signed-off-by: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Matt Fleming <matt.fleming@linux.intel.com>
Acked-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
No functional changes, preparation to simplify the review of the next change.
1. We can read current->block lockless, nobody else can ever change this mask.
2. Calculate the resulting sigset_t outside of ->siglock into the temporary
variable, then take ->siglock and change ->blocked.
Also, kill the stale comment about BKL.
Signed-off-by: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Matt Fleming <matt.fleming@linux.intel.com>
Acked-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
retarget_shared_pending() blindly does recalc_sigpending_and_wake() for
every sub-thread, this is suboptimal. We can check t->blocked and stop
looping once every bit in shared_pending has the new target.
Note: we do not take task_is_stopped_or_traced(t) into account, we are
not trying to speed up the signal delivery or to avoid the unnecessary
(but harmless) signal_wake_up(0) in this unlikely case.
Signed-off-by: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Matt Fleming <matt.fleming@linux.intel.com>
Acked-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
exit_signals() checks signal_pending() before retarget_shared_pending() but
this is suboptimal. We can avoid the while_each_thread() loop in case when
there are no shared signals visible to us.
Add the "shared_pending.signal & ~blocked" check. We don't use tsk->blocked
directly but pass ~blocked as an argument, this is needed for the next patch.
Note: we can optimize this more. while_each_thread(t) can check t->blocked
into account and stop after every pending signal has the new target, see the
next patch.
Signed-off-by: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Matt Fleming <matt.fleming@linux.intel.com>
Acked-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
No functional changes. Move the notify-other-threads code from exit_signals()
to the new helper, retarget_shared_pending().
Signed-off-by: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Matt Fleming <matt.fleming@linux.intel.com>
Acked-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
This patch allows the default value for sysctl_hung_task_timeout_secs
to be set at build time. The feature carries virtually no overhead,
so it makes sense to keep it enabled. On heavily loaded systems, though,
it can end up triggering stack traces when there is no bug other than
the system being underprovisioned. We use this patch to keep the hung task
facility available but disabled at boot-time.
The default of 120 seconds is preserved. As a note, commit e162b39a may
have accidentally reverted commit fb822db4, which raised the default from
120 seconds to 480 seconds.
Signed-off-by: Jeff Mahoney <jeffm@suse.com>
Acked-by: Mandeep Singh Baines <msb@google.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/4DB8600C.8080000@suse.com
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Commit c69e8d9c01 ("CRED: Use RCU to access another task's creds and to
release a task's own creds") added calls to get_task_cred and put_cred in
audit_filter_rules. Profiling with a large number of audit rules active
on the exit chain shows that we are spending upto 48% in this routine for
syscall intensive tests, most of which is in the atomic ops.
1. The code should be accessing tsk->cred rather than tsk->real_cred.
2. Since tsk is current (or tsk is being created by copy_process) access to
tsk->cred without rcu read lock is possible. At the request of the audit
maintainer, a new flag has been added to audit_filter_rules in order to make
this explicit and guide future code.
Signed-off-by: Tony Jones <tonyj@suse.de>
Acked-by: Eric Paris <eparis@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Jiri Kosina <jkosina@suse.cz>
Conflicts:
include/linux/perf_event.h
Merge reason: pick up the latest jump-label enhancements, they are cooked ready.
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
This patch exposes alarm-timers to userland via the posix clock
and timers interface, using two new clockids: CLOCK_REALTIME_ALARM
and CLOCK_BOOTTIME_ALARM. Both clockids behave identically to
CLOCK_REALTIME and CLOCK_BOOTTIME, respectively, but timers
set against the _ALARM suffixed clockids will wake the system if
it is suspended.
Some background can be found here:
https://lwn.net/Articles/429925/
The concept for Alarm-timers was inspired by the Android Alarm
driver (by Arve Hjønnevåg) found in the Android kernel tree.
See: http://android.git.kernel.org/?p=kernel/common.git;a=blob;f=drivers/rtc/alarm.c;h=1250edfbdf3302f5e4ea6194847c6ef4bb7beb1c;hb=android-2.6.36
While the in-kernel interface is pretty similar between
alarm-timers and Android alarm driver, the user-space interface
for the Android alarm driver is via ioctls to a new char device.
As mentioned above, I've instead chosen to export this functionality
via the posix interface, as it seemed a little simpler and avoids
creating duplicate interfaces to things like CLOCK_REALTIME and
CLOCK_MONOTONIC under alternate names (ie:ANDROID_ALARM_RTC and
ANDROID_ALARM_SYSTEMTIME).
The semantics of the Android alarm driver are different from what
this posix interface provides. For instance, threads other then
the thread waiting on the Android alarm driver are able to modify
the alarm being waited on. Also this interface does not allow
the same wakelock semantics that the Android driver provides
(ie: kernel takes a wakelock on RTC alarm-interupt, and holds it
through process wakeup, and while the process runs, until the
process either closes the char device or calls back in to wait
on a new alarm).
One potential way to implement similar semantics may be via
the timerfd infrastructure, but this needs more research.
There may also need to be some sort of sysfs system level policy
hooks that allow alarm timers to be disabled to keep them
from firing at inappropriate times (ie: laptop in a well insulated
bag, mid-flight).
CC: Arve Hjønnevåg <arve@android.com>
CC: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
CC: Alessandro Zummo <a.zummo@towertech.it>
Acked-by: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
Signed-off-by: John Stultz <john.stultz@linaro.org>
This provides the in kernel interface and infrastructure for
alarm-timers.
Alarm-timers are a hybrid style timer, similar to hrtimers,
but when the system is suspended, the RTC device is set to
fire and wake the system for when the soonest alarm-timer
expires.
The concept for Alarm-timers was inspired by the Android Alarm
driver (by Arve Hjønnevåg) found in the Android kernel tree.
See: http://android.git.kernel.org/?p=kernel/common.git;a=blob;f=drivers/rtc/alarm.c;h=1250edfbdf3302f5e4ea6194847c6ef4bb7beb1c;hb=android-2.6.36
This in-kernel interface should be fairly compatible with the
Android alarm driver in-kernel interface, but has the advantage
of utilizing the new RTC timerqueue code instead of doing direct
RTC manipulation.
CC: Arve Hjønnevåg <arve@android.com>
CC: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
CC: Alessandro Zummo <a.zummo@towertech.it>
Acked-by: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
Signed-off-by: John Stultz <john.stultz@linaro.org>
Some platforms cannot implement read_persistent_clock, as
their RTC devices are only accessible when interrupts are enabled.
This keeps them from being used by the timekeeping code on resume
to measure the time in suspend.
The RTC layer tries to work around this, by calling do_settimeofday
on resume after irqs are reenabled to set the time properly. However,
this only corrects CLOCK_REALTIME, and does not properly adjust
the sleep time value. This causes btime in /proc/stat to be incorrect
as well as making the new CLOCK_BOTTTIME inaccurate.
This patch resolves the issue by introducing a new timekeeping hook
to allow the RTC layer to inject the sleep time on resume.
The code also checks to make sure that read_persistent_clock is
nonfunctional before setting the sleep time, so that should the RTC's
HCTOSYS option be configured in on a system that does support
read_persistent_clock we will not increase the total_sleep_time twice.
CC: Arve Hjønnevåg <arve@android.com>
CC: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Acked-by: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
Signed-off-by: John Stultz <john.stultz@linaro.org>
The rq varible, though computed for each possible cpu, has nothing to
do in the function, so it can be removed.
This also eliminates a build warning.
Signed-off-by: Hillf Danton <dhillf@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Yong Zhang <yong.zhang0@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/BANLkTin-FfQfqW5ym1iuEmrk8s777Y1LAg@mail.gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Driver modules from the staging directory are marked 'tainted'
by module.c. Subsequently, tainted modules are denied dynamic
debugging. This is unwanted behavior, since staging modules should
be able to use the dynamic debugging mechanism.
Please merge this also into the staging-linus branch.
Signed-off-by: Roland Vossen <rvossen@broadcom.com>
Acked-by: Jason Baron <jbaron@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
When a task is traced and is in a stopped state, the tracer
may execute a ptrace request to examine the tracee state and
get its task struct. Right after, the tracee can be killed
and thus its breakpoints released.
This can happen concurrently when the tracer is in the middle
of reading or modifying these breakpoints, leading to dereferencing
a freed pointer.
Hence, to prepare the fix, create a generic breakpoint reference
holding API. When a reference on the breakpoints of a task is
held, the breakpoints won't be released until the last reference
is dropped. After that, no more ptrace request on the task's
breakpoints can be serviced for the tracer.
Reported-by: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Cc: Will Deacon <will.deacon@arm.com>
Cc: Prasad <prasad@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Paul Mundt <lethal@linux-sh.org>
Cc: v2.6.33.. <stable@kernel.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1302284067-7860-2-git-send-email-fweisbec@gmail.com
Neil Brown pointed out that lock_depth somehow escaped the BKL
removal work. Let's get rid of it now.
Note that the perf scripting utilities still have a bunch of
code for dealing with common_lock_depth in tracepoints; I have
left that in place in case anybody wants to use that code with
older kernels.
Suggested-by: Neil Brown <neilb@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>
Cc: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20110422111910.456c0e84@bike.lwn.net
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
These callbacks are only called in the syscore suspend/resume code on
interrupt chips which have been registered via the generic irq chip
mechanism. Calling those callbacks per irq would be rather icky, but
with the generic irq chip mechanism we can call this per registered
chip.
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: linux-arm-kernel@lists.infradead.org
Implement a generic interrupt chip, which is configurable and is able
to handle the most common irq chip implementations.
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: linux-arm-kernel@lists.infradead.org
Tested-by: H Hartley Sweeten <hsweeten@visionengravers.com>
Tested-by: Tony Lindgren <tony@atomide.com>
Tested-by; Kevin Hilman <khilman@ti.com>
This adds support for disabling threading on a per-IRQ basis via the IRQ
status instead of the IRQ flow, which is necessary for interrupts that
don't follow the natural IRQ flow channels, such as those that are
virtually created.
The new APIs added are simply:
irq_set_thread()
irq_set_nothread()
which follow the rest of the IRQ status routines.
Chained handlers also have IRQ_NOTHREAD set on them automatically, making
the lack of threading explicit rather than implicit. Subsequently, the
nothread flag can be viewed through the standard genirq debugging
facilities.
[ tglx: Fixed cleanup fallout ]
Signed-off-by: Paul Mundt <lethal@linux-sh.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/%3C20110406210135.GF18426%40linux-sh.org%3E
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
For some reason nr_chain_hlocks is updated with cmpxchg, but
this is performed inside of the lockdep global "grab_lock()",
which also makes simple modification of this variable atomic.
Remove the cmpxchg logic for updating nr_chain_hlocks and
simplify the code.
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Acked-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Cc: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20110421014300.727863282@goodmis.org
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Lockdep output can be pretty cryptic, having nicer output
can save a lot of head scratching. When a simple irq inversion
scenario is detected by lockdep (lock A taken in interrupt
context but also in thread context without disabling interrupts)
we now get the following (hopefully more informative) output:
other info that might help us debug this:
Possible unsafe locking scenario:
CPU0
----
lock(lockA);
<Interrupt>
lock(lockA);
*** DEADLOCK ***
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Acked-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Cc: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20110421014300.436140880@goodmis.org
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
The message of "Bad BFS generated tree" is a bit confusing.
Replace it with a more sane error message.
Thanks to Peter Zijlstra for helping me come up with a better
message.
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Acked-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Cc: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20110421014300.135521252@goodmis.org
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Irq inversion and irq dependency bugs are only subtly
different. The diffenerence lies where the interrupt occurred.
For irq dependency:
irq_disable
lock(A)
lock(B)
unlock(B)
unlock(A)
irq_enable
lock(B)
unlock(B)
<interrupt>
lock(A)
The interrupt comes in after it has been established that lock A
can be held when taking an irq unsafe lock. Lockdep detects the
problem when taking lock A in interrupt context.
With the irq_inversion the irq happens before it is established
and lockdep detects the problem with the taking of lock B:
<interrupt>
lock(A)
irq_disable
lock(A)
lock(B)
unlock(B)
unlock(A)
irq_enable
lock(B)
unlock(B)
Since the problem with the locking logic for both of these issues
is in actuality the same, they both should report the same scenario.
This patch implements that and prints this:
other info that might help us debug this:
Chain exists of:
&rq->lock --> lockA --> lockC
Possible interrupt unsafe locking scenario:
CPU0 CPU1
---- ----
lock(lockC);
local_irq_disable();
lock(&rq->lock);
lock(lockA);
<Interrupt>
lock(&rq->lock);
*** DEADLOCK ***
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Acked-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Cc: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20110421014259.910720381@goodmis.org
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Lockdep output can be pretty cryptic, having nicer output
can save a lot of head scratching. When a simple deadlock
scenario is detected by lockdep (lock A -> lock A) we now
get the following new output:
other info that might help us debug this:
Possible unsafe locking scenario:
CPU0
----
lock(&(lock)->rlock);
lock(&(lock)->rlock);
*** DEADLOCK ***
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Acked-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Cc: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20110421014259.643930104@goodmis.org
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
The lockdep output can be pretty cryptic, having nicer output
can save a lot of head scratching. When a normal deadlock
scenario is detected by lockdep (lock A -> lock B and there
exists a place where lock B -> lock A) we now get the following
new output:
other info that might help us debug this:
Possible unsafe locking scenario:
CPU0 CPU1
---- ----
lock(lockB);
lock(lockA);
lock(lockB);
lock(lockA);
*** DEADLOCK ***
On cases where there's a deeper chair, it shows the partial
chain that can cause the issue:
Chain exists of:
lockC --> lockA --> lockB
Possible unsafe locking scenario:
CPU0 CPU1
---- ----
lock(lockB);
lock(lockA);
lock(lockB);
lock(lockC);
*** DEADLOCK ***
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Acked-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Cc: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20110421014259.380621789@goodmis.org
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Locking order inversion due to interrupts is a subtle problem.
When an irq lockiinversion discovered by lockdep it currently
reports something like:
[ INFO: HARDIRQ-safe -> HARDIRQ-unsafe lock order detected ]
... and then prints out the locks that are involved, as back traces.
Judging by lkml feedback developers were routinely confused by what
a HARDIRQ->safe to unsafe issue is all about, and sometimes even
blew it off as a bug in lockdep.
It is not obvious when lockdep prints this message about a lock that
is never taken in interrupt context.
After explaining the problems that lockdep is reporting, I
decided to add a description of the problem in visual form. Now
the following is shown:
---
other info that might help us debug this:
Possible interrupt unsafe locking scenario:
CPU0 CPU1
---- ----
lock(lockA);
local_irq_disable();
lock(&rq->lock);
lock(lockA);
<Interrupt>
lock(&rq->lock);
*** DEADLOCK ***
---
The above is the case when the unsafe lock is taken while
holding a lock taken in irq context. But when a lock is taken
that also grabs a unsafe lock, the call chain is shown:
---
other info that might help us debug this:
Chain exists of:
&rq->lock --> lockA --> lockC
Possible interrupt unsafe locking scenario:
CPU0 CPU1
---- ----
lock(lockC);
local_irq_disable();
lock(&rq->lock);
lock(lockA);
<Interrupt>
lock(&rq->lock);
*** DEADLOCK ***
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Acked-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Cc: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20110421014259.132728798@goodmis.org
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
scheduler_tick() is no longer called by fork code - this got discarded
a long time ago by commit bc947631d1 ("sched: improve efficiency
of sched_fork()").
So, remove the comment which still claims otherwise.
