This function is getting full of weird tricks to avoid word-wrapping.
Use a goto to eliminate a tab stop then use the new space
Cc: Taku Izumi <izumi.taku@jp.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Xeon E7 v3 based systems supports Address Range Mirroring and UEFI BIOS
complied with UEFI spec 2.5 can notify which ranges are mirrored
(reliable) via EFI memory map. Now Linux kernel utilize its information
and allocates boot time memory from reliable region.
My requirement is:
- allocate kernel memory from mirrored region
- allocate user memory from non-mirrored region
In order to meet my requirement, ZONE_MOVABLE is useful. By arranging
non-mirrored range into ZONE_MOVABLE, mirrored memory is used for kernel
allocations.
My idea is to extend existing "kernelcore" option and introduces
kernelcore=mirror option. By specifying "mirror" instead of specifying
the amount of memory, non-mirrored region will be arranged into
ZONE_MOVABLE.
Earlier discussions are at:
https://lkml.org/lkml/2015/10/9/24https://lkml.org/lkml/2015/10/15/9https://lkml.org/lkml/2015/11/27/18https://lkml.org/lkml/2015/12/8/836
For example, suppose 2-nodes system with the following memory range:
node 0 [mem 0x0000000000001000-0x000000109fffffff]
node 1 [mem 0x00000010a0000000-0x000000209fffffff]
and the following ranges are marked as reliable (mirrored):
[0x0000000000000000-0x0000000100000000]
[0x0000000100000000-0x0000000180000000]
[0x0000000800000000-0x0000000880000000]
[0x00000010a0000000-0x0000001120000000]
[0x00000017a0000000-0x0000001820000000]
If you specify kernelcore=mirror, ZONE_NORMAL and ZONE_MOVABLE are
arranged like bellow:
- node 0:
ZONE_NORMAL : [0x0000000100000000-0x00000010a0000000]
ZONE_MOVABLE: [0x0000000180000000-0x00000010a0000000]
- node 1:
ZONE_NORMAL : [0x00000010a0000000-0x00000020a0000000]
ZONE_MOVABLE: [0x0000001120000000-0x00000020a0000000]
In overlapped range, pages to be ZONE_MOVABLE in ZONE_NORMAL are treated
as absent pages, and vice versa.
This patch (of 2):
Currently each zone's zone_start_pfn is calculated at
free_area_init_core(). However zone's range is fixed at the time when
invoking zone_spanned_pages_in_node().
This patch changes how each zone->zone_start_pfn is calculated in
zone_spanned_pages_in_node().
Signed-off-by: Taku Izumi <izumi.taku@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Tony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com>
Cc: Xishi Qiu <qiuxishi@huawei.com>
Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@intel.com>
Cc: Matt Fleming <matt@codeblueprint.co.uk>
Cc: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
Cc: Steve Capper <steve.capper@linaro.org>
Cc: Sudeep Holla <sudeep.holla@arm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
SLUB already has a redzone debugging feature. But it is only positioned
at the end of object (aka right redzone) so it cannot catch left oob.
Although current object's right redzone acts as left redzone of next
object, first object in a slab cannot take advantage of this effect.
This patch explicitly adds a left red zone to each object to detect left
oob more precisely.
Background:
Someone complained to me that left OOB doesn't catch even if KASAN is
enabled which does page allocation debugging. That page is out of our
control so it would be allocated when left OOB happens and, in this
case, we can't find OOB. Moreover, SLUB debugging feature can be
enabled without page allocator debugging and, in this case, we will miss
that OOB.
Before trying to implement, I expected that changes would be too
complex, but, it doesn't look that complex to me now. Almost changes
are applied to debug specific functions so I feel okay.
Signed-off-by: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
When debug options are enabled, cmpxchg on the page is disabled. This
is because the page must be locked to ensure there are no false
positives when performing consistency checks. Some debug options such
as poisoning and red zoning only act on the object itself. There is no
need to protect other CPUs from modification on only the object. Allow
cmpxchg to happen with poisoning and red zoning are set on a slab.
Credit to Mathias Krause for the original work which inspired this
series
Signed-off-by: Laura Abbott <labbott@fedoraproject.org>
Acked-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <js1304@gmail.com>
Cc: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Cc: Mathias Krause <minipli@googlemail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
SLAB_DEBUG_FREE allows expensive consistency checks at free to be turned
on or off. Expand its use to be able to turn off all consistency
checks. This gives a nice speed up if you only want features such as
poisoning or tracing.