Signed-off-by: Rakib Mullick <rakib.mullick@gmail.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/BANLkTimO4iGP0QpaHO1HHF1QOnVcQpc0cw@mail.gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
A kernel booted with no_file_caps allows to install fscaps on a binary
but doesn't actually honor the fscaps when running the binary. Userspace
currently has no sane way to determine whether installing fscaps
actually has any effect. Since parsing /proc/cmdline is fragile this
patch exposes the current setting (1 or 0) via /sys/kernel/fscaps
Signed-off-by: Ludwig Nussel <ludwig.nussel@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
Device suspend/resume infrastructure is used not only by the suspend
and hibernate code in kernel/power, but also by APM, Xen and the
kexec jump feature. However, commit 40dc166cb5
(PM / Core: Introduce struct syscore_ops for core subsystems PM)
failed to add syscore_suspend() and syscore_resume() calls to that
code, which generally leads to breakage when the features in question
are used.
To fix this problem, add the missing syscore_suspend() and
syscore_resume() calls to arch/x86/kernel/apm_32.c, kernel/kexec.c
and drivers/xen/manage.c.
Signed-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rjw@sisk.pl>
Acked-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
Acked-by: Ian Campbell <ian.campbell@citrix.com>
* 'timer-fixes-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/linux-2.6-tip:
RTC: rtc-omap: Fix a leak of the IRQ during init failure
posix clocks: Replace mutex with reader/writer semaphore
Vladis Kletnieks reported a new RCU debug warning in the scheduler.
Since commit dce840a087 ("sched: Dynamically allocate sched_domain/
sched_group data-structures") the sched_domain trees are protected by
RCU instead of RCU-sched.
This means that we need to include rcu_read_lock() protection when we
iterate them since disabling preemption doesn't suffice anymore.
Reported-by: Valdis.Kletnieks@vt.edu
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1302882741.2388.241.camel@twins
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
When a task in a taskgroup sleeps, pick_next_task starts all the way back at
the root and picks the task/taskgroup with the min vruntime across all
runnable tasks.
But when there are many frequently sleeping tasks across different taskgroups,
it makes better sense to stay with same taskgroup for its slice period (or
until all tasks in the taskgroup sleeps) instead of switching cross taskgroup
on each sleep after a short runtime.
This helps specifically where taskgroups corresponds to a process with
multiple threads. The change reduces the number of CR3 switches in this case.
Example:
Two taskgroups with 2 threads each which are running for 2ms and
sleeping for 1ms. Looking at sched:sched_switch shows:
BEFORE: taskgroup_1 threads [5004, 5005], taskgroup_2 threads [5016, 5017]
cpu-soaker-5004 [003] 3683.391089
cpu-soaker-5016 [003] 3683.393106
cpu-soaker-5005 [003] 3683.395119
cpu-soaker-5017 [003] 3683.397130
cpu-soaker-5004 [003] 3683.399143
cpu-soaker-5016 [003] 3683.401155
cpu-soaker-5005 [003] 3683.403168
cpu-soaker-5017 [003] 3683.405170
AFTER: taskgroup_1 threads [21890, 21891], taskgroup_2 threads [21934, 21935]
cpu-soaker-21890 [003] 865.895494
cpu-soaker-21935 [003] 865.897506
cpu-soaker-21934 [003] 865.899520
cpu-soaker-21935 [003] 865.901532
cpu-soaker-21934 [003] 865.903543
cpu-soaker-21935 [003] 865.905546
cpu-soaker-21891 [003] 865.907548
cpu-soaker-21890 [003] 865.909560
cpu-soaker-21891 [003] 865.911571
cpu-soaker-21890 [003] 865.913582
cpu-soaker-21891 [003] 865.915594
cpu-soaker-21934 [003] 865.917606
Similar problem is there when there are multiple taskgroups and say a task A
preempts currently running task B of taskgroup_1. On schedule, pick_next_task
can pick an unrelated task on taskgroup_2. Here it would be better to give some
preference to task B on pick_next_task.
A simple (may be extreme case) benchmark I tried was tbench with 2 tbench
client processes with 2 threads each running on a single CPU. Avg throughput
across 5 50 sec runs was:
BEFORE: 105.84 MB/sec
AFTER: 112.42 MB/sec
Signed-off-by: Venkatesh Pallipadi <venki@google.com>
Acked-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1302802253-25760-1-git-send-email-venki@google.com
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Make set_*_buddy() work on non-task sched_entity, to facilitate the
use of next_buddy to cache a group entity in cases where one of the
tasks within that entity sleeps or gets preempted.
set_skip_buddy() was incorrectly comparing the policy of task that is
yielding to be not equal to SCHED_IDLE. Yielding should happen even
when task yielding is SCHED_IDLE. This change removes the policy check
on the yielding task.
Signed-off-by: Venkatesh Pallipadi <venki@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1302744070-30079-2-git-send-email-venki@google.com
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
If syscore_suspend() fails in suspend_enter(), create_image() or
resume_target_kernel(), it is necessary to call sysdev_resume(),
because sysdev_suspend() has been called already and succeeded
and we are going to abort the transition.
Signed-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rjw@sisk.pl>
Acked-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
next_pidmap() just quietly accepted whatever 'last' pid that was passed
in, which is not all that safe when one of the users is /proc.
Admittedly the proc code should do some sanity checking on the range
(and that will be the next commit), but that doesn't mean that the
helper functions should just do that pidmap pointer arithmetic without
checking the range of its arguments.
So clamp 'last' to PID_MAX_LIMIT. The fact that we then do "last+1"
doesn't really matter, the for-loop does check against the end of the
pidmap array properly (it's only the actual pointer arithmetic overflow
case we need to worry about, and going one bit beyond isn't going to
overflow).
[ Use PID_MAX_LIMIT rather than pid_max as per Eric Biederman ]
Reported-by: Tavis Ormandy <taviso@cmpxchg8b.com>
Analyzed-by: Robert Święcki <robert@swiecki.net>
Cc: Eric W. Biederman <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Cc: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@openvz.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
A dynamic posix clock is protected from asynchronous removal by a mutex.
However, using a mutex has the unwanted effect that a long running clock
operation in one process will unnecessarily block other processes.
For example, one process might call read() to get an external time stamp
coming in at one pulse per second. A second process calling clock_gettime
would have to wait for almost a whole second.
This patch fixes the issue by using a reader/writer semaphore instead of
a mutex.
Signed-off-by: Richard Cochran <richard.cochran@omicron.at>
Cc: John Stultz <john.stultz@linaro.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/%3C20110330132421.GA31771%40riccoc20.at.omicron.at%3E
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
* 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.dk/linux-2.6-block:
block: make unplug timer trace event correspond to the schedule() unplug
block: let io_schedule() flush the plug inline
* 'core-fixes-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/linux-2.6-tip:
futex: Set FLAGS_HAS_TIMEOUT during futex_wait restart setup
* 'perf-fixes-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/linux-2.6-tip:
perf_event: Fix cgrp event scheduling bug in perf_enable_on_exec()
perf: Fix a build error with some GCC versions
* 'sched-fixes-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/linux-2.6-tip:
sched: Fix erroneous all_pinned logic
sched: Fix sched-domain avg_load calculation
* 'timer-fixes-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/linux-2.6-tip:
RTC: rtc-mrst: follow on to the change of rtc_device_register()
RTC: add missing "return 0" in new alarm func for rtc-bfin.c
RTC: Fix s3c compile error due to missing s3c_rtc_setpie
RTC: Fix early irqs caused by calling rtc_set_alarm too early
* 'x86-fixes-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/linux-2.6-tip:
x86, amd: Disable GartTlbWlkErr when BIOS forgets it
x86, NUMA: Fix fakenuma boot failure
x86/mrst: Fix boot crash caused by incorrect pin to irq mapping
x86/ce4100: Add reg property to bridges
It's a pretty close match to what we had before - the timer triggering
would mean that nobody unplugged the plug in due time, in the new
scheme this matches very closely what the schedule() unplug now is.
It's essentially the difference between an explicit unplug (IO unplug)
or an implicit unplug (timer unplug, we scheduled with pending IO
queued).
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <jaxboe@fusionio.com>
Linus correctly observes that the most important dispatch cases
are now done from kblockd, this isn't ideal for latency reasons.
The original reason for switching dispatches out-of-line was to
avoid too deep a stack, so by _only_ letting the "accidental"
flush directly in schedule() be guarded by offload to kblockd,
we should be able to get the best of both worlds.
So add a blk_schedule_flush_plug() that offloads to kblockd,
and only use that from the schedule() path.
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <jaxboe@fusionio.com>
* 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.dk/linux-2.6-block:
block: only force kblockd unplugging from the schedule() path
block: cleanup the block plug helper functions
block, blk-sysfs: Use the variable directly instead of a function call
block: move queue run on unplug to kblockd
block: kill queue_sync_plugs()
block: readd plug trace event
block: add callback function for unplug notification
block: add comment on why we save and disable interrupts in flush_plug_list()
block: fixup block IO unplug trace call
block: remove block_unplug_timer() trace point
block: splice plug list to local context
The FLAGS_HAS_TIMEOUT flag was not getting set, causing the restart_block to
restart futex_wait() without a timeout after a signal.
Commit b41277dc7a in 2.6.38 introduced the regression by accidentally
removing the the FLAGS_HAS_TIMEOUT assignment from futex_wait() during the setup
of the restart block. Restore the originaly behavior.
Fixes: https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=32922
Reported-by: Tim Smith <tsmith201104@yahoo.com>
Reported-by: Torsten Hilbrich <torsten.hilbrich@secunet.com>
Signed-off-by: Darren Hart <dvhart@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Eric Dumazet <eric.dumazet@gmail.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: John Kacur <jkacur@redhat.com>
Cc: stable@kernel.org
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/%3Cdaac0eb3af607f72b9a4d3126b2ba8fb5ed3b883.1302820917.git.dvhart%40linux.intel.com%3E
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Now that we've removed the rq->lock requirement from the first part of
ttwu() and can compute placement without holding any rq->lock, ensure
we execute the second half of ttwu() on the actual cpu we want the
task to run on.
This avoids having to take rq->lock and doing the task enqueue
remotely, saving lots on cacheline transfers.
As measured using: http://oss.oracle.com/~mason/sembench.c
$ for i in /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu*/cpufreq/scaling_governor ; do echo performance > $i; done
$ echo 4096 32000 64 128 > /proc/sys/kernel/sem
$ ./sembench -t 2048 -w 1900 -o 0
unpatched: run time 30 seconds 647278 worker burns per second
patched: run time 30 seconds 816715 worker burns per second
Reviewed-by: Frank Rowand <frank.rowand@am.sony.com>
Cc: Mike Galbraith <efault@gmx.de>
Cc: Nick Piggin <npiggin@kernel.dk>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20110405152729.515897185@chello.nl
Oleg noticed that need_migrate_task() doesn't need the ->on_cpu check
now that ttwu() doesn't do remote enqueues for !->on_rq && ->on_cpu,
so remove the helper and replace the single instance with a direct
->on_rq test.
Suggested-by: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Frank Rowand <frank.rowand@am.sony.com>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Cc: Mike Galbraith <efault@gmx.de>
Cc: Nick Piggin <npiggin@kernel.dk>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20110405152729.556674812@chello.nl
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Factor our helper functions to make the inner workings of try_to_wake_up()
more obvious, this also allows for adding remote queues.
Reviewed-by: Frank Rowand <frank.rowand@am.sony.com>
Cc: Mike Galbraith <efault@gmx.de>
Cc: Nick Piggin <npiggin@kernel.dk>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20110405152729.475848012@chello.nl
The ttwu_post_activation() code does the core wakeup, it sets TASK_RUNNING
and performs wakeup-preemption, so give is a more descriptive name.
Reviewed-by: Frank Rowand <frank.rowand@am.sony.com>
Cc: Mike Galbraith <efault@gmx.de>
Cc: Nick Piggin <npiggin@kernel.dk>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20110405152729.434609705@chello.nl
In order to call ttwu_stat() without holding rq->lock we must remove
its rq argument. Since we need to change rq stats, account to the
local rq instead of the task rq, this is safe since we have IRQs
disabled.
Reviewed-by: Frank Rowand <frank.rowand@am.sony.com>
Cc: Mike Galbraith <efault@gmx.de>
Cc: Nick Piggin <npiggin@kernel.dk>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20110405152729.394638826@chello.nl
Currently ttwu() does two rq->lock acquisitions, once on the task's
old rq, holding it over the p->state fiddling and load-balance pass.
Then it drops the old rq->lock to acquire the new rq->lock.
By having serialized ttwu(), p->sched_class, p->cpus_allowed with
p->pi_lock, we can now drop the whole first rq->lock acquisition.
The p->pi_lock serializing concurrent ttwu() calls protects p->state,
which we will set to TASK_WAKING to bridge possible p->pi_lock to
rq->lock gaps and serialize set_task_cpu() calls against
task_rq_lock().
The p->pi_lock serialization of p->sched_class allows us to call
scheduling class methods without holding the rq->lock, and the
serialization of p->cpus_allowed allows us to do the load-balancing
bits without races.
Reviewed-by: Frank Rowand <frank.rowand@am.sony.com>
Cc: Mike Galbraith <efault@gmx.de>
Cc: Nick Piggin <npiggin@kernel.dk>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20110405152729.354401150@chello.nl
Since we can now call select_task_rq() and set_task_cpu() with only
p->pi_lock held, and sched_exec() load-balancing has always been
optimistic, drop all rq->lock usage.
Oleg also noted that need_migrate_task() will always be true for
current, so don't bother calling that at all.
Reviewed-by: Frank Rowand <frank.rowand@am.sony.com>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Cc: Mike Galbraith <efault@gmx.de>
Cc: Nick Piggin <npiggin@kernel.dk>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20110405152729.314204889@chello.nl
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Since p->pi_lock now protects all things needed to call
select_task_rq() avoid the double remote rq->lock acquisition and rely
on p->pi_lock.
Reviewed-by: Frank Rowand <frank.rowand@am.sony.com>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Cc: Mike Galbraith <efault@gmx.de>
Cc: Nick Piggin <npiggin@kernel.dk>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20110405152729.273362517@chello.nl
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
In order to be able to call set_task_cpu() while either holding
p->pi_lock or task_rq(p)->lock we need to hold both locks in order to
stabilize task_rq().
This makes task_rq_lock() acquire both locks, and have
__task_rq_lock() validate that p->pi_lock is held. This increases the
locking overhead for most scheduler syscalls but allows reduction of
rq->lock contention for some scheduler hot paths (ttwu).
Reviewed-by: Frank Rowand <frank.rowand@am.sony.com>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Cc: Mike Galbraith <efault@gmx.de>
Cc: Nick Piggin <npiggin@kernel.dk>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20110405152729.232781355@chello.nl
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Since we now serialize ttwu() using p->pi_lock, we also need to
serialize ttwu_local() using that, otherwise, once we drop the
rq->lock from ttwu() it can race with ttwu_local().
Reviewed-by: Frank Rowand <frank.rowand@am.sony.com>
Cc: Mike Galbraith <efault@gmx.de>
Cc: Nick Piggin <npiggin@kernel.dk>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20110405152729.192366907@chello.nl
In prepratation of having to call task_contributes_to_load() without
holding rq->lock, we need to store the result until we do and can
update the rq accounting accordingly.
Reviewed-by: Frank Rowand <frank.rowand@am.sony.com>
Cc: Mike Galbraith <efault@gmx.de>
Cc: Nick Piggin <npiggin@kernel.dk>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20110405152729.151523907@chello.nl
In order to avoid reading partial updated min_vruntime values on 32bit
implement a seqcount like solution.
Reviewed-by: Frank Rowand <frank.rowand@am.sony.com>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Cc: Mike Galbraith <efault@gmx.de>
Cc: Nick Piggin <npiggin@kernel.dk>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20110405152729.111378493@chello.nl
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
In preparation of calling this without rq->lock held, remove the
dependency on the rq argument.
Reviewed-by: Frank Rowand <frank.rowand@am.sony.com>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Cc: Mike Galbraith <efault@gmx.de>
Cc: Nick Piggin <npiggin@kernel.dk>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20110405152729.071474242@chello.nl
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
In preparation of calling select_task_rq() without rq->lock held, drop
the dependency on the rq argument.
Reviewed-by: Frank Rowand <frank.rowand@am.sony.com>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Cc: Mike Galbraith <efault@gmx.de>
Cc: Nick Piggin <npiggin@kernel.dk>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20110405152729.031077745@chello.nl
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Currently p->pi_lock already serializes p->sched_class, also put
p->cpus_allowed and try_to_wake_up() under it, this prepares the way
to do the first part of ttwu() without holding rq->lock.
By having p->sched_class and p->cpus_allowed serialized by p->pi_lock,
we prepare the way to call select_task_rq() without holding rq->lock.
Reviewed-by: Frank Rowand <frank.rowand@am.sony.com>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Cc: Mike Galbraith <efault@gmx.de>
Cc: Nick Piggin <npiggin@kernel.dk>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20110405152728.990364093@chello.nl
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Provide a generic p->on_rq because the p->se.on_rq semantics are
unfavourable for lockless wakeups but needed for sched_fair.
In particular, p->on_rq is only cleared when we actually dequeue the
task in schedule() and not on any random dequeue as done by things
like __migrate_task() and __sched_setscheduler().
This also allows us to remove p->se usage from !sched_fair code.
Reviewed-by: Frank Rowand <frank.rowand@am.sony.com>
Cc: Mike Galbraith <efault@gmx.de>
Cc: Nick Piggin <npiggin@kernel.dk>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20110405152728.949545047@chello.nl
Collect all ttwu() stat code into a single function and ensure its
always called for an actual wakeup (changing p->state to
TASK_RUNNING).
Reviewed-by: Frank Rowand <frank.rowand@am.sony.com>
Cc: Mike Galbraith <efault@gmx.de>
Cc: Nick Piggin <npiggin@kernel.dk>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20110405152728.908177058@chello.nl
try_to_wake_up() would only return a success when it would have to
place a task on a rq, change that to every time we change p->state to
TASK_RUNNING, because that's the real measure of wakeups.
This results in that success is always true for the tracepoints.
Reviewed-by: Frank Rowand <frank.rowand@am.sony.com>
Cc: Mike Galbraith <efault@gmx.de>
Cc: Nick Piggin <npiggin@kernel.dk>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20110405152728.866866929@chello.nl
wq_worker_waking_up() needs to match wq_worker_sleeping(), since the
latter is only called on deactivate, move the former near activate.
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/n/top-t3m7n70n9frmv4pv2n5fwmov@git.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Since we now have p->on_cpu unconditionally available, use it to
re-implement mutex_spin_on_owner.
Requested-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Reviewed-by: Frank Rowand <frank.rowand@am.sony.com>
Cc: Mike Galbraith <efault@gmx.de>
Cc: Nick Piggin <npiggin@kernel.dk>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20110405152728.826338173@chello.nl
Always provide p->on_cpu so that we can determine if its on a cpu
without having to lock the rq.
Reviewed-by: Frank Rowand <frank.rowand@am.sony.com>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Cc: Mike Galbraith <efault@gmx.de>
Cc: Nick Piggin <npiggin@kernel.dk>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20110405152728.785452014@chello.nl
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Merge reason: Pick up this upstream commit:
6631e635c6: block: don't flush plugged IO on forced preemtion scheduling
As it modifies the scheduler and we'll queue up dependent patches.
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
We really only want to unplug the pending IO when the process actually
goes to sleep. So move the test for flushing the plug up to the place
where we actually deactivate the task - where we have properly checked
for preemption and for the process really sleeping.
Acked-by: Jens Axboe <jaxboe@fusionio.com>
Acked-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
It was removed with the on-stack plugging, readd it and track the
depth of requests added when flushing the plug.
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <jaxboe@fusionio.com>
Make XEN_SAVE_RESTORE select HIBERNATE_CALLBACKS.
Remove XEN_SAVE_RESTORE dependency from PM_SLEEP.
Signed-off-by: Shriram Rajagopalan <rshriram@cs.ubc.ca>
Acked-by: Ian Campbell <ian.campbell@citrix.com>
Signed-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rjw@sisk.pl>
Xen save/restore is going to use hibernate device callbacks for
quiescing devices and putting them back to normal operations and it
would need to select CONFIG_HIBERNATION for this purpose. However,
that also would cause the hibernate interfaces for user space to be
enabled, which might confuse user space, because the Xen kernels
don't support hibernation. Moreover, it would be wasteful, as it
would make the Xen kernels include a substantial amount of code that
they would never use.
To address this issue introduce new power management Kconfig option
CONFIG_HIBERNATE_CALLBACKS, such that it will only select the code
that is necessary for the hibernate device callbacks to work and make
CONFIG_HIBERNATION select it. Then, Xen save/restore will be able to
select CONFIG_HIBERNATE_CALLBACKS without dragging the entire
hibernate code along with it.
Signed-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rjw@sisk.pl>
Tested-by: Shriram Rajagopalan <rshriram@cs.ubc.ca>
Remove the SD_LV_ enum and use dynamic level assignments.
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Cc: Mike Galbraith <efault@gmx.de>
Cc: Nick Piggin <npiggin@kernel.dk>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20110407122942.969433965@chello.nl
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
In order to remove the last dependency on the statid domain levels,
move the sd_data storage into the topology structure.
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Cc: Mike Galbraith <efault@gmx.de>
Cc: Nick Piggin <npiggin@kernel.dk>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20110407122942.924926412@chello.nl
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
In order to get rid of static sched_domain::level assignments, reverse
the topology iteration.
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Cc: Mike Galbraith <efault@gmx.de>
Cc: Nick Piggin <npiggin@kernel.dk>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20110407122942.876506131@chello.nl
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Since all the __build_$DOM_sched_domain() functions do pretty much the
same thing, unify them.
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Cc: Mike Galbraith <efault@gmx.de>
Cc: Nick Piggin <npiggin@kernel.dk>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20110407122942.826347257@chello.nl
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
In order to make the topology contruction fully dynamic, remove the
still hard-coded list of possible domains and stick them in a
data-structure.
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Cc: Mike Galbraith <efault@gmx.de>
Cc: Nick Piggin <npiggin@kernel.dk>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20110407122942.770335383@chello.nl
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
In order to unify the sched domain creation more, create proper
cpu_$DOM_mask() functions for those domains that didn't already have
one.
Use the sched_domains_tmpmask for the weird NUMA domain span.
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Cc: Mike Galbraith <efault@gmx.de>
Cc: Nick Piggin <npiggin@kernel.dk>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20110407122942.717702108@chello.nl
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Since we're all serialized by sched_domains_mutex we can use
sched_domains_tmpmask and avoid having to do allocations. This means
we can use sched_domains_debug() for cpu_attach_domain() again.
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Cc: Mike Galbraith <efault@gmx.de>
Cc: Nick Piggin <npiggin@kernel.dk>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20110407122942.664347467@chello.nl
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Since sched domain creation is fully serialized by the
sched_domains_mutex we can create a single persistent tmpmask to use
during domain creation.
This removes the need for s_data::send_covered.
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Cc: Mike Galbraith <efault@gmx.de>
Cc: Nick Piggin <npiggin@kernel.dk>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20110407122942.607287405@chello.nl
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
There's only one nodemask user left so remove it with a direct
computation and save some memory and reduce some code-flow
complexity.
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Cc: Mike Galbraith <efault@gmx.de>
Cc: Nick Piggin <npiggin@kernel.dk>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20110407122942.505608966@chello.nl
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Don't treat ALLNODES/NODE different for difference's sake. Simply
always create the ALLNODES domain and let the sd_degenerate() checks
kill it when its redundant. This simplifies the code flow.
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Cc: Mike Galbraith <efault@gmx.de>
Cc: Nick Piggin <npiggin@kernel.dk>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20110407122942.455464579@chello.nl
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Don't use sd->level for identifying properties of the domain.
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Cc: Mike Galbraith <efault@gmx.de>
Cc: Nick Piggin <npiggin@kernel.dk>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20110407122942.350174079@chello.nl
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
If we check the root_domain reference count we can see if its been
used or not, use this observation to simplify some of the return
paths.
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Cc: Mike Galbraith <efault@gmx.de>
Cc: Nick Piggin <npiggin@kernel.dk>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20110407122942.298339503@chello.nl
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Instead of relying on static allocations for the sched_domain and
sched_group trees, dynamically allocate and RCU free them.
Allocating this dynamically also allows for some build_sched_groups()
simplification since we can now (like with other simplifications) rely
on the sched_domain tree instead of hard-coded knowledge.
One tricky to note is that detach_destroy_domains() needs to hold
rcu_read_lock() over the entire tear-down, per-cpu is not sufficient
since that can lead to partial sched_group existance (could possibly
be solved by doing the tear-down backwards but this is much more
robust).
A concequence of the above is that we can no longer print the
sched_domain debug stuff from cpu_attach_domain() since that might now
run with preemption disabled (due to classic RCU etc.) and
sched_domain_debug() does some GFP_KERNEL allocations.
Another thing to note is that we now fully rely on normal RCU and not
RCU-sched, this is because with the new and exiting RCU flavours we
grew over the years BH doesn't necessarily hold off RCU-sched grace
periods (-rt is known to break this). This would in fact already cause
us grief since we do sched_domain/sched_group iterations from softirq
context.
This patch is somewhat larger than I would like it to be, but I didn't
find any means of shrinking/splitting this.
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Cc: Mike Galbraith <efault@gmx.de>
Cc: Nick Piggin <npiggin@kernel.dk>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20110407122942.245307941@chello.nl
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Again, instead of relying on knowing the possible domains and their
order, simply rely on the sched_domain tree and whatever domains are
present in there to initialize the sched_group cpu_power.
Note: we need to iterate the CPU mask backwards because of the
cpumask_first() condition for iterating up the tree. By iterating the
mask backwards we ensure all groups of a domain are set-up before
starting on the parent groups that rely on its children to be
completely done.
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Cc: Mike Galbraith <efault@gmx.de>
Cc: Nick Piggin <npiggin@kernel.dk>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20110407122942.187335414@chello.nl
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Instead of relying on knowing the build order and various CONFIG_
flags simply remember the bottom most sched_domain when we created the
domain hierarchy.
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Cc: Mike Galbraith <efault@gmx.de>
Cc: Nick Piggin <npiggin@kernel.dk>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20110407122942.134511046@chello.nl
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Instead of calling build_sched_groups() for each possible sched_domain
we might have created, note that we can simply iterate the
sched_domain tree and call it for each sched_domain present.
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Cc: Mike Galbraith <efault@gmx.de>
Cc: Nick Piggin <npiggin@kernel.dk>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20110407122942.077862519@chello.nl
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
The NODE sched_domain is 'special' in that it allocates sched_groups
per CPU, instead of sharing the sched_groups between all CPUs.
While this might have some benefits on large NUMA and avoid remote
memory accesses when iterating the sched_groups, this does break
current code that assumes sched_groups are shared between all
sched_domains (since the dynamic cpu_power patches).
So refactor the NODE groups to behave like all other groups.
(The ALLNODES domain again shared its groups across the CPUs for some
reason).
If someone does measure a performance decrease due to this change we
need to revisit this and come up with another way to have both dynamic
cpu_power and NUMA work nice together.
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Cc: Mike Galbraith <efault@gmx.de>
Cc: Nick Piggin <npiggin@kernel.dk>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20110407122941.978111700@chello.nl
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Notice that the mask being computed is the same as the domain span we
just computed. By using the domain_span we can avoid some mask
allocations and computations.
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Cc: Mike Galbraith <efault@gmx.de>
Cc: Nick Piggin <npiggin@kernel.dk>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20110407122941.925028189@chello.nl
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
The code in update_group_power() does what init_sched_groups_power()
does and more, so remove the special init_ code and call the generic
code instead.
Also move the sd->span_weight initialization because
update_group_power() needs it.
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Cc: Mike Galbraith <efault@gmx.de>
Cc: Nick Piggin <npiggin@kernel.dk>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20110407122941.875856012@chello.nl
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Non weak static functions clearly are not arch specific, so remove the
arch_ prefix.
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Cc: Mike Galbraith <efault@gmx.de>
Cc: Nick Piggin <npiggin@kernel.dk>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20110407122941.820460566@chello.nl
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
The scheduler load balancer has specific code to deal with cases of
unbalanced system due to lots of unmovable tasks (for example because of
hard CPU affinity). In those situation, it excludes the busiest CPU that
has pinned tasks for load balance consideration such that it can perform
second 2nd load balance pass on the rest of the system.
This all works as designed if there is only one cgroup in the system.
However, when we have multiple cgroups, this logic has false positives and
triggers multiple load balance passes despite there are actually no pinned
tasks at all.
The reason it has false positives is that the all pinned logic is deep in
the lowest function of can_migrate_task() and is too low level:
load_balance_fair() iterates each task group and calls balance_tasks() to
migrate target load. Along the way, balance_tasks() will also set a
all_pinned variable. Given that task-groups are iterated, this all_pinned
variable is essentially the status of last group in the scanning process.
Task group can have number of reasons that no load being migrated, none
due to cpu affinity. However, this status bit is being propagated back up
to the higher level load_balance(), which incorrectly think that no tasks
were moved. It kick off the all pinned logic and start multiple passes
attempt to move load onto puller CPU.
To fix this, move the all_pinned aggregation up at the iterator level.
This ensures that the status is aggregated over all task-groups, not just
last one in the list.
Signed-off-by: Ken Chen <kenchen@google.com>
Cc: stable@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/BANLkTi=ernzNawaR5tJZEsV_QVnfxqXmsQ@mail.gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
In function find_busiest_group(), the sched-domain avg_load isn't
calculated at all if there is a group imbalance within the domain. This
will cause erroneous imbalance calculation.
The reason is that calculate_imbalance() sees sds->avg_load = 0 and it
will dump entire sds->max_load into imbalance variable, which is used
later on to migrate entire load from busiest CPU to the puller CPU.
This has two really bad effect:
1. stampede of task migration, and they won't be able to break out
of the bad state because of positive feedback loop: large load
delta -> heavier load migration -> larger imbalance and the cycle
goes on.
2. severe imbalance in CPU queue depth. This causes really long
scheduling latency blip which affects badly on application that
has tight latency requirement.
The fix is to have kernel calculate domain avg_load in both cases. This
will ensure that imbalance calculation is always sensible and the target
is usually half way between busiest and puller CPU.
Signed-off-by: Ken Chen <kenchen@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Cc: <stable@kernel.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20110408002322.3A0D812217F@elm.corp.google.com
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
There is a bug in perf_event_enable_on_exec() when cgroup events are
active on a CPU: the cgroup events may be scheduled twice causing event
state corruptions which eventually may lead to kernel panics.
The reason is that the function needs to first schedule out the cgroup
events, just like for the per-thread events. The cgroup event are
scheduled back in automatically from the perf_event_context_sched_in()
function.
The patch also adds a WARN_ON_ONCE() is perf_cgroup_switch() to catch any
bogus state.
Signed-off-by: Stephane Eranian <eranian@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20110406005454.GA1062@quad
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
* 'x86-fixes-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/linux-2.6-tip:
x86-32, fpu: Fix FPU exception handling on non-SSE systems
x86, hibernate: Initialize mmu_cr4_features during boot
x86-32, NUMA: Fix ACPI NUMA init broken by recent x86-64 change
x86: visws: Fixup irq overhaul fallout
* 'sched-fixes-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/linux-2.6-tip:
sched: Clean up rebalance_domains() load-balance interval calculation
* 'timers-fixes-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/linux-2.6-tip:
x86/mrst/vrtc: Fix boot crash in mrst_rtc_init()
rtc, x86/mrst/vrtc: Fix boot crash in rtc_read_alarm()
* 'irq-fixes-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/linux-2.6-tip:
genirq: Fix cpumask leak in __setup_irq()
* 'perf-fixes-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/linux-2.6-tip:
perf probe: Fix listing incorrect line number with inline function
perf probe: Fix to find recursively inlined function
perf probe: Fix multiple --vars options behavior
perf probe: Fix to remove redundant close
perf probe: Fix to ensure function declared file
Instead of the possible multiple-evaluation of num_online_cpus()
in rebalance_domains() that Linus reported, avoid it altogether
in the normal case since it's implemented with a Hamming weight
function over a cpu bitmask which can be darn expensive for those
with big iron.