Credit to Mathias Krause for the original work which inspired this
series
Signed-off-by: Laura Abbott <labbott@fedoraproject.org>
Acked-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <js1304@gmail.com>
Cc: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Cc: Mathias Krause <minipli@googlemail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Since commit 19c7ff9ecd ("slub: Take node lock during object free
checks") check_object has been incorrectly returning success as it
follows the out label which just returns the node.
Thanks to refactoring, the out and fail paths are now basically the
same. Combine the two into one and just use a single label.
Credit to Mathias Krause for the original work which inspired this
series
Signed-off-by: Laura Abbott <labbott@fedoraproject.org>
Acked-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <js1304@gmail.com>
Cc: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Cc: Mathias Krause <minipli@googlemail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
This series takes the suggestion of Christoph Lameter and only focuses
on optimizing the slow path where the debug processing runs. The two
main optimizations in this series are letting the consistency checks be
skipped and relaxing the cmpxchg restrictions when we are not doing
consistency checks. With hackbench -g 20 -l 1000 averaged over 100
runs:
Before slub_debug=P
mean 15.607
variance .086
stdev .294
After slub_debug=P
mean 10.836
variance .155
stdev .394
This still isn't as fast as what is in grsecurity unfortunately so there's
still work to be done. Profiling ___slab_alloc shows that 25-50% of time
is spent in deactivate_slab. I haven't looked too closely to see if this
is something that can be optimized. My plan for now is to focus on
getting all of this merged (if appropriate) before digging in to another
task.
This patch (of 4):
Currently, free_debug_processing has a comment "Keep node_lock to preserve
integrity until the object is actually freed". In actuallity, the lock is
dropped immediately in __slab_free. Rather than wait until __slab_free
and potentially throw off the unlikely marking, just drop the lock in
__slab_free. This also lets free_debug_processing take its own copy of
the spinlock flags rather than trying to share the ones from __slab_free.
Since there is no use for the node afterwards, change the return type of
free_debug_processing to return an int like alloc_debug_processing.
Credit to Mathias Krause for the original work which inspired this series
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix build]
Signed-off-by: Laura Abbott <labbott@fedoraproject.org>
Acked-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <js1304@gmail.com>
Cc: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Cc: Mathias Krause <minipli@googlemail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Current implementation of pfmemalloc handling in SLAB has some problems.
1) pfmemalloc_active is set to true when there is just one or more
pfmemalloc slabs in the system, but it is cleared when there is no
pfmemalloc slab in one arbitrary kmem_cache. So, pfmemalloc_active
could be wrongly cleared.
2) Search to partial and free list doesn't happen when non-pfmemalloc
object are not found in cpu cache. Instead, allocating new slab
happens and it is not optimal.
3) Even after sk_memalloc_socks() is disabled, cpu cache would keep
pfmemalloc objects tagged with SLAB_OBJ_PFMEMALLOC. It isn't cleared
if sk_memalloc_socks() is disabled so it could cause problem.
4) If cpu cache is filled with pfmemalloc objects, it would cause slow
down non-pfmemalloc allocation.
To me, current pointer tagging approach looks complex and fragile so this
patch re-implement whole thing instead of fixing problems one by one.
Design principle for new implementation is that
1) Don't disrupt non-pfmemalloc allocation in fast path even if
sk_memalloc_socks() is enabled. It's more likely case than pfmemalloc
allocation.
2) Ensure that pfmemalloc slab is used only for pfmemalloc allocation.
3) Don't consider performance of pfmemalloc allocation in memory
deficiency state.
As a result, all pfmemalloc alloc/free in memory tight state will be
handled in slow-path. If there is non-pfmemalloc free object, it will be
returned first even for pfmemalloc user in fast-path so that performance
of pfmemalloc user isn't affected in normal case and pfmemalloc objects
will be kept as long as possible.
Signed-off-by: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Tested-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Returing values by reference is bad practice. Instead, just use
function return value.
Signed-off-by: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Suggested-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Acked-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
SLAB needs an array to manage freed objects in a slab. It is only used
if some objects are freed so we can use free object itself as this
array. This requires additional branch in somewhat critical lock path
to check if it is first freed object or not but that's all we need.