This also makes it cleaner, smaller and documents the code.
Reported-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
LKML-Reference: <1301991265.2225.12.camel@twins>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Add kernel-doc to syscalls in signal.c.
Signed-off-by: Randy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
General coding style and comment fixes; no code changes:
- Use multi-line-comment coding style.
- Put some function signatures completely on one line.
- Hyphenate some words.
- Spell Posix as POSIX.
- Correct typos & spellos in some comments.
- Drop trailing whitespace.
- End sentences with periods.
Signed-off-by: Randy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Introduce:
static __always_inline bool static_branch(struct jump_label_key *key);
instead of the old JUMP_LABEL(key, label) macro.
In this way, jump labels become really easy to use:
Define:
struct jump_label_key jump_key;
Can be used as:
if (static_branch(&jump_key))
do unlikely code
enable/disale via:
jump_label_inc(&jump_key);
jump_label_dec(&jump_key);
that's it!
For the jump labels disabled case, the static_branch() becomes an
atomic_read(), and jump_label_inc()/dec() are simply atomic_inc(),
atomic_dec() operations. We show testing results for this change below.
Thanks to H. Peter Anvin for suggesting the 'static_branch()' construct.
Since we now require a 'struct jump_label_key *key', we can store a pointer into
the jump table addresses. In this way, we can enable/disable jump labels, in
basically constant time. This change allows us to completely remove the previous
hashtable scheme. Thanks to Peter Zijlstra for this re-write.
Testing:
I ran a series of 'tbench 20' runs 5 times (with reboots) for 3
configurations, where tracepoints were disabled.
jump label configured in
avg: 815.6
jump label *not* configured in (using atomic reads)
avg: 800.1
jump label *not* configured in (regular reads)
avg: 803.4
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
LKML-Reference: <20110316212947.GA8792@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Jason Baron <jbaron@redhat.com>
Suggested-by: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@linux.intel.com>
Tested-by: David Daney <ddaney@caviumnetworks.com>
Acked-by: Ralf Baechle <ralf@linux-mips.org>
Acked-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Acked-by: Mathieu Desnoyers <mathieu.desnoyers@efficios.com>
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
running following commands:
# enable the binary option
echo 1 > ./options/bin
# disable context info option
echo 0 > ./options/context-info
# tracing only events
echo 1 > ./events/enable
cat trace_pipe
plus forcing system to generate many tracing events,
is causing lockup (in NON preemptive kernels) inside
tracing_read_pipe function.
The issue is also easily reproduced by running ltp stress test.
(ftrace_stress_test.sh)
The reasons are:
- bin/hex/raw output functions for events are set to
trace_nop_print function, which prints nothing and
returns TRACE_TYPE_HANDLED value
- LOST EVENT trace do not handle trace_seq overflow
These reasons force the while loop in tracing_read_pipe
function never to break.
The attached patch fixies handling of lost event trace, and
changes trace_nop_print to print minimal info, which is needed
for the correct tracing_read_pipe processing.
v2 changes:
- omit the cond_resched changes by trace_nop_print changes
- WARN changed to WARN_ONCE and added info to be able
to find out the culprit
v3 changes:
- make more accurate patch comment
Signed-off-by: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@redhat.com>
LKML-Reference: <20110325110518.GC1922@jolsa.brq.redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
The file debugfs/tracing/printk_formats maps the addresses
to the formats that are used by trace_bprintk() so that userspace
tools can read the buffer and be able to decode trace_bprintk events
to get the format saved when reading the ring buffer directly.
This is because trace_bprintk() does not store the format into the
buffer, but just the address of the format, which is hidden in
the kernel memory.
But currently it only exports trace_bprintk()s from the kernel core
and not for modules. The modules need their formats exported
as well.
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
The trace_printk() formats for modules do not show up in the
debugfs/tracing/printk_formats file. Only the formats that are
for trace_printk()s that are in the kernel core.
To facilitate the change to add trace_printk() formats from modules
into that file as well, we need to convert the structure that
holds the formats from char fmt[], into const char *fmt,
and allocate them separately.
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
The ADJ_SETOFFSET bit added in commit 094aa188 ("ntp: Add ADJ_SETOFFSET
mode bit") also introduced a way for any user to change the system time.
Sneaky or buggy calls to adjtimex() could set
ADJ_OFFSET_SS_READ | ADJ_SETOFFSET
which would result in a successful call to timekeeping_inject_offset().
This patch fixes the issue by adding the capability check.
Signed-off-by: Richard Cochran <richard.cochran@omicron.at>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The CAP_INIT macros of INH, BSET, and EFF made sense at one point in time,
but now days they aren't helping. Just open code the logic in the
init_cred.
Signed-off-by: Eric Paris <eparis@redhat.com>
Acked-by: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: James Morris <jmorris@namei.org>
unused code. Clean it up.
Signed-off-by: Eric Paris <eparis@redhat.com>
Acked-by: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Andrew G. Morgan <morgan@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: James Morris <jmorris@namei.org>
In olden' days of yore CAP_SETPCAP had special meaning for the init task.
We actually have code to make sure that CAP_SETPCAP wasn't in pE of things
using the init_cred. But CAP_SETPCAP isn't so special any more and we
don't have a reason to special case dropping it for init or kthreads....
Signed-off-by: Eric Paris <eparis@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Andrew G. Morgan <morgan@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: James Morris <jmorris@namei.org>
There is no way to limit the capabilities of usermodehelpers. This problem
reared its head recently when someone complained that any user with
cap_net_admin was able to load arbitrary kernel modules, even though the user
didn't have cap_sys_module. The reason is because the actual load is done by
a usermode helper and those always have the full cap set. This patch addes new
sysctls which allow us to bound the permissions of usermode helpers.
/proc/sys/kernel/usermodehelper/bset
/proc/sys/kernel/usermodehelper/inheritable
You must have CAP_SYS_MODULE and CAP_SETPCAP to change these (changes are
&= ONLY). When the kernel launches a usermodehelper it will do so with these
as the bset and pI.
-v2: make globals static
create spinlock to protect globals
-v3: require both CAP_SETPCAP and CAP_SYS_MODULE
-v4: fix the typo s/CAP_SET_PCAP/CAP_SETPCAP/ because I didn't commit
Signed-off-by: Eric Paris <eparis@redhat.com>
No-objection-from: Serge E. Hallyn <serge.hallyn@canonical.com>
Acked-by: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Serge E. Hallyn <serge.hallyn@canonical.com>
Acked-by: Andrew G. Morgan <morgan@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: James Morris <jmorris@namei.org>
After "ptrace: Clean transitions between TASK_STOPPED and TRACED"
d79fdd6d96, ptrace_check_attach()
should never see a TASK_STOPPED tracee and s/STOPPED/TRACED/ is
no longer legal. Add the warning.
Note: ptrace_check_attach() can be greatly simplified, in particular
it doesn't need tasklist. But I'd prefer another patch for that.
Signed-off-by: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
This patch moves SIGNAL_STOP_DEQUEUED from signal_struct->flags to
task_struct->group_stop, and thus makes it per-thread.
Like SIGNAL_STOP_DEQUEUED, GROUP_STOP_DEQUEUED can be false-positive
after return from get_signal_to_deliver(), this is fine. The only
purpose of this bit is: we can drop ->siglock after __dequeue_signal()
returns the sig_kernel_stop() signal and before we call
do_signal_stop(), in this case we must not miss SIGCONT if it comes in
between.
But, unlike SIGNAL_STOP_DEQUEUED, GROUP_STOP_DEQUEUED can not be
false-positive in do_signal_stop() if multiple threads dequeue the
sig_kernel_stop() signal at the same time.
Consider two threads T1 and T2, SIGTTIN has a hanlder.
- T1 dequeues SIGTSTP and sets SIGNAL_STOP_DEQUEUED, then
it drops ->siglock
- SIGCONT comes and clears SIGNAL_STOP_DEQUEUED, SIGTSTP
should be cancelled.
- T2 dequeues SIGTTIN and sets SIGNAL_STOP_DEQUEUED again.
Since we have a handler we should not stop, T2 returns
to usermode to run the handler.
- T1 continues, calls do_signal_stop() and wrongly starts
the group stop because SIGNAL_STOP_DEQUEUED was restored
in between.
With or without this change:
- we need to do something with ptrace_signal() which can
return SIGSTOP, but this needs another discussion
- SIGSTOP can be lost if it races with the mt exec, will
be fixed later.
Signed-off-by: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
PF_EXITING or TASK_STOPPED has already called task_participate_group_stop()
and cleared its ->group_stop. No need to do task_clear_group_stop_pending()
when we start the new group stop.
Add a small comment to explain the !task_is_stopped() check. Note that this
check is not exactly right and it can lead to unnecessary stop later if the
thread is TASK_PTRACED. What we need is task_participated_in_group_stop(),
this will be solved later.
Signed-off-by: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
prepare_signal(SIGCONT) should never set TIF_SIGPENDING or wake up
the TASK_INTERRUPTIBLE threads. We are going to call complete_signal()
which should pick the right thread correctly. All we need is to wake
up the TASK_STOPPED threads.
If the task was stopped, it can't return to usermode without taking
->siglock. Otherwise we don't care, and the spurious TIF_SIGPENDING
can't be useful.
The comment says:
* If there is a handler for SIGCONT, we must make
* sure that no thread returns to user mode before
* we post the signal
It is not clear what this means. Probably, "when there's only a single
thread" and this continues to be true. Otherwise, even if this SIGCONT
is not private, with or without this change only one thread can dequeue
SIGCONT, other threads can happily return to user mode before before
that thread handles this signal.
Note also that wake_up_state(t, __TASK_STOPPED) can't race with the task
which changes its state, TASK_STOPPED state is protected by ->siglock as
well.
In short: when it comes to signal delivery, SIGCONT is the normal signal
and does not need any special support.
Signed-off-by: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
The allocated cpumask should be freed in __setup_irq().
Signed-off-by: Xiaotian Feng <dfeng@redhat.com>
LKML-Reference: <1301744375-6812-1-git-send-email-dfeng@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
On ppc64 the crashkernel region almost always overlaps an area of firmware.
This works fine except when using the sysfs interface to reduce the kdump
region. If we free the firmware area we are guaranteed to crash.
Rename free_reserved_phys_range to crash_free_reserved_phys_range and make
it a weak function so we can override it.
Signed-off-by: Anton Blanchard <anton@samba.org>
Signed-off-by: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org>
sys_perf_event_open() had an imbalance in the number of task refs it
took causing memory leakage
Cc: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@redhat.com>
Cc: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
Cc: stable@kernel.org # .37+
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
LKML-Reference: <new-submission>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
The interval for checking scheduling domains if they are due to be
balanced currently depends on boot state NR_CPUS, which may not
accurately reflect the number of online CPUs at the time of check.
Thus replace NR_CPUS with num_online_cpus().
(ed: Should only affect those who set NR_CPUS really high, such as 4096
or so :-)
Signed-off-by: Sisir Koppaka <sisir.koppaka@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
LKML-Reference: <AANLkTikqHWid2Q93F5U5Qw5snJH8C5PXoa7J6=6hYO94@mail.gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
sched_setscheduler() (in sched.c) is called in order of changing the
scheduling policy and/or the real-time priority of a task. Thus,
if we find out that neither of those are actually being modified, it
is possible to return earlier and save the overhead of a full
deactivate+activate cycle of the task in question.
Beside that, if we have more than one SCHED_FIFO task with the same
priority on the same rq (which means they share the same priority queue)
having one of them changing its position in the priority queue because of
a sched_setscheduler (as it happens by means of the deactivate+activate)
that does not actually change the priority violates POSIX which states,
for SCHED_FIFO:
"If a thread whose policy or priority has been modified by
pthread_setschedprio() is a running thread or is runnable, the effect on
its position in the thread list depends on the direction of the
modification, as follows: a. <...> b. If the priority is unchanged, the
thread does not change position in the thread list. c. <...>"
http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/009695399/functions/xsh_chap02_08.html
(ed: And the POSIX specification here does, briefly and somewhat unexpectedly,
match what common sense tells us as well. )
Signed-off-by: Dario Faggioli <raistlin@linux.it>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
LKML-Reference: <1300971618.3960.82.camel@Palantir>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
The only subtle difference is that alpha uses ACTUAL_NR_IRQS and
prints the IRQF_DISABLED flag.
Change the generic implementation to deal with ACTUAL_NR_IRQS if
defined.
The IRQF_DISABLED printing is pointless, as we nowadays run all
interrupts with irqs disabled.
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
The late night fixup missed to convert the data type from irq_desc to
irq_data, which results in a harmless but annoying warning.
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
* 'irq-cleanup-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/linux-2.6-tip:
vlynq: Convert irq functions
* 'irq-fixes-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/linux-2.6-tip:
genirq; Fix cleanup fallout
genirq: Fix typo and remove unused variable
genirq: Fix new kernel-doc warnings
genirq: Add setter for AFFINITY_SET in irq_data state
genirq: Provide setter inline for IRQD_IRQ_INPROGRESS
genirq: Remove handle_IRQ_event
arm: Ns9xxx: Remove private irq flow handler
powerpc: cell: Use the core flow handler
genirq: Provide edge_eoi flow handler
genirq: Move INPROGRESS, MASKED and DISABLED state flags to irq_data
genirq: Split irq_set_affinity() so it can be called with lock held.
genirq: Add chip flag for restricting cpu_on/offline calls
genirq: Add chip hooks for taking CPUs on/off line.
genirq: Add irq disabled flag to irq_data state
genirq: Reserve the irq when calling irq_set_chip()
I missed the CONFIG_GENERIC_PENDING_IRQ dependency in the affinity
related functions and the IRQ_LEVEL propagation into irq_data
state. Did not pop up on my main test platforms. :(
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Tested-by: David Daney <ddaney@caviumnetworks.com>
Commit da48524eb2 ("Prevent rt_sigqueueinfo and rt_tgsigqueueinfo
from spoofing the signal code") made the check on si_code too strict.
There are several legitimate places where glibc wants to queue a
negative si_code different from SI_QUEUE:
- This was first noticed with glibc's aio implementation, which wants
to queue a signal with si_code SI_ASYNCIO; the current kernel
causes glibc's tst-aio4 test to fail because rt_sigqueueinfo()
fails with EPERM.
- Further examination of the glibc source shows that getaddrinfo_a()
wants to use SI_ASYNCNL (which the kernel does not even define).
The timer_create() fallback code wants to queue signals with SI_TIMER.
As suggested by Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>, loosen the check to
forbid only the problematic SI_TKILL case.
Reported-by: Klaus Dittrich <kladit@arcor.de>
Acked-by: Julien Tinnes <jln@google.com>
Cc: <stable@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Roland Dreier <roland@purestorage.com>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Fix new irq-related kernel-doc warnings in 2.6.38:
Warning(kernel/irq/manage.c:149): No description found for parameter 'mask'
Warning(kernel/irq/manage.c:149): Excess function parameter 'cpumask' description in 'irq_set_affinity'
Warning(include/linux/irq.h:161): No description found for parameter 'state_use_accessors'
Warning(include/linux/irq.h:161): Excess struct/union/enum/typedef member 'state_use_accessor' description in 'irq_data'
Signed-off-by: Randy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@oracle.com>
LKML-Reference: <20110318093356.b939558d.randy.dunlap@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
This is a replacment for the cell flow handler which is in the way of
cleanups. Must be selected to avoid general bloat.
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
We really need these flags for some of the interrupt chips. Move it
from internal state to irq_data and provide proper accessors.
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: David Daney <ddaney@caviumnetworks.com>
The .irq_cpu_online() and .irq_cpu_offline() functions may need to
adjust affinity, but they are called with the descriptor lock held.
Create __irq_set_affinity_locked() which is called with the lock held.
Make irq_set_affinity() just a wrapper that acquires the lock.
[ tglx: Changed the argument to irq_data, added a !desc check and
moved the !irq_set_affinity check where it belongs ]
Signed-off-by: David Daney <ddaney@caviumnetworks.com>
Cc: linux-mips@linux-mips.org
Cc: ralf@linux-mips.org
LKML-Reference: <1301081931-11240-4-git-send-email-ddaney@caviumnetworks.com>
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Add a flag which indicates that the on/offline callback should only be
called on enabled interrupts.
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
[ tglx: Removed the enabled argument as this is now available in
irq_data ]
Signed-off-by: David Daney <ddaney@caviumnetworks.com>
Cc: linux-mips@linux-mips.org
Cc: ralf@linux-mips.org
LKML-Reference: <1301081931-11240-3-git-send-email-ddaney@caviumnetworks.com>
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Some irq_chip implementation require to know the disabled state of the
interrupt in certain callbacks. Add a state flag and accessor to
irq_data.
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
The helper macros and functions like for_each_active_irq() don't work
unless the irq is in the allocated_irqs set.
In the case of !CONFIG_SPARSE_IRQ, instead of forcing all users of the
irq infrastructure to explicitly call irq_reserve_irq(), do it for
them.
Signed-off-by: David Daney <ddaney@caviumnetworks.com>
Cc: linux-mips@linux-mips.org
Cc: ralf@linux-mips.org
LKML-Reference: <1301081931-11240-2-git-send-email-ddaney@caviumnetworks.com>
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
* 'syscore' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/rafael/suspend-2.6:
Introduce ARCH_NO_SYSDEV_OPS config option (v2)
cpufreq: Use syscore_ops for boot CPU suspend/resume (v2)
KVM: Use syscore_ops instead of sysdev class and sysdev
PCI / Intel IOMMU: Use syscore_ops instead of sysdev class and sysdev
timekeeping: Use syscore_ops instead of sysdev class and sysdev
x86: Use syscore_ops instead of sysdev classes and sysdevs
* 'for_linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/jwessel/linux-2.6-kgdb:
kdb: add usage string of 'per_cpu' command
kgdb,x86_64: fix compile warning found with sparse
kdb: code cleanup to use macro instead of value
kgdboc,kgdbts: strlen() doesn't count the terminator
* 'perf-fixes-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/linux-2.6-tip:
perf, x86: Complain louder about BIOSen corrupting CPU/PMU state and continue
perf, x86: P4 PMU - Read proper MSR register to catch unflagged overflows
perf symbols: Look at .dynsym again if .symtab not found
perf build-id: Add quirk to deal with perf.data file format breakage
perf session: Pass evsel in event_ops->sample()
perf: Better fit max unprivileged mlock pages for tools needs
perf_events: Fix stale ->cgrp pointer in update_cgrp_time_from_cpuctx()
perf top: Fix uninitialized 'counter' variable
tracing: Fix set_ftrace_filter probe function display
perf, x86: Fix Intel fixed counters base initialization
* 'irq-fixes-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/linux-2.6-tip:
genirq: Provide locked setter for chip, handler, name
genirq: Provide a lockdep helper
genirq; Remove the last leftovers of the old sparse irq code
* 'core-fixes-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/linux-2.6-tip:
futex: Fix WARN_ON() test for UP
WARN_ON_SMP(): Allow use in if() statements on UP
x86, dumpstack: Use %pB format specifier for stack trace
vsprintf: Introduce %pB format specifier
lockdep: Remove unused 'factor' variable from lockdep_stats_show()
It's better to use macro KDB_BASE_CMD_MAX instead of 50
Signed-off-by: Jovi Zhang <bookjovi@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Jason Wessel <jason.wessel@windriver.com>
Some archs want to print extra information for certain irq_chips which
is per irq and not per chip. Allow them to provide a chip callback to
print the chip name and the extra information.
PowerPC wants to print the LEVEL/EDGE type information. Make it configurable.
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
An update of the futex code had a
WARN_ON(!spin_is_locked(q->lock_ptr))
But on UP, spin_is_locked() is always false, and will
trigger this warning, and even worse, it will exit the function
without doing the necessary work.
Converting this to a WARN_ON_SMP() fixes the problem.
Reported-by: Richard Weinberger <richard@nod.at>
Tested-by: Richard Weinberger <richard@nod.at>
Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Acked-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Acked-by: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Acked-by: Darren Hart <dvhart@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Lai Jiangshan <laijs@cn.fujitsu.com>
LKML-Reference: <20110317192208.682654502@goodmis.org>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Percpu allocator honors alignment request upto PAGE_SIZE and both the
percpu addresses in the percpu address space and the translated kernel
addresses should be aligned accordingly. The calculation of the
former depends on the alignment of percpu output section in the kernel
image.
The linker script macros PERCPU_VADDR() and PERCPU() are used to
define this output section and the latter takes @align parameter.
Several architectures are using @align smaller than PAGE_SIZE breaking
percpu memory alignment.
This patch removes @align parameter from PERCPU(), renames it to
PERCPU_SECTION() and makes it always align to PAGE_SIZE. While at it,
add PCPU_SETUP_BUG_ON() checks such that alignment problems are
reliably detected and remove percpu alignment comment recently added
in workqueue.c as the condition would trigger BUG way before reaching
there.
For um, this patch raises the alignment of percpu area. As the area
is in .init, there shouldn't be any noticeable difference.
This problem was discovered by David Howells while debugging boot
failure on mn10300.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Mike Frysinger <vapier@gentoo.org>
Cc: uclinux-dist-devel@blackfin.uclinux.org
Cc: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
Cc: Jeff Dike <jdike@addtoit.com>
Cc: user-mode-linux-devel@lists.sourceforge.net
* 'for-2.6.39/core' of git://git.kernel.dk/linux-2.6-block: (65 commits)
Documentation/iostats.txt: bit-size reference etc.
cfq-iosched: removing unnecessary think time checking
cfq-iosched: Don't clear queue stats when preempt.
blk-throttle: Reset group slice when limits are changed
blk-cgroup: Only give unaccounted_time under debug
cfq-iosched: Don't set active queue in preempt
block: fix non-atomic access to genhd inflight structures
block: attempt to merge with existing requests on plug flush
block: NULL dereference on error path in __blkdev_get()
cfq-iosched: Don't update group weights when on service tree
fs: assign sb->s_bdi to default_backing_dev_info if the bdi is going away
block: Require subsystems to explicitly allocate bio_set integrity mempool
jbd2: finish conversion from WRITE_SYNC_PLUG to WRITE_SYNC and explicit plugging
jbd: finish conversion from WRITE_SYNC_PLUG to WRITE_SYNC and explicit plugging
fs: make fsync_buffers_list() plug
mm: make generic_writepages() use plugging
blk-cgroup: Add unaccounted time to timeslice_used.
block: fixup plugging stubs for !CONFIG_BLOCK
block: remove obsolete comments for blkdev_issue_zeroout.
blktrace: Use rq->cmd_flags directly in blk_add_trace_rq.
...
Fix up conflicts in fs/{aio.c,super.c}
* 'next' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/dhowells/linux-2.6-mn10300:
MN10300: gcc 4.6 vs am33 inline assembly
MN10300: Deprecate gdbstub
MN10300: Allow KGDB to use the MN10300 serial ports
MN10300: Emulate single stepping in KGDB on MN10300
MN10300: Generalise kernel debugger kernel halt, reboot or power off hook
KGDB: Notify GDB of machine halt, reboot or power off
MN10300: Use KGDB
MN10300: Create generic kernel debugger hooks
MN10300: Create general kernel debugger cache flushing
MN10300: Introduce a general config option for kernel debugger hooks
MN10300: The icache invalidate functions should disable the icache first
MN10300: gdbstub: Restrict single-stepping to non-preemptable non-SMP configs
The %pB format specifier is for stack backtrace. Its handler
sprint_backtrace() does symbol lookup using (address-1) to
ensure the address will not point outside of the function.
If there is a tail-call to the function marked "noreturn",
gcc optimized out the code after the call then causes saved
return address points outside of the function (i.e. the start
of the next function), so pollutes call trace somewhat.
This patch adds the %pB printk mechanism that allows architecture
call-trace printout functions to improve backtrace printouts.
Signed-off-by: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Acked-by: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: linux-arch@vger.kernel.org
LKML-Reference: <1300934550-21394-1-git-send-email-namhyung@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
* 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/viro/vfs-2.6:
deal with races in /proc/*/{syscall,stack,personality}
proc: enable writing to /proc/pid/mem
proc: make check_mem_permission() return an mm_struct on success
proc: hold cred_guard_mutex in check_mem_permission()
proc: disable mem_write after exec
mm: implement access_remote_vm
mm: factor out main logic of access_process_vm
mm: use mm_struct to resolve gate vma's in __get_user_pages
mm: arch: rename in_gate_area_no_task to in_gate_area_no_mm
mm: arch: make in_gate_area take an mm_struct instead of a task_struct
mm: arch: make get_gate_vma take an mm_struct instead of a task_struct
x86: mark associated mm when running a task in 32 bit compatibility mode
x86: add context tag to mark mm when running a task in 32-bit compatibility mode
auxv: require the target to be tracable (or yourself)
close race in /proc/*/environ
report errors in /proc/*/*map* sanely
pagemap: close races with suid execve
make sessionid permissions in /proc/*/task/* match those in /proc/*
fix leaks in path_lookupat()
Fix up trivial conflicts in fs/proc/base.c
The Xen PV drivers in a crashed HVM guest can not connect to the dom0
backend drivers because both frontend and backend drivers are still in
connected state. To run the connection reset function only in case of a
crashdump, the is_kdump_kernel() function needs to be available for the PV
driver modules.
Consolidate elfcorehdr_addr, setup_elfcorehdr and saved_max_pfn into
kernel/crash_dump.c Also export elfcorehdr_addr to make is_kdump_kernel()
usable for modules.
Leave 'elfcorehdr' as early_param(). This changes powerpc from __setup()
to early_param(). It adds an address range check from x86 also on ia64
and powerpc.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: additional #includes]
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: remove elfcorehdr_addr export]
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix for Tejun's mm/nobootmem.c changes]
Signed-off-by: Olaf Hering <olaf@aepfle.de>
Cc: Russell King <rmk@arm.linux.org.uk>
Cc: "Luck, Tony" <tony.luck@intel.com>
Cc: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org>
Cc: Paul Mundt <lethal@linux-sh.org>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@zytor.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
printk()s without a priority level default to KERN_WARNING. To reduce
noise at KERN_WARNING, this patch set the priority level appriopriately
for unleveled printks()s. This should be useful to folks that look at
dmesg warnings closely.
Signed-off-by: Mandeep Singh Baines <msb@chromium.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
CAP_IPC_OWNER and CAP_IPC_LOCK can be checked against current_user_ns(),
because the resource comes from current's own ipc namespace.
setuid/setgid are to uids in own namespace, so again checks can be against
current_user_ns().
Changelog:
Jan 11: Use task_ns_capable() in place of sched_capable().
Jan 11: Use nsown_capable() as suggested by Bastian Blank.
Jan 11: Clarify (hopefully) some logic in futex and sched.c
Feb 15: use ns_capable for ipc, not nsown_capable
Feb 23: let copy_ipcs handle setting ipc_ns->user_ns
Feb 23: pass ns down rather than taking it from current
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: coding-style fixes]
Signed-off-by: Serge E. Hallyn <serge.hallyn@canonical.com>
Acked-by: "Eric W. Biederman" <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Acked-by: Daniel Lezcano <daniel.lezcano@free.fr>
Acked-by: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
Cc: James Morris <jmorris@namei.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Changelog:
Feb 15: Don't set new ipc->user_ns if we didn't create a new
ipc_ns.
Feb 23: Move extern declaration to ipc_namespace.h, and group
fwd declarations at top.
Signed-off-by: Serge E. Hallyn <serge.hallyn@canonical.com>
Acked-by: "Eric W. Biederman" <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Acked-by: Daniel Lezcano <daniel.lezcano@free.fr>
Acked-by: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
Cc: James Morris <jmorris@namei.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
This allows setuid/setgid in containers. It also fixes some corner cases
where kernel logic foregoes capability checks when uids are equivalent.
The latter will need to be done throughout the whole kernel.
Changelog:
Jan 11: Use nsown_capable() as suggested by Bastian Blank.
Jan 11: Fix logic errors in uid checks pointed out by Bastian.
Feb 15: allow prlimit to current (was regression in previous version)
Feb 23: remove debugging printks, uninline set_one_prio_perm and
make it bool, and document its return value.
Signed-off-by: Serge E. Hallyn <serge.hallyn@canonical.com>
Acked-by: "Eric W. Biederman" <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Acked-by: Daniel Lezcano <daniel.lezcano@free.fr>
Acked-by: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
Cc: James Morris <jmorris@namei.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
So we can let type safety keep things sane, and as a bonus we can remove
the declaration of init_user_ns in capability.h.
Signed-off-by: Serge E. Hallyn <serge.hallyn@canonical.com>
Cc: "Eric W. Biederman" <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Cc: Daniel Lezcano <daniel.lezcano@free.fr>
Cc: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
Cc: James Morris <jmorris@namei.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
ptrace is allowed to tasks in the same user namespace according to the
usual rules (i.e. the same rules as for two tasks in the init user
namespace). ptrace is also allowed to a user namespace to which the
current task the has CAP_SYS_PTRACE capability.
Changelog:
Dec 31: Address feedback by Eric:
. Correct ptrace uid check
. Rename may_ptrace_ns to ptrace_capable
. Also fix the cap_ptrace checks.
Jan 1: Use const cred struct
Jan 11: use task_ns_capable() in place of ptrace_capable().
Feb 23: same_or_ancestore_user_ns() was not an appropriate
check to constrain cap_issubset. Rather, cap_issubset()
only is meaningful when both capsets are in the same
user_ns.
Signed-off-by: Serge E. Hallyn <serge.hallyn@canonical.com>
Cc: "Eric W. Biederman" <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Acked-by: Daniel Lezcano <daniel.lezcano@free.fr>
Acked-by: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
Cc: James Morris <jmorris@namei.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Changelog:
Dec 8: Fixed bug in my check_kill_permission pointed out by
Eric Biederman.
Dec 13: Apply Eric's suggestion to pass target task into kill_ok_by_cred()
for clarity
Dec 31: address comment by Eric Biederman:
don't need cred/tcred in check_kill_permission.
Jan 1: use const cred struct.
Jan 11: Per Bastian Blank's advice, clean up kill_ok_by_cred().
Feb 16: kill_ok_by_cred: fix bad parentheses
Feb 23: per akpm, let compiler inline kill_ok_by_cred
Signed-off-by: Serge E. Hallyn <serge.hallyn@canonical.com>
Acked-by: "Eric W. Biederman" <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Acked-by: Daniel Lezcano <daniel.lezcano@free.fr>
Acked-by: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
Cc: James Morris <jmorris@namei.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Changelog:
Feb 23: let clone_uts_ns() handle setting uts->user_ns
To do so we need to pass in the task_struct who'll
get the utsname, so we can get its user_ns.
Feb 23: As per Oleg's coment, just pass in tsk, instead of two
of its members.
Signed-off-by: Serge E. Hallyn <serge.hallyn@canonical.com>
Acked-by: "Eric W. Biederman" <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Acked-by: Daniel Lezcano <daniel.lezcano@free.fr>
Acked-by: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
Cc: James Morris <jmorris@namei.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
- Introduce ns_capable to test for a capability in a non-default
user namespace.
- Teach cap_capable to handle capabilities in a non-default
user namespace.
The motivation is to get to the unprivileged creation of new
namespaces. It looks like this gets us 90% of the way there, with
only potential uid confusion issues left.