Benefits is that we can save extra memory usage and reduce some
computational overhead by allocating a management array when new slab is
created.
Code change is rather complex than what we can expect from the idea, in
order to handle debugging feature efficiently. If you want to see core
idea only, please remove '#if DEBUG' block in the patch.
Although this idea can apply to all caches whose size is larger than
management array size, it isn't applied to caches which have a
constructor. If such cache's object is used for management array,
constructor should be called for it before that object is returned to
user. I guess that overhead overwhelm benefit in that case so this idea
doesn't applied to them at least now.
For summary, from now on, slab management type is determined by
following logic.
1) if management array size is smaller than object size and no ctor, it
becomes OBJFREELIST_SLAB.
2) if management array size is smaller than leftover, it becomes
NORMAL_SLAB which uses leftover as a array.
3) if OFF_SLAB help to save memory than way 4), it becomes OFF_SLAB.
It allocate a management array from the other cache so memory waste
happens.
4) others become NORMAL_SLAB. It uses dedicated internal memory in a
slab as a management array so it causes memory waste.
In my system, without enabling CONFIG_DEBUG_SLAB, Almost caches become
OBJFREELIST_SLAB and NORMAL_SLAB (using leftover) which doesn't waste
memory. Following is the result of number of caches with specific slab
management type.
TOTAL = OBJFREELIST + NORMAL(leftover) + NORMAL + OFF
/Before/
126 = 0 + 60 + 25 + 41
/After/
126 = 97 + 12 + 15 + 2
Result shows that number of caches that doesn't waste memory increase
from 60 to 109.
I did some benchmarking and it looks that benefit are more than loss.
Kmalloc: Repeatedly allocate then free test
/Before/
[ 0.286809] 1. Kmalloc: Repeatedly allocate then free test
[ 1.143674] 100000 times kmalloc(32) -> 116 cycles kfree -> 78 cycles
[ 1.441726] 100000 times kmalloc(64) -> 121 cycles kfree -> 80 cycles
[ 1.815734] 100000 times kmalloc(128) -> 168 cycles kfree -> 85 cycles
[ 2.380709] 100000 times kmalloc(256) -> 287 cycles kfree -> 95 cycles
[ 3.101153] 100000 times kmalloc(512) -> 370 cycles kfree -> 117 cycles
[ 3.942432] 100000 times kmalloc(1024) -> 413 cycles kfree -> 156 cycles
[ 5.227396] 100000 times kmalloc(2048) -> 622 cycles kfree -> 248 cycles
[ 7.519793] 100000 times kmalloc(4096) -> 1102 cycles kfree -> 452 cycles
/After/
[ 1.205313] 100000 times kmalloc(32) -> 117 cycles kfree -> 78 cycles
[ 1.510526] 100000 times kmalloc(64) -> 124 cycles kfree -> 81 cycles
[ 1.827382] 100000 times kmalloc(128) -> 130 cycles kfree -> 84 cycles
[ 2.226073] 100000 times kmalloc(256) -> 177 cycles kfree -> 92 cycles
[ 2.814747] 100000 times kmalloc(512) -> 286 cycles kfree -> 112 cycles
[ 3.532952] 100000 times kmalloc(1024) -> 344 cycles kfree -> 141 cycles
[ 4.608777] 100000 times kmalloc(2048) -> 519 cycles kfree -> 210 cycles
[ 6.350105] 100000 times kmalloc(4096) -> 789 cycles kfree -> 391 cycles
In fact, I tested another idea implementing OBJFREELIST_SLAB with
extendable linked array through another freed object. It can remove
memory waste completely but it causes more computational overhead in
critical lock path and it seems that overhead outweigh benefit. So, this
patch doesn't include it.
Signed-off-by: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Jesper Dangaard Brouer <brouer@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
cache_init_objs() will be changed in following patch and current form
doesn't fit well for that change. So, before doing it, this patch
separates debugging initialization. This would cause two loop iteration
when debugging is enabled, but, this overhead seems too light than debug
feature itself so effect may not be visible. This patch will greatly
simplify changes in cache_init_objs() in following patch.