I still need to handle getting all caps after creation but otherwise I
think I have a good starter patch that achieves all of your goals.
Changelog:
11/05/2010: [serge] add apparmor
12/14/2010: [serge] fix capabilities to created user namespaces
Without this, if user serge creates a user_ns, he won't have
capabilities to the user_ns he created. THis is because we
were first checking whether his effective caps had the caps
he needed and returning -EPERM if not, and THEN checking whether
he was the creator. Reverse those checks.
12/16/2010: [serge] security_real_capable needs ns argument in !security case
01/11/2011: [serge] add task_ns_capable helper
01/11/2011: [serge] add nsown_capable() helper per Bastian Blank suggestion
02/16/2011: [serge] fix a logic bug: the root user is always creator of
init_user_ns, but should not always have capabilities to
it! Fix the check in cap_capable().
02/21/2011: Add the required user_ns parameter to security_capable,
fixing a compile failure.
02/23/2011: Convert some macros to functions as per akpm comments. Some
couldn't be converted because we can't easily forward-declare
them (they are inline if !SECURITY, extern if SECURITY). Add
a current_user_ns function so we can use it in capability.h
without #including cred.h. Move all forward declarations
together to the top of the #ifdef __KERNEL__ section, and use
kernel-doc format.
02/23/2011: Per dhowells, clean up comment in cap_capable().
02/23/2011: Per akpm, remove unreachable 'return -EPERM' in cap_capable.
(Original written and signed off by Eric; latest, modified version
acked by him)
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix build]
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: export current_user_ns() for ecryptfs]
[serge.hallyn@canonical.com: remove unneeded extra argument in selinux's task_has_capability]
Signed-off-by: Eric W. Biederman <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Signed-off-by: Serge E. Hallyn <serge.hallyn@canonical.com>
Acked-by: "Eric W. Biederman" <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Acked-by: Daniel Lezcano <daniel.lezcano@free.fr>
Acked-by: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
Cc: James Morris <jmorris@namei.org>
Signed-off-by: Serge E. Hallyn <serge.hallyn@canonical.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The expected course of development for user namespaces targeted
capabilities is laid out at https://wiki.ubuntu.com/UserNamespace.
Goals:
- Make it safe for an unprivileged user to unshare namespaces. They
will be privileged with respect to the new namespace, but this should
only include resources which the unprivileged user already owns.
- Provide separate limits and accounting for userids in different
namespaces.
Status:
Currently (as of 2.6.38) you can clone with the CLONE_NEWUSER flag to
get a new user namespace if you have the CAP_SYS_ADMIN, CAP_SETUID, and
CAP_SETGID capabilities. What this gets you is a whole new set of
userids, meaning that user 500 will have a different 'struct user' in
your namespace than in other namespaces. So any accounting information
stored in struct user will be unique to your namespace.
However, throughout the kernel there are checks which
- simply check for a capability. Since root in a child namespace
has all capabilities, this means that a child namespace is not
constrained.
- simply compare uid1 == uid2. Since these are the integer uids,
uid 500 in namespace 1 will be said to be equal to uid 500 in
namespace 2.
As a result, the lxc implementation at lxc.sf.net does not use user
namespaces. This is actually helpful because it leaves us free to
develop user namespaces in such a way that, for some time, user
namespaces may be unuseful.
Bugs aside, this patchset is supposed to not at all affect systems which
are not actively using user namespaces, and only restrict what tasks in
child user namespace can do. They begin to limit privilege to a user
namespace, so that root in a container cannot kill or ptrace tasks in the
parent user namespace, and can only get world access rights to files.
Since all files currently belong to the initila user namespace, that means
that child user namespaces can only get world access rights to *all*
files. While this temporarily makes user namespaces bad for system
containers, it starts to get useful for some sandboxing.
I've run the 'runltplite.sh' with and without this patchset and found no
difference.
This patch:
copy_process() handles CLONE_NEWUSER before the rest of the namespaces.
So in the case of clone(CLONE_NEWUSER|CLONE_NEWUTS) the new uts namespace
will have the new user namespace as its owner. That is what we want,
since we want root in that new userns to be able to have privilege over
it.
Changelog:
Feb 15: don't set uts_ns->user_ns if we didn't create
a new uts_ns.
Feb 23: Move extern init_user_ns declaration from
init/version.c to utsname.h.
Signed-off-by: Serge E. Hallyn <serge.hallyn@canonical.com>
Acked-by: "Eric W. Biederman" <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Acked-by: Daniel Lezcano <daniel.lezcano@free.fr>
Acked-by: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
Cc: James Morris <jmorris@namei.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Reorganize proc_get_sb() so it can be called before the struct pid of the
first process is allocated.
Signed-off-by: Eric W. Biederman <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Signed-off-by: Daniel Lezcano <daniel.lezcano@free.fr>
Cc: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
Cc: Alexey Dobriyan <adobriyan@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Serge E. Hallyn <serge@hallyn.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
This patchset is a cleanup and a preparation to unshare the pid namespace.
These prerequisites prepare for Eric's patchset to give a file descriptor
to a namespace and join an existing namespace.
This patch:
It turns out that the existing assignment in copy_process of the
child_reaper can handle the initial assignment of child_reaper we just
need to generalize the test in kernel/fork.c
Signed-off-by: Eric W. Biederman <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Signed-off-by: Daniel Lezcano <daniel.lezcano@free.fr>
Cc: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
Cc: Alexey Dobriyan <adobriyan@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Serge E. Hallyn <serge@hallyn.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
When dmesg_restrict is set to 1 CAP_SYS_ADMIN is needed to read the kernel
ring buffer. But a root user without CAP_SYS_ADMIN is able to reset
dmesg_restrict to 0.
This is an issue when e.g. LXC (Linux Containers) are used and complete
user space is running without CAP_SYS_ADMIN. A unprivileged and jailed
root user can bypass the dmesg_restrict protection.
With this patch writing to dmesg_restrict is only allowed when root has
CAP_SYS_ADMIN.
Signed-off-by: Richard Weinberger <richard@nod.at>
Acked-by: Dan Rosenberg <drosenberg@vsecurity.com>
Acked-by: Serge E. Hallyn <serge@hallyn.com>
Cc: Eric Paris <eparis@redhat.com>
Cc: Kees Cook <kees.cook@canonical.com>
Cc: James Morris <jmorris@namei.org>
Cc: Eugene Teo <eugeneteo@kernel.org>
Cc: <stable@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Drop dead code.
Signed-off-by: Denis Kirjanov <dkirjanov@kernel.org>
Cc: "Eric W. Biederman" <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Since the for loop checks for the table->procname drop useless
table->procname checks inside the loop body
Signed-off-by: Denis Kirjanov <dkirjanov@kernel.org>
Cc: "Eric W. Biederman" <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Chaning cpuset->mems/cpuset->cpus should be protected under
callback_mutex.
cpuset_clone() doesn't follow this rule. It's ok because it's
called when creating and initializing a cgroup, but we'd better
hold the lock to avoid subtil break in the future.
Signed-off-by: Li Zefan <lizf@cn.fujitsu.com>
Acked-by: Paul Menage <menage@google.com>
Acked-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Miao Xie <miaox@cn.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Those functions that use NODEMASK_ALLOC() can't propagate errno
to users, but will fail silently.
Fix it by using a static nodemask_t variable for each function, and
those variables are protected by cgroup_mutex;
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix comment spelling, strengthen cgroup_lock comment]
Signed-off-by: Li Zefan <lizf@cn.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Paul Menage <menage@google.com>
Acked-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Miao Xie <miaox@cn.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
oldcs->mems_allowed is not modified during cpuset_attach(), so we don't
have to copy it to a buffer allocated by NODEMASK_ALLOC(). Just pass it
to cpuset_migrate_mm().
Signed-off-by: Li Zefan <lizf@cn.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Paul Menage <menage@google.com>
Acked-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Miao Xie <miaox@cn.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
It's not necessary to copy cpuset->mems_allowed to a buffer allocated by
NODEMASK_ALLOC(). Just pass it to nodelist_scnprintf().
As spotted by Paul, a side effect is we fix a bug that the function can
return -ENOMEM but the caller doesn't expect negative return value.
Therefore change the return value of cpuset_sprintf_cpulist() and
cpuset_sprintf_memlist() from int to size_t.
Signed-off-by: Li Zefan <lizf@cn.fujitsu.com>
Acked-by: Paul Menage <menage@google.com>
Acked-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Miao Xie <miaox@cn.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
In struct page_cgroup, we have a full word for flags but only a few are
reserved. Use the remaining upper bits to encode, depending on
configuration, the node or the section, to enable page_cgroup-to-page
lookups without a direct pointer.
This saves a full word for every page in a system with memory cgroups
enabled.
Signed-off-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Acked-by: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Daisuke Nishimura <nishimura@mxp.nes.nec.co.jp>
Cc: Balbir Singh <balbir@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan.kim@gmail.com>
Cc: Randy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The timekeeping subsystem uses a sysdev class and a sysdev for
executing timekeeping_suspend() after interrupts have been turned off
on the boot CPU (during system suspend) and for executing
timekeeping_resume() before turning on interrupts on the boot CPU
(during system resume). However, since both of these functions
ignore their arguments, the entire mechanism may be replaced with a
struct syscore_ops object which is simpler.
Signed-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rjw@sisk.pl>
Reviewed-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Now that gate vma's are referenced with respect to a particular mm and not a
particular task it only makes sense to propagate the change to this predicate as
well.
Signed-off-by: Stephen Wilson <wilsons@start.ca>
Reviewed-by: Michel Lespinasse <walken@google.com>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com>
Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@zytor.com>
Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
The maximum kilobytes of locked memory that an unprivileged user
can reserve is of 512 kB = 128 pages by default, scaled to the
number of onlined CPUs, which fits well with the tools that use
128 data pages by default.
However tools actually use 129 pages, because they need one more
for the user control page. Thus the default mlock threshold is
not sufficient for the default tools needs and we always end up
to evaluate the constant mlock rlimit policy, which doesn't have
this scaling with the number of online CPUs.
Hence, on systems that have more than 16 CPUs, we overlap the
rlimit threshold and fail to mmap:
$ perf record ls
Error: failed to mmap with 1 (Operation not permitted)
Just increase the max unprivileged mlock threshold by one page
so that it supports well perf tools even after 16 CPUs.
Reported-by: Han Pingtian <phan@redhat.com>
Reported-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Reported-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
Cc: Stephane Eranian <eranian@google.com>
Cc: Stable <stable@kernel.org>
LKML-Reference: <1300904979-5508-1-git-send-email-fweisbec@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
This patch solves a stale pointer problem in
update_cgrp_time_from_cpuctx(). The cpuctx->cgrp
was not cleared on all possible event exit paths,
including:
close()
perf_release()
perf_release_kernel()
list_del_event()
This patch fixes list_del_event() to clear cpuctx->cgrp
when there are no cgroup events left in the context.
[ This second version makes the code compile when
CONFIG_CGROUP_PERF is not enabled. We unconditionally define
perf_cpu_context->cgrp. ]
Signed-off-by: Stephane Eranian <eranian@google.com>
Cc: peterz@infradead.org
Cc: perfmon2-devel@lists.sf.net
Cc: paulus@samba.org
Cc: davem@davemloft.net
LKML-Reference: <20110323150306.GA1580@quad>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Correct ->dequeue_tree() thinko into sched_class->dequeue_task
and drop all references to ->task_new() since it is obviously
gone.
Signed-off-by: Borislav Petkov <borislav.petkov@amd.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Cc: Mike Galbraith <efault@gmx.de>
LKML-Reference: <1300815978-16618-1-git-send-email-bp@amd64.org>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Just as group_exit_code shouldn't be generated when a PTRACE_CONT'd
task re-enters job control stop, notifiction for the event should be
suppressed too. The logic is the same as the group_exit_code
generation suppression in do_signal_stop(), if SIGNAL_STOP_STOPPED is
already set, the task is re-entering job control stop without
intervening SIGCONT and the notifications should be suppressed.
Test case follows.
#include <stdio.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <signal.h>
#include <time.h>
#include <sys/ptrace.h>
#include <sys/wait.h>
static const struct timespec ts100ms = { .tv_nsec = 100000000 };
static pid_t tracee, tracer;
static const char *pid_who(pid_t pid)
{
return pid == tracee ? "tracee" : (pid == tracer ? "tracer" : "mommy ");
}
static void sigchld_sigaction(int signo, siginfo_t *si, void *ucxt)
{
printf("%s: SIG status=%02d code=%02d (%s)\n",
pid_who(getpid()), si->si_status, si->si_code,
pid_who(si->si_pid));
}
int main(void)
{
const struct sigaction chld_sa = { .sa_sigaction = sigchld_sigaction,
.sa_flags = SA_SIGINFO|SA_RESTART };
siginfo_t si;
sigaction(SIGCHLD, &chld_sa, NULL);
tracee = fork();
if (!tracee) {
tracee = getpid();
while (1)
pause();
}
kill(tracee, SIGSTOP);
waitid(P_PID, tracee, &si, WSTOPPED);
tracer = fork();
if (!tracer) {
tracer = getpid();
ptrace(PTRACE_ATTACH, tracee, NULL, NULL);
waitid(P_PID, tracee, &si, WSTOPPED);
ptrace(PTRACE_CONT, tracee, NULL, (void *)(long)si.si_status);
waitid(P_PID, tracee, &si, WSTOPPED);
ptrace(PTRACE_CONT, tracee, NULL, (void *)(long)si.si_status);
waitid(P_PID, tracee, &si, WSTOPPED);
printf("tracer: detaching\n");
ptrace(PTRACE_DETACH, tracee, NULL, NULL);
return 0;
}
while (1)
pause();
return 0;
}
Before the patch, the parent gets the second notification for the
tracee after the tracer detaches. si_status is zero because
group_exit_code is not set by the group stop completion which
triggered this notification.
mommy : SIG status=19 code=05 (tracee)
tracer: SIG status=00 code=05 (tracee)
tracer: SIG status=19 code=04 (tracee)
tracer: SIG status=00 code=05 (tracee)
tracer: detaching
mommy : SIG status=00 code=05 (tracee)
mommy : SIG status=00 code=01 (tracer)
^C
After the patch, the duplicate notification is gone.
mommy : SIG status=19 code=05 (tracee)
tracer: SIG status=00 code=05 (tracee)
tracer: SIG status=19 code=04 (tracee)
tracer: SIG status=00 code=05 (tracee)
tracer: detaching
mommy : SIG status=00 code=01 (tracer)
^C
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
With recent changes, job control and ptrace stopped states are
properly separated and accessible to the real parent and the ptracer
respectively; however, notifications of job control stopped/continued
events to the real parent while ptraced are still missing.
A ptracee participates in group stop in ptrace_stop() but the
completion isn't notified. If participation results in completion of
group stop, notify the real parent of the event. The ptrace and group
stops are separate and can be handled as such.
However, when the real parent and the ptracer are in the same thread
group, only the ptrace stop event is visible through wait(2) and the
duplicate notifications are different from the current behavior and
are confusing. Suppress group stop notification in such cases.
The continued state is shared between the real parent and the ptracer
but is only meaningful to the real parent. Always notify the real
parent and notify the ptracer too for backward compatibility. Similar
to stop notification, if the real parent is the ptracer, suppress a
duplicate notification.
Test case follows.