Signed-off-by: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Jesper Dangaard Brouer <brouer@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Slab list should be fixed up after object is detached from the slab and
this happens at two places. They do exactly same thing. They will be
changed in the following patch, so, to reduce code duplication, this
patch factor out them and make it common function.
Signed-off-by: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Jesper Dangaard Brouer <brouer@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
To become an off slab, there are some constraints to avoid bootstrapping
problem and recursive call. This can be avoided differently by simply
checking that corresponding kmalloc cache is ready and it's not a off
slab. It would be more robust because static size checking can be
affected by cache size change or architecture type but dynamic checking
isn't.
One check 'freelist_cache->size > cachep->size / 2' is added to check
benefit of choosing off slab, because, now, there is no size constraint
which ensures enough advantage when selecting off slab.
Signed-off-by: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Jesper Dangaard Brouer <brouer@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
We can fail to setup off slab in some conditions. Even in this case,
debug pagealloc increases cache size to PAGE_SIZE in advance and it is
waste because debug pagealloc cannot work for it when it isn't the off
slab. To improve this situation, this patch checks first that this
cache with increased size is suitable for off slab. It actually
increases cache size when it is suitable for off-slab, so possible waste
is removed.
Signed-off-by: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Jesper Dangaard Brouer <brouer@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Current cache type determination code is open-code and looks not
understandable. Following patch will introduce one more cache type and
it would make code more complex. So, before it happens, this patch
abstracts these codes.
Signed-off-by: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Jesper Dangaard Brouer <brouer@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Finding suitable OFF_SLAB candidate is more related to aligned cache
size rather than original size. Same reasoning can be applied to the
debug pagealloc candidate. So, this patch moves up alignment fixup to
proper position. From that point, size is aligned so we can remove some
alignment fixups.
Signed-off-by: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Jesper Dangaard Brouer <brouer@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Currently, the freelist is at the front of slab page. This requires
extra space to meet object alignment requirement. If we put the
freelist at the end of a slab page, objects could start at page boundary
and will be at correct alignment. This is possible because freelist has
no alignment constraint itself.
This gives us two benefits: It removes extra memory space for the
freelist alignment and remove complex calculation at cache
initialization step. I can't think notable drawback here.
I mentioned that this would reduce extra memory space, but, this benefit
is rather theoretical because it can be applied to very few cases.
Following is the example cache type that can get benefit from this
change.
size align num before after
32 8 124 4100 4092
64 8 63 4103 4095
88 8 46 4102 4094
272 8 15 4103 4095
408 8 10 4098 4090
32 16 124 4108 4092
64 16 63 4111 4095
32 32 124 4124 4092
64 32 63 4127 4095
96 32 42 4106 4074
before means whole size for objects and aligned freelist before applying
patch and after shows the result of this patch.
Since before is more than 4096, number of object should decrease and
memory waste happens.
Anyway, this patch removes complex calculation so looks beneficial to
me.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix kerneldoc]
Signed-off-by: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Acked-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Jesper Dangaard Brouer <brouer@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Now, we don't use object status buffer in any setup. Remove it.
Signed-off-by: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Jesper Dangaard Brouer <brouer@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
DEBUG_SLAB_LEAK is a debug option. It's current implementation requires
status buffer so we need more memory to use it. And, it cause
kmem_cache initialization step more complex.
To remove this extra memory usage and to simplify initialization step,
this patch implement this feature with another way.
When user requests to get slab object owner information, it marks that
getting information is started. And then, all free objects in caches
are flushed to corresponding slab page. Now, we can distinguish all
freed object so we can know all allocated objects, too. After
collecting slab object owner information on allocated objects, mark is
checked that there is no free during the processing. If true, we can be
sure that our information is correct so information is returned to user.
Although this way is rather complex, it has two important benefits
mentioned above. So, I think it is worth changing.
There is one drawback that it takes more time to get slab object owner
information but it is just a debug option so it doesn't matter at all.
To help review, this patch implements new way only. Following patch
will remove useless code.
Signed-off-by: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Jesper Dangaard Brouer <brouer@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Currently, open code for checking DEBUG_PAGEALLOC cache is spread to
some sites. It makes code unreadable and hard to change.