#include <stdio.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <time.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/ptrace.h>
#include <sys/wait.h>
int main(void)
{
const struct timespec ts100ms = { .tv_nsec = 100000000 };
pid_t tracee, tracer;
siginfo_t si;
int i;
tracee = fork();
if (tracee == 0) {
while (1) {
printf("tracee: SIGSTOP\n");
raise(SIGSTOP);
nanosleep(&ts100ms, NULL);
printf("tracee: SIGCONT\n");
raise(SIGCONT);
nanosleep(&ts100ms, NULL);
}
}
waitid(P_PID, tracee, &si, WSTOPPED | WNOHANG | WNOWAIT);
tracer = fork();
if (tracer == 0) {
nanosleep(&ts100ms, NULL);
ptrace(PTRACE_ATTACH, tracee, NULL, NULL);
for (i = 0; i < 11; i++) {
si.si_pid = 0;
waitid(P_PID, tracee, &si, WSTOPPED);
if (si.si_pid && si.si_code == CLD_TRAPPED)
ptrace(PTRACE_CONT, tracee, NULL,
(void *)(long)si.si_status);
}
printf("tracer: EXITING\n");
return 0;
}
while (1) {
si.si_pid = 0;
waitid(P_PID, tracee, &si, WSTOPPED | WCONTINUED | WEXITED);
if (si.si_pid)
printf("mommy : WAIT status=%02d code=%02d\n",
si.si_status, si.si_code);
}
return 0;
}
Before this patch, while ptraced, the real parent doesn't get
notifications for job control events, so although it can access those
events, the later waitid(2) call never wakes up.
tracee: SIGSTOP
mommy : WAIT status=19 code=05
tracee: SIGCONT
tracee: SIGSTOP
tracee: SIGCONT
tracee: SIGSTOP
tracee: SIGCONT
tracee: SIGSTOP
tracer: EXITING
mommy : WAIT status=19 code=05
^C
After this patch, it works as expected.
tracee: SIGSTOP
mommy : WAIT status=19 code=05
tracee: SIGCONT
mommy : WAIT status=18 code=06
tracee: SIGSTOP
mommy : WAIT status=19 code=05
tracee: SIGCONT
mommy : WAIT status=18 code=06
tracee: SIGSTOP
mommy : WAIT status=19 code=05
tracee: SIGCONT
mommy : WAIT status=18 code=06
tracee: SIGSTOP
tracer: EXITING
mommy : WAIT status=19 code=05
^C
-v2: Oleg pointed out that
* Group stop notification to the real parent should also happen
when ptracer detach races with ptrace_stop().
* real_parent_is_ptracer() should be testing thread group
equality not the task itself as wait(2) and stop/cont
notifications are normally thread-group wide.
Both issues are fixed accordingly.
-v3: real_parent_is_ptracer() updated to test child->real_parent
instead of child->group_leader->real_parent per Oleg's
suggestion.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
The stopped notifications in do_signal_stop() and exit_signals() are
always for the completion of job control. The one in do_signal_stop()
may be delivered to the ptracer if PTRACE_ATTACH races with
notification and the one in exit_signals() if task exits while
ptraced.
In both cases, the notifications are meaningless and confusing to the
ptracer as it never accesses the group stop state while the real
parent would miss notifications for the events it is watching.
Make sure these notifications always go to the real parent by calling
do_notify_parent_cld_stop() with %false @for_ptrace.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
Currently, do_notify_parent_cldstop() determines whether the
notification is for the real parent or ptracer. Move the decision to
the caller by adding @for_ptrace parameter to
do_notify_parent_cldstop(). All the callers are updated to pass
task_ptrace(target_task), so this patch doesn't cause any behavior
difference.
While at it, add function comment to do_notify_parent_cldstop().
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
Currently a real parent can't access job control stopped/continued
events through a ptraced child. This utterly breaks job control when
the children are ptraced.
For example, if a program is run from an interactive shell and then
strace(1) attaches to it, pressing ^Z would send SIGTSTP and strace(1)
would notice it but the shell has no way to tell whether the child
entered job control stop and thus can't tell when to take over the
terminal - leading to awkward lone ^Z on the terminal.
Because the job control and ptrace stopped states are independent,
there is no reason to prevent real parents from accessing the stopped
state regardless of ptrace. The continued state isn't separate but
ptracers don't have any use for them as ptracees can never resume
without explicit command from their ptracers, so as long as ptracers
don't consume it, it should be fine.
Although this is a behavior change, because the previous behavior is
utterly broken when viewed from real parents and the change is only
visible to real parents, I don't think it's necessary to make this
behavior optional.
One situation to be careful about is when a task from the real
parent's group is ptracing. The parent group is the recipient of both
ptrace and job control stop events and one stop can be reported as
both job control and ptrace stops. As this can break the current
ptrace users, suppress job control stopped events for these cases.
If a real parent ptracer wants to know about both job control and
ptrace stops, it can create a separate process to serve the role of
real parent.
Note that this only updates wait(2) side of things. The real parent
can access the states via wait(2) but still is not properly notified
(woken up and delivered signal). Test case polls wait(2) with WNOHANG
to work around. Notification will be updated by future patches.
Test case follows.
#include <stdio.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <time.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/ptrace.h>
#include <sys/wait.h>
int main(void)
{
const struct timespec ts100ms = { .tv_nsec = 100000000 };
pid_t tracee, tracer;
siginfo_t si;
int i;
tracee = fork();
if (tracee == 0) {
while (1) {
printf("tracee: SIGSTOP\n");
raise(SIGSTOP);
nanosleep(&ts100ms, NULL);
printf("tracee: SIGCONT\n");
raise(SIGCONT);
nanosleep(&ts100ms, NULL);
}
}
waitid(P_PID, tracee, &si, WSTOPPED | WNOHANG | WNOWAIT);
tracer = fork();
if (tracer == 0) {
nanosleep(&ts100ms, NULL);
ptrace(PTRACE_ATTACH, tracee, NULL, NULL);
for (i = 0; i < 11; i++) {
si.si_pid = 0;
waitid(P_PID, tracee, &si, WSTOPPED);
if (si.si_pid && si.si_code == CLD_TRAPPED)
ptrace(PTRACE_CONT, tracee, NULL,
(void *)(long)si.si_status);
}
printf("tracer: EXITING\n");
return 0;
}
while (1) {
si.si_pid = 0;
waitid(P_PID, tracee, &si,
WSTOPPED | WCONTINUED | WEXITED | WNOHANG);
if (si.si_pid)
printf("mommy : WAIT status=%02d code=%02d\n",
si.si_status, si.si_code);
nanosleep(&ts100ms, NULL);
}
return 0;
}
Before the patch, while ptraced, the parent can't see any job control
events.
tracee: SIGSTOP
mommy : WAIT status=19 code=05
tracee: SIGCONT
tracee: SIGSTOP
tracee: SIGCONT
tracee: SIGSTOP
tracee: SIGCONT
tracee: SIGSTOP
tracer: EXITING
mommy : WAIT status=19 code=05
^C
After the patch,
tracee: SIGSTOP
mommy : WAIT status=19 code=05
tracee: SIGCONT
mommy : WAIT status=18 code=06
tracee: SIGSTOP
mommy : WAIT status=19 code=05
tracee: SIGCONT
mommy : WAIT status=18 code=06
tracee: SIGSTOP
mommy : WAIT status=19 code=05
tracee: SIGCONT
mommy : WAIT status=18 code=06
tracee: SIGSTOP
tracer: EXITING
mommy : WAIT status=19 code=05
^C
-v2: Oleg pointed out that wait(2) should be suppressed for the real
parent's group instead of only the real parent task itself.
Updated accordingly.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
wait(2) and friends allow access to stopped/continued states through
zombies, which is required as the states are process-wide and should
be accessible whether the leader task is alive or undead.
wait_consider_task() implements this by always clearing notask_error
and going through wait_task_stopped/continued() for unreaped zombies.
However, while ptraced, the stopped state is per-task and as such if
the ptracee became a zombie, there's no further stopped event to
listen to and wait(2) and friends should return -ECHILD on the tracee.
Fix it by clearing notask_error only if WCONTINUED | WEXITED is set
for ptraced zombies. While at it, document why clearing notask_error
is safe for each case.
Test case follows.
#include <stdio.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <pthread.h>
#include <time.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/ptrace.h>
#include <sys/wait.h>
static void *nooper(void *arg)
{
pause();
return NULL;
}
int main(void)
{
const struct timespec ts1s = { .tv_sec = 1 };
pid_t tracee, tracer;
siginfo_t si;
tracee = fork();
if (tracee == 0) {
pthread_t thr;
pthread_create(&thr, NULL, nooper, NULL);
nanosleep(&ts1s, NULL);
printf("tracee exiting\n");
pthread_exit(NULL); /* let subthread run */
}
tracer = fork();
if (tracer == 0) {
ptrace(PTRACE_ATTACH, tracee, NULL, NULL);
while (1) {
if (waitid(P_PID, tracee, &si, WSTOPPED) < 0) {
perror("waitid");
break;
}
ptrace(PTRACE_CONT, tracee, NULL,
(void *)(long)si.si_status);
}
return 0;
}
waitid(P_PID, tracer, &si, WEXITED);
kill(tracee, SIGKILL);
return 0;
}
Before the patch, after the tracee becomes a zombie, the tracer's
waitid(WSTOPPED) never returns and the program doesn't terminate.
tracee exiting
^C
After the patch, tracee exiting triggers waitid() to fail.
tracee exiting
waitid: No child processes
-v2: Oleg pointed out that exited in addition to continued can happen
for ptraced dead group leader. Clear notask_error for ptraced
child on WEXITED too.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
Move EXIT_DEAD test in wait_consider_task() above ptrace check. As
ptraced tasks can't be EXIT_DEAD, this change doesn't cause any
behavior change. This is to prepare for further changes.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
While ptraced, a task may be resumed while the containing process is
still job control stopped. If the task receives another stop signal
in this state, it will still initiate group stop, which generates
group_exit_code, which the real parent would be able to see once the
ptracer detaches.
In this scenario, the real parent may see two consecutive CLD_STOPPED
events from two stop signals without intervening SIGCONT, which
normally is impossible.
Test case follows.
#include <stdio.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/ptrace.h>
#include <sys/wait.h>
int main(void)
{
pid_t tracee;
siginfo_t si;
tracee = fork();
if (!tracee)
while (1)
pause();
kill(tracee, SIGSTOP);
waitid(P_PID, tracee, &si, WSTOPPED);
if (!fork()) {
ptrace(PTRACE_ATTACH, tracee, NULL, NULL);
waitid(P_PID, tracee, &si, WSTOPPED);
ptrace(PTRACE_CONT, tracee, NULL, (void *)(long)si.si_status);
waitid(P_PID, tracee, &si, WSTOPPED);
ptrace(PTRACE_CONT, tracee, NULL, (void *)(long)si.si_status);
waitid(P_PID, tracee, &si, WSTOPPED);
ptrace(PTRACE_DETACH, tracee, NULL, NULL);
return 0;
}
while (1) {
si.si_pid = 0;
waitid(P_PID, tracee, &si, WSTOPPED | WNOHANG);
if (si.si_pid)
printf("st=%02d c=%02d\n", si.si_status, si.si_code);
}
return 0;
}
Before the patch, the latter waitid() in polling mode reports the
second stopped event generated by the implied SIGSTOP of
PTRACE_ATTACH.
st=19 c=05
^C
After the patch, the second event is not reported.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
Currently, __ptrace_unlink() wakes up the tracee iff it's in
TASK_TRACED. For unlinking from PTRACE_DETACH, this is correct as the
tracee is guaranteed to be in TASK_TRACED or dead; however, unlinking
also happens when the ptracer exits and in this case the ptracee can
be in any state and ptrace might be left running even if the group it
belongs to is stopped.
This patch updates __ptrace_unlink() such that GROUP_STOP_PENDING is
reinstated regardless of the ptracee's current state as long as it's
alive and makes sure that signal_wake_up() is called if execution
state transition is necessary.
Test case follows.
#include <unistd.h>
#include <time.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/ptrace.h>
#include <sys/wait.h>
static const struct timespec ts1s = { .tv_sec = 1 };
int main(void)
{
pid_t tracee;
siginfo_t si;
tracee = fork();
if (tracee == 0) {
while (1) {
nanosleep(&ts1s, NULL);
write(1, ".", 1);
}
}
ptrace(PTRACE_ATTACH, tracee, NULL, NULL);
waitid(P_PID, tracee, &si, WSTOPPED);
ptrace(PTRACE_CONT, tracee, NULL, (void *)(long)si.si_status);
waitid(P_PID, tracee, &si, WSTOPPED);
ptrace(PTRACE_CONT, tracee, NULL, (void *)(long)si.si_status);
write(1, "exiting", 7);
return 0;
}
Before the patch, after the parent process exits, the child is left
running and prints out "." every second.
exiting..... (continues)
After the patch, the group stop initiated by the implied SIGSTOP from
PTRACE_ATTACH is re-established when the parent exits.
exiting
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Reported-by: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
Remove the extra task_is_traced() check in __ptrace_unlink() and
collapse ptrace_untrace() into __ptrace_unlink(). This is to prepare
for further changes.
While at it, drop the comment on top of ptrace_untrace() and convert
__ptrace_unlink() comment to docbook format. Detailed comment will be
added by the next patch.
This patch doesn't cause any visible behavior changes.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
Currently, if the task is STOPPED on ptrace attach, it's left alone
and the state is silently changed to TRACED on the next ptrace call.
The behavior breaks the assumption that arch_ptrace_stop() is called
before any task is poked by ptrace and is ugly in that a task
manipulates the state of another task directly.
With GROUP_STOP_PENDING, the transitions between TASK_STOPPED and
TRACED can be made clean. The tracer can use the flag to tell the
tracee to retry stop on attach and detach. On retry, the tracee will
enter the desired state in the correct way. The lower 16bits of
task->group_stop is used to remember the signal number which caused
the last group stop. This is used while retrying for ptrace attach as
the original group_exit_code could have been consumed with wait(2) by
then.
As the real parent may wait(2) and consume the group_exit_code
anytime, the group_exit_code needs to be saved separately so that it
can be used when switching from regular sleep to ptrace_stop(). This
is recorded in the lower 16bits of task->group_stop.
If a task is already stopped and there's no intervening SIGCONT, a
ptrace request immediately following a successful PTRACE_ATTACH should
always succeed even if the tracer doesn't wait(2) for attach
completion; however, with this change, the tracee might still be
TASK_RUNNING trying to enter TASK_TRACED which would cause the
following request to fail with -ESRCH.
This intermediate state is hidden from the ptracer by setting
GROUP_STOP_TRAPPING on attach and making ptrace_check_attach() wait
for it to clear on its signal->wait_chldexit. Completing the
transition or getting killed clears TRAPPING and wakes up the tracer.
Note that the STOPPED -> RUNNING -> TRACED transition is still visible
to other threads which are in the same group as the ptracer and the
reverse transition is visible to all. Please read the comments for
details.
Oleg:
* Spotted a race condition where a task may retry group stop without
proper bookkeeping. Fixed by redoing bookkeeping on retry.
* Spotted that the transition is visible to userland in several
different ways. Most are fixed with GROUP_STOP_TRAPPING. Unhandled
corner case is documented.
* Pointed out not setting GROUP_STOP_SIGMASK on an already stopped
task would result in more consistent behavior.
* Pointed out that calling ptrace_stop() from do_signal_stop() in
TASK_STOPPED can race with group stop start logic and then confuse
the TRAPPING wait in ptrace_check_attach(). ptrace_stop() is now
called with TASK_RUNNING.
* Suggested using signal->wait_chldexit instead of bit wait.
* Spotted a race condition between TRACED transition and clearing of
TRAPPING.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
Cc: Roland McGrath <roland@redhat.com>
Cc: Jan Kratochvil <jan.kratochvil@redhat.com>
A ptraced task would still stop at do_signal_stop() when it's stopping
for stop signals and do_signal_stop() behaves the same whether the
task is ptraced or not. However, in addition to stopping,
ptrace_stop() also does ptrace specific stuff like calling
architecture specific callbacks, so this behavior makes the code more
fragile and difficult to understand.
This patch makes do_signal_stop() test whether the task is ptraced and
use ptrace_stop() if so. This renders tracehook_notify_jctl() rather
pointless as the ptrace notification is now handled by ptrace_stop()
regardless of the return value from the tracehook. It probably is a
good idea to update it.