This patch cleans up this code. The following patch will change the
criteria for DEBUG_PAGEALLOC cache so this clean-up will help it, too.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix build with CONFIG_DEBUG_PAGEALLOC=n]
Signed-off-by: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Jesper Dangaard Brouer <brouer@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
debug_pagealloc debugging is related to SLAB_POISON flag rather than
FORCED_DEBUG option, although FORCED_DEBUG option will enable
SLAB_POISON. Fix it.
Signed-off-by: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Acked-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Jesper Dangaard Brouer <brouer@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Some of "#if DEBUG" are for reporting slab implementation bug rather
than user usecase bug. It's not really needed because slab is stable
for a quite long time and it makes code too dirty. This patch remove
it.
Signed-off-by: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Acked-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Jesper Dangaard Brouer <brouer@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
It is obsolete so remove it.
Signed-off-by: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Acked-by: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Jesper Dangaard Brouer <brouer@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
This patchset implements a new freed object management way, that is,
OBJFREELIST_SLAB. Purpose of it is to reduce memory overhead in SLAB.
SLAB needs a array to manage freed objects in a slab. If there is
leftover after objects are packed into a slab, we can use it as a
management array, and, in this case, there is no memory waste. But, in
the other cases, we need to allocate extra memory for a management array
or utilize dedicated internal memory in a slab for it. Both cases
causes memory waste so it's not good.
With this patchset, freed object itself can be used for a management
array. So, memory waste could be reduced. Detailed idea and numbers
are described in last patch's commit description. Please refer it.
In fact, I tested another idea implementing OBJFREELIST_SLAB with
extendable linked array through another freed object. It can remove
memory waste completely but it causes more computational overhead in
critical lock path and it seems that overhead outweigh benefit. So,
this patchset doesn't include it. I will attach prototype just for a
reference.
This patch (of 16):
We use freelist_idx_t type for free object management whose size would be
smaller than size of unsigned int. Fix it.
Signed-off-by: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Jesper Dangaard Brouer <brouer@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Fix up trivial spelling errors, noticed while reading the code.
Signed-off-by: Jesper Dangaard Brouer <brouer@redhat.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov@virtuozzo.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Move the call to cache_alloc_debugcheck_after() outside the IRQ disabled
section in kmem_cache_alloc_bulk().
When CONFIG_DEBUG_SLAB is disabled the compiler should remove this code.
Signed-off-by: Jesper Dangaard Brouer <brouer@redhat.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov@virtuozzo.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
This patch implements the alloc side of bulk API for the SLAB allocator.
Further optimization are still possible by changing the call to
__do_cache_alloc() into something that can return multiple objects.
This optimization is left for later, given end results already show in
the area of 80% speedup.
Signed-off-by: Jesper Dangaard Brouer <brouer@redhat.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov@virtuozzo.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Reviewers notice that the order in slab_post_alloc_hook() of
kmemcheck_slab_alloc() and kmemleak_alloc_recursive() gets swapped
compared to slab.c / SLAB allocator.
Also notice memset now occurs before calling kmemcheck_slab_alloc() and
kmemleak_alloc_recursive().
I assume this reordering of kmemcheck, kmemleak and memset is okay
because this is the order they are used by the SLUB allocator.
This patch completes the sharing of alloc_hook's between SLUB and SLAB.
Signed-off-by: Jesper Dangaard Brouer <brouer@redhat.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov@virtuozzo.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
In the SLAB allocator kmemcheck_slab_alloc() is guarded against being
called in case the object is NULL. In SLUB allocator this NULL pointer
invocation can happen, which seems like an oversight.
Move the NULL pointer check into kmemcheck code (kmemcheck_slab_alloc)
so the check gets moved out of the fastpath, when not compiled with
CONFIG_KMEMCHECK.
This is a step towards sharing post_alloc_hook between SLUB and SLAB,
because slab_post_alloc_hook() does not perform this check before
calling kmemcheck_slab_alloc().
Signed-off-by: Jesper Dangaard Brouer <brouer@redhat.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov@virtuozzo.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Deduplicate code in SLAB allocator functions slab_alloc() and
slab_alloc_node() by using the slab_pre_alloc_hook() call, which is now
shared between SLUB and SLAB.
Signed-off-by: Jesper Dangaard Brouer <brouer@redhat.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov@virtuozzo.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Remove the SLAB specific function slab_should_failslab(), by moving the
check against fault-injection for the bootstrap slab, into the shared
function should_failslab() (used by both SLAB and SLUB).
This is a step towards sharing alloc_hook's between SLUB and SLAB.
This bootstrap slab "kmem_cache" is used for allocating struct
kmem_cache objects to the allocator itself.
Signed-off-by: Jesper Dangaard Brouer <brouer@redhat.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov@virtuozzo.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
First step towards sharing alloc_hook's between SLUB and SLAB
allocators. Move the SLUB allocators *_alloc_hook to the common
mm/slab.h for internal slab definitions.
Signed-off-by: Jesper Dangaard Brouer <brouer@redhat.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov@virtuozzo.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
This change is primarily an attempt to make it easier to realize the
optimizations the compiler performs in-case CONFIG_MEMCG_KMEM is not
enabled.
Performance wise, even when CONFIG_MEMCG_KMEM is compiled in, the
overhead is zero. This is because, as long as no process have enabled
kmem cgroups accounting, the assignment is replaced by asm-NOP
operations. This is possible because memcg_kmem_enabled() uses a
static_key_false() construct.
It also helps readability as it avoid accessing the p[] array like:
p[size - 1] which "expose" that the array is processed backwards inside
helper function build_detached_freelist().
Lastly this also makes the code more robust, in error case like passing
NULL pointers in the array. Which were previously handled before commit
033745189b ("slub: add missing kmem cgroup support to
kmem_cache_free_bulk").
Fixes: 033745189b ("slub: add missing kmem cgroup support to kmem_cache_free_bulk")
Signed-off-by: Jesper Dangaard Brouer <brouer@redhat.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux.com>
Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Vladimir Davydov <vdavydov@virtuozzo.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Pull ram resource handling changes from Ingo Molnar:
"Core kernel resource handling changes to support NVDIMM error
injection.
This tree introduces a new I/O resource type, IORESOURCE_SYSTEM_RAM,
for System RAM while keeping the current IORESOURCE_MEM type bit set
for all memory-mapped ranges (including System RAM) for backward
compatibility.
With this resource flag it no longer takes a strcmp() loop through the
resource tree to find "System RAM" resources.
The new resource type is then used to extend ACPI/APEI error injection
facility to also support NVDIMM"
* 'core-resources-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip:
ACPI/EINJ: Allow memory error injection to NVDIMM
resource: Kill walk_iomem_res()
x86/kexec: Remove walk_iomem_res() call with GART type
x86, kexec, nvdimm: Use walk_iomem_res_desc() for iomem search
resource: Add walk_iomem_res_desc()
memremap: Change region_intersects() to take @flags and @desc
arm/samsung: Change s3c_pm_run_res() to use System RAM type
resource: Change walk_system_ram() to use System RAM type
drivers: Initialize resource entry to zero
xen, mm: Set IORESOURCE_SYSTEM_RAM to System RAM
kexec: Set IORESOURCE_SYSTEM_RAM for System RAM
arch: Set IORESOURCE_SYSTEM_RAM flag for System RAM
ia64: Set System RAM type and descriptor
x86/e820: Set System RAM type and descriptor
resource: Add I/O resource descriptor
resource: Handle resource flags properly
resource: Add System RAM resource type
When removing an element from the mempool, mark it as unpoisoned in KASAN
before verifying its contents for SLUB/SLAB debugging. Otherwise KASAN
will flag the reads checking the element use-after-free writes as
use-after-free reads.
Signed-off-by: Matthew Dawson <matthew@mjdsystems.ca>
Acked-by: Andrey Ryabinin <aryabinin@virtuozzo.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Replace ENOTSUPP with EOPNOTSUPP. If hugepages are not supported, this
value is propagated to userspace. EOPNOTSUPP is part of uapi and is
widely supported by libc libraries.