This doesn't solve the whole problem as tasks already in stopped state
would stay in the regular stop when ptrace attached. That part will
be handled by the next patch.
Oleg pointed out that this makes a userland-visible change. Before,
SIGCONT would be able to wake up a task in group stop even if the task
is ptraced if the tracer hasn't issued another ptrace command
afterwards (as the next ptrace commands transitions the state into
TASK_TRACED which ignores SIGCONT wakeups). With this and the next
patch, SIGCONT may race with the transition into TASK_TRACED and is
ignored if the tracee already entered TASK_TRACED.
Another userland visible change of this and the next patch is that the
ptracee's state would now be TASK_TRACED where it used to be
TASK_STOPPED, which is visible via fs/proc.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
Cc: Roland McGrath <roland@redhat.com>
Cc: Jan Kratochvil <jan.kratochvil@redhat.com>
Currently, ptrace_stop() unconditionally participates in group stop
bookkeeping. This is unnecessary and inaccurate. Make it only
participate if the task is trapping for group stop - ie. if @why is
CLD_STOPPED. As ptrace_stop() currently is not used when trapping for
group stop, this equals to disabling group stop participation from
ptrace_stop().
A visible behavior change is increased likelihood of delayed group
stop completion if the thread group contains one or more ptraced
tasks.
This is to preapre for further cleanup of the interaction between
group stop and ptrace.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
Cc: Roland McGrath <roland@redhat.com>
Currently task->signal->group_stop_count is used to decide whether to
stop for group stop. However, if there is a task in the group which
is taking a long time to stop, other tasks which are continued by
ptrace would repeatedly stop for the same group stop until the group
stop is complete.
Conversely, if a ptraced task is in TASK_TRACED state, the debugger
won't get notified of group stops which is inconsistent compared to
the ptraced task in any other state.
This patch introduces GROUP_STOP_PENDING which tracks whether a task
is yet to stop for the group stop in progress. The flag is set when a
group stop starts and cleared when the task stops the first time for
the group stop, and consulted whenever whether the task should
participate in a group stop needs to be determined. Note that now
tasks in TASK_TRACED also participate in group stop.
This results in the following behavior changes.
* For a single group stop, a ptracer would see at most one stop
reported.
* A ptracee in TASK_TRACED now also participates in group stop and the
tracer would get the notification. However, as a ptraced task could
be in TASK_STOPPED state or any ptrace trap could consume group
stop, the notification may still be missing. These will be
addressed with further patches.
* A ptracee may start a group stop while one is still in progress if
the tracer let it continue with stop signal delivery. Group stop
code handles this correctly.
Oleg:
* Spotted that a task might skip signal check even when its
GROUP_STOP_PENDING is set. Fixed by updating
recalc_sigpending_tsk() to check GROUP_STOP_PENDING instead of
group_stop_count.
* Pointed out that task->group_stop should be cleared whenever
task->signal->group_stop_count is cleared. Fixed accordingly.
* Pointed out the behavior inconsistency between TASK_TRACED and
RUNNING and the last behavior change.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
Cc: Roland McGrath <roland@redhat.com>
task->signal->group_stop_count is used to track the progress of group
stop. It's initialized to the number of tasks which need to stop for
group stop to finish and each stopping or trapping task decrements.
However, each task doesn't keep track of whether it decremented the
counter or not and if woken up before the group stop is complete and
stops again, it can decrement the counter multiple times.
Please consider the following example code.
static void *worker(void *arg)
{
while (1) ;
return NULL;
}
int main(void)
{
pthread_t thread;
pid_t pid;
int i;
pid = fork();
if (!pid) {
for (i = 0; i < 5; i++)
pthread_create(&thread, NULL, worker, NULL);
while (1) ;
return 0;
}
ptrace(PTRACE_ATTACH, pid, NULL, NULL);
while (1) {
waitid(P_PID, pid, NULL, WSTOPPED);
ptrace(PTRACE_SINGLESTEP, pid, NULL, (void *)(long)SIGSTOP);
}
return 0;
}
The child creates five threads and the parent continuously traps the
first thread and whenever the child gets a signal, SIGSTOP is
delivered. If an external process sends SIGSTOP to the child, all
other threads in the process should reliably stop. However, due to
the above bug, the first thread will often end up consuming
group_stop_count multiple times and SIGSTOP often ends up stopping
none or part of the other four threads.
This patch adds a new field task->group_stop which is protected by
siglock and uses GROUP_STOP_CONSUME flag to track which task is still
to consume group_stop_count to fix this bug.
task_clear_group_stop_pending() and task_participate_group_stop() are
added to help manipulating group stop states. As ptrace_stop() now
also uses task_participate_group_stop(), it will set
SIGNAL_STOP_STOPPED if it completes a group stop.
There still are many issues regarding the interaction between group
stop and ptrace. Patches to address them will follow.
- Oleg spotted duplicate GROUP_STOP_CONSUME. Dropped.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
Cc: Roland McGrath <roland@redhat.com>
To prepare for cleanup of the interaction between group stop and
ptrace, add @why to ptrace_stop(). Existing users are updated such
that there is no behavior change.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Roland McGrath <roland@redhat.com>
tracehook_notify_jctl() aids in determining whether and what to report
to the parent when a task is stopped or continued. The function also
adds an extra requirement that siglock may be released across it,
which is currently unused and quite difficult to satisfy in
well-defined manner.
As job control and the notifications are about to receive major
overhaul, remove the tracehook and open code it. If ever necessary,
let's factor it out after the overhaul.
* Oleg spotted incorrect CLD_CONTINUED/STOPPED selection when ptraced.
Fixed.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
Cc: Roland McGrath <roland@redhat.com>
do_signal_stop() is used only by get_signal_to_deliver() and after a
successful signal stop, it always calls try_to_freeze(), so the
try_to_freeze() loop around schedule() in do_signal_stop() is
superflous and confusing. Remove it.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rjw@sisk.pl>
Acked-by: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Roland McGrath <roland@redhat.com>
This wake_up_state() has a turbulent history. This is a remnant from
ancient ptrace implementation and patently wrong. Commit 95a3540d
(ptrace_detach: the wrong wakeup breaks the ERESTARTxxx logic) removed
it but the change was reverted later by commit edaba2c5 (ptrace:
revert "ptrace_detach: the wrong wakeup breaks the ERESTARTxxx logic")
citing compatibility breakage and general brokeness of the whole group
stop / ptrace interaction. Then, recently, it got converted from
wake_up_process() to wake_up_state() to make it less dangerous.
Digging through the mailing archives, the compatibility breakage
doesn't seem to be critical in the sense that the behavior isn't well
defined or reliable to begin with and it seems to have been agreed to
remove the wakeup with proper cleanup of the whole thing.
Now that the group stop and its interaction with ptrace are being
cleaned up, it's high time to finally kill this silliness.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
Cc: Roland McGrath <roland@redhat.com>
After a task receives SIGCONT, its parent is notified via SIGCHLD with
its siginfo describing what the notified event is. If SIGCONT is
received while the child process is stopped, the code should be
CLD_CONTINUED. If SIGCONT is recieved while the child process is in
the process of being stopped, it should be CLD_STOPPED. Which code to
use is determined in prepare_signal() and recorded in signal->flags
using SIGNAL_CLD_CONTINUED|STOP flags.
get_signal_deliver() should test these flags and then notify
accoringly; however, it incorrectly tested SIGNAL_STOP_CONTINUED
instead of SIGNAL_CLD_CONTINUED, thus incorrectly notifying
CLD_CONTINUED if the signal is delivered before the task is wait(2)ed
and CLD_STOPPED if the state was fetched already.
Fix it by testing SIGNAL_CLD_CONTINUED. While at it, uncompress the
?: test into if/else clause for better readability.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Roland McGrath <roland@redhat.com>
We've been burned by regressions/bugs which we later realized could have
been triaged quicker if only we'd paid closer attention to dmesg. To make
it easier to audit dmesg, we'd like to make DEFAULT_MESSAGE_LEVEL
Kconfig-settable. That way we can set it to KERN_NOTICE and audit any
messages <= KERN_WARNING.
Signed-off-by: Mandeep Singh Baines <msb@chromium.org>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Cc: Joe Perches <joe@perches.com>
Cc: Olof Johansson <olofj@chromium.org>
Cc: Randy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
In an effort to reduce kernel address leaks that might be used to help
target kernel privilege escalation exploits, this patch uses %pK when
displaying addresses in /proc/kallsyms, /proc/modules, and
/sys/module/*/sections/*.
Note that this changes %x to %p, so some legitimately 0 values in
/proc/kallsyms would have changed from 00000000 to "(null)". To avoid
this, "(null)" is not used when using the "K" format. Anything that was
already successfully parsing "(null)" in addition to full hex digits
should have no problem with this change. (Thanks to Joe Perches for the
suggestion.) Due to the %x to %p, "void *" casts are needed since these
addresses are already "unsigned long" everywhere internally, due to their
starting life as ELF section offsets.
Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <kees.cook@canonical.com>
Cc: Eugene Teo <eugene@redhat.com>
Cc: Dan Rosenberg <drosenberg@vsecurity.com>
Cc: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
For a platform with many consoles like:
"console=tty1 console=ttyMFD2 console=ttyS0 earlyprintk=mrst"
Each time when the non "selected_console" (tty1 and ttyMFD2 here) get
registered, the existing kernel message will be printed out on registered
consoles again, the "mrst" early console will get some same message for 3
times, and "tty1" will get some for twice.
As suggested by Andrew Morton, every time a new console is registered, it
will be set as the "exclusive" console which will dump the already
existing kernel messages.
Signed-off-by: Feng Tang <feng.tang@intel.com>
Cc: Greg KH <gregkh@suse.de>
Cc: Alan Cox <alan@lxorguk.ukuu.org.uk>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
On some architectures, the boot process involves de-registering the boot
console (early boot), initialize drivers and then re-register the console.
This mechanism introduces a window in which no printk can happen on the
console and messages are buffered and then printed once the new console is
available.
If a kernel crashes during this window, all it's left on the boot console
is "console [foo] enabled, bootconsole disabled" making debug of the crash
rather 'interesting'.
By adding "keep_bootcon" option, do not unregister the boot console, that
will allow to printk everything that is happening up to the crash.
The option is clearly meant only for debugging purposes as it introduces
lots of duplicated info printed on console, but will make bug report from
users easier as it doesn't require a kernel build just to figure out where
we crash.
Signed-off-by: Fabio M. Di Nitto <fabbione@fabbione.net>
Acked-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Cc: Alan Cox <alan@lxorguk.ukuu.org.uk>
Cc: Greg KH <gregkh@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
This patch addresses a couple of problems. One was the case when the
hardlockup failed to start, it also failed to start the softlockup. There
were valid cases when the hardlockup shouldn't start and that shouldn't
block the softlockup (no lapic, bios controls perf counters).
The second problem was when the hardlockup failed to start on boxes (from
a no lapic or bios controlled perf counter case), it reported failure to
the cpu notifier chain. This blocked the notifier from continuing to
start other more critical pieces of cpu bring-up (in our case based on a
2.6.32 fork, it was the mce). As a result, during soft cpu online/offline
testing, the system would panic when a cpu was offlined because the cpu
notifier would succeed in processing a watchdog disable cpu event and
would panic in the mce case as a result of un-initialized variables from a
never executed cpu up event.
I realized the hardlockup/softlockup cases are really just debugging aids
and should never impede the progress of a cpu up/down event. Therefore I
modified the code to always return NOTIFY_OK and instead rely on printks
to inform the user of problems.
Signed-off-by: Don Zickus <dzickus@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Reviewed-by: WANG Cong <xiyou.wangcong@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
When a cpu is considered stuck, instead of limping along and just printing
a warning, it is sometimes preferred to just panic, let kdump capture the
vmcore and reboot. This gets the machine back into a stable state quickly
while saving the info that got it into a stuck state to begin with.
Add a Kconfig option to allow users to set the hardlockup to panic
by default. Also add in a 'nmi_watchdog=nopanic' to override this.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix strncmp length]
Signed-off-by: Don Zickus <dzickus@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Reviewed-by: WANG Cong <xiyou.wangcong@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cleanup: kill the dead code which does nothing but complicates the code
and confuses the reader.
sys_unshare(CLONE_THREAD/SIGHAND/VM) is not really implemented, and I
doubt very much it will ever work. At least, nobody even tried since the
original 99d1419d96 ("unshare system call -v5: system call
handler function") was applied more than 4 years ago.
And the code is not consistent. unshare_thread() always fails
unconditionally, while unshare_sighand() and unshare_vm() pretend to work
if there is nothing to unshare.
Remove unshare_thread(), unshare_sighand(), unshare_vm() helpers and
related variables and add a simple CLONE_THREAD | CLONE_SIGHAND| CLONE_VM
check into check_unshare_flags().
Also, move the "CLONE_NEWNS needs CLONE_FS" check from
check_unshare_flags() to sys_unshare(). This looks more consistent and
matches the similar do_sysvsem check in sys_unshare().
Note: with or without this patch "atomic_read(mm->mm_users) > 1" can give
a false positive due to get_task_mm().
Signed-off-by: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Roland McGrath <roland@redhat.com>
Cc: Janak Desai <janak@us.ibm.com>
Cc: Daniel Lezcano <daniel.lezcano@free.fr>
Cc: "Eric W. Biederman" <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Alexey Dobriyan <adobriyan@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Serge Hallyn <serge.hallyn@canonical.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Change the printk() calls to have the KERN_INFO/KERN_ERROR stuff, and
fixes other coding style errors. Not _all_ of them are gone, though.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: revert the bits I disagree with]
Signed-off-by: Michael Rodriguez <dkingston02@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The oops=panic cmdline option is not x86 specific, move it to generic code.
Update documentation.
Signed-off-by: Olaf Hering <olaf@aepfle.de>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@zytor.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
ksoftirqd, kworker, migration, and pktgend kthreads can be created with
kthread_create_on_node(), to get proper NUMA affinities for their stack and
task_struct.
Signed-off-by: Eric Dumazet <eric.dumazet@gmail.com>
Acked-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Reviewed-by: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Acked-by: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>
Acked-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Tony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com>
Cc: Fenghua Yu <fenghua.yu@intel.com>
Cc: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
Cc: <linux-arch@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
All kthreads being created from a single helper task, they all use memory
from a single node for their kernel stack and task struct.
This patch suite creates kthread_create_on_node(), adding a 'cpu' parameter
to parameters already used by kthread_create().
This parameter serves in allocating memory for the new kthread on its
memory node if possible.
Signed-off-by: Eric Dumazet <eric.dumazet@gmail.com>
Acked-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Reviewed-by: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Acked-by: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>
Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Tony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com>
Cc: Fenghua Yu <fenghua.yu@intel.com>
Cc: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
Cc: <linux-arch@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Add a node parameter to alloc_thread_info(), and change its name to
alloc_thread_info_node()
This change is needed to allow NUMA aware kthread_create_on_cpu()
Signed-off-by: Eric Dumazet <eric.dumazet@gmail.com>
Acked-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Reviewed-by: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Acked-by: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>
Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Tony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com>
Cc: Fenghua Yu <fenghua.yu@intel.com>
Cc: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
Cc: <linux-arch@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
All kthreads being created from a single helper task, they all use memory
from a single node for their kernel stack and task struct.
This patch suite creates kthread_create_on_cpu(), adding a 'cpu' parameter
to parameters already used by kthread_create().
This parameter serves in allocating memory for the new kthread on its
memory node if available.
Users of this new function are : ksoftirqd, kworker, migration, pktgend...
This patch:
Add a node parameter to alloc_task_struct(), and change its name to
alloc_task_struct_node()
This change is needed to allow NUMA aware kthread_create_on_cpu()
Signed-off-by: Eric Dumazet <eric.dumazet@gmail.com>
Acked-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Reviewed-by: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Acked-by: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>
Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Tony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com>
Cc: Fenghua Yu <fenghua.yu@intel.com>
Cc: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
Cc: <linux-arch@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