It gives nicer message to user, rather than:
# cat /proc/sys/vm/nr_hugepages
cat: /proc/sys/vm/nr_hugepages: Unknown error 524
And also LTP's proc01 test was failing because this ret code (524)
was unexpected:
proc01 1 TFAIL : proc01.c:396: read failed: /proc/sys/vm/nr_hugepages: errno=???(524): Unknown error 524
proc01 2 TFAIL : proc01.c:396: read failed: /proc/sys/vm/nr_hugepages_mempolicy: errno=???(524): Unknown error 524
proc01 3 TFAIL : proc01.c:396: read failed: /proc/sys/vm/nr_overcommit_hugepages: errno=???(524): Unknown error 524
Signed-off-by: Jan Stancek <jstancek@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Acked-by: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Acked-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Acked-by: Hillf Danton <hillf.zj@alibaba-inc.com>
Cc: Mike Kravetz <mike.kravetz@oracle.com>
Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Paul Gortmaker <paul.gortmaker@windriver.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
We don't have native support of THP migration, so we have to split huge
page into small pages in order to migrate it to different node. This
includes PTE-mapped huge pages.
I made mistake in refcounting patchset: we don't actually split
PTE-mapped huge page in queue_pages_pte_range(), if we step on head
page.
The result is that the head page is queued for migration, but none of
tail pages: putting head page on queue takes pin on the page and any
subsequent attempts of split_huge_pages() would fail and we skip queuing
tail pages.
unmap_and_move_huge_page() will eventually split the huge pages, but
only one of 512 pages would get migrated.
Let's fix the situation.
Fixes: 248db92da1 ("migrate_pages: try to split pages on queuing")
Signed-off-by: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Functions which the compiler has instrumented for ASAN place poison on
the stack shadow upon entry and remove this poison prior to returning.
In some cases (e.g. hotplug and idle), CPUs may exit the kernel a
number of levels deep in C code. If there are any instrumented
functions on this critical path, these will leave portions of the idle
thread stack shadow poisoned.
If a CPU returns to the kernel via a different path (e.g. a cold
entry), then depending on stack frame layout subsequent calls to
instrumented functions may use regions of the stack with stale poison,
resulting in (spurious) KASAN splats to the console.
Contemporary GCCs always add stack shadow poisoning when ASAN is
enabled, even when asked to not instrument a function [1], so we can't
simply annotate functions on the critical path to avoid poisoning.
Instead, this series explicitly removes any stale poison before it can
be hit. In the common hotplug case we clear the entire stack shadow in
common code, before a CPU is brought online.
On architectures which perform a cold return as part of cpu idle may
retain an architecture-specific amount of stack contents. To retain the
poison for this retained context, the arch code must call the core KASAN
code, passing a "watermark" stack pointer value beyond which shadow will
be cleared. Architectures which don't perform a cold return as part of
idle do not need any additional code.
This patch (of 3):
Functions which the compiler has instrumented for KASAN place poison on
the stack shadow upon entry and remove this poision prior to returning.
In some cases (e.g. hotplug and idle), CPUs may exit the kernel a number
of levels deep in C code. If there are any instrumented functions on this
critical path, these will leave portions of the stack shadow poisoned.
If a CPU returns to the kernel via a different path (e.g. a cold entry),
then depending on stack frame layout subsequent calls to instrumented
functions may use regions of the stack with stale poison, resulting in
(spurious) KASAN splats to the console.
To avoid this, we must clear stale poison from the stack prior to
instrumented functions being called. This patch adds functions to the
KASAN core for removing poison from (portions of) a task's stack. These
will be used by subsequent patches to avoid problems with hotplug and
idle.
Signed-off-by: Mark Rutland <mark.rutland@arm.com>
Acked-by: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com>
Reviewed-by: Andrey Ryabinin <aryabinin@virtuozzo.com>
Cc: Alexander Potapenko <glider@google.com>
Cc: Lorenzo Pieralisi <lorenzo.pieralisi@arm.com>
Cc: Will Deacon <will.deacon@arm.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Commit e1534ae950 ("mm: differentiate page_mapped() from
page_mapcount() for compound pages") changed the famous
BUG_ON(page_mapped(page)) in __delete_from_page_cache() to
VM_BUG_ON_PAGE(page_mapped(page)): which gives us more info when
CONFIG_DEBUG_VM=y, but nothing at all when not.
Although it has not usually been very helpul, being hit long after the
error in question, we do need to know if it actually happens on users'
systems; but reinstating a crash there is likely to be opposed :)
In the non-debug case, pr_alert("BUG: Bad page cache") plus dump_page(),
dump_stack(), add_taint() - I don't really believe LOCKDEP_NOW_UNRELIABLE,
but that seems to be the standard procedure now. Move that, or the
VM_BUG_ON_PAGE(), up before the deletion from tree: so that the
unNULLified page->mapping gives a little more information.
If the inode is being evicted (rather than truncated), it won't have any
vmas left, so it's safe(ish) to assume that the raised mapcount is
erroneous, and we can discount it from page_count to avoid leaking the
page (I'm less worried by leaking the occasional 4kB, than losing a
potential 2MB page with each 4kB page leaked).
Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Acked-by: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Sasha Levin <sasha.levin@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The warning message "killed due to inadequate hugepage pool" simply
indicates that SIGBUS was sent, not that the process was forcibly killed.
If the process has a signal handler installed does not fix the problem,
this message can rapidly spam the kernel log.
On my amd64 dev machine that does not have hugepages configured, I can
reproduce the repeated warnings easily by setting vm.nr_hugepages=2 (i.e.,
4 megabytes of huge pages) and running something that sets a signal
handler and forks, like
#include <sys/mman.h>
#include <signal.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h>
sig_atomic_t counter = 10;
void handler(int signal)
{
if (counter-- == 0)
exit(0);
}
int main(void)
{
int status;
char *addr = mmap(NULL, 4 * 1048576, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE,
MAP_PRIVATE | MAP_ANONYMOUS | MAP_HUGETLB, -1, 0);
if (addr == MAP_FAILED) {perror("mmap"); return 1;}
*addr = 'x';
switch (fork()) {
case -1:
perror("fork"); return 1;
case 0:
signal(SIGBUS, handler);
*addr = 'x';
break;
default:
*addr = 'x';
wait(&status);
if (WIFSIGNALED(status)) {
psignal(WTERMSIG(status), "child");
}
break;
}
}
Signed-off-by: Geoffrey Thomas <geofft@ldpreload.com>
Cc: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Cc: Hillf Danton <hillf.zj@alibaba-inc.com>
Cc: "Kirill A. Shutemov" <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Previously calls to dax_writeback_mapping_range() for all DAX filesystems
(ext2, ext4 & xfs) were centralized in filemap_write_and_wait_range().
dax_writeback_mapping_range() needs a struct block_device, and it used
to get that from inode->i_sb->s_bdev. This is correct for normal inodes
mounted on ext2, ext4 and XFS filesystems, but is incorrect for DAX raw
block devices and for XFS real-time files.
Instead, call dax_writeback_mapping_range() directly from the filesystem
->writepages function so that it can supply us with a valid block
device. This also fixes DAX code to properly flush caches in response
to sync(2).
Signed-off-by: Ross Zwisler <ross.zwisler@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Cc: Al Viro <viro@ftp.linux.org.uk>
Cc: Dan Williams <dan.j.williams@intel.com>
Cc: Dave Chinner <david@fromorbit.com>
Cc: Jens Axboe <axboe@fb.com>
Cc: Matthew Wilcox <matthew.r.wilcox@intel.com>
Cc: Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Commit 4167e9b2cf ("mm: remove GFP_THISNODE") removed the GFP_THISNODE
flag combination due to confusing semantics. It noted that
alloc_misplaced_dst_page() was one such user after changes made by
commit e97ca8e5b8 ("mm: fix GFP_THISNODE callers and clarify").
Unfortunately when GFP_THISNODE was removed, users of
alloc_misplaced_dst_page() started waking kswapd and entering direct
reclaim because the wrong GFP flags are cleared. The consequence is
that workloads that used to fit into memory now get reclaimed which is
addressed by this patch.
The problem can be demonstrated with "mutilate" that exercises memcached
which is software dedicated to memory object caching. The configuration
uses 80% of memory and is run 3 times for varying numbers of clients.
The results on a 4-socket NUMA box are
mutilate
4.4.0 4.4.0
vanilla numaswap-v1
Hmean 1 8394.71 ( 0.00%) 8395.32 ( 0.01%)
Hmean 4 30024.62 ( 0.00%) 34513.54 ( 14.95%)
Hmean 7 32821.08 ( 0.00%) 70542.96 (114.93%)
Hmean 12 55229.67 ( 0.00%) 93866.34 ( 69.96%)
Hmean 21 39438.96 ( 0.00%) 85749.21 (117.42%)
Hmean 30 37796.10 ( 0.00%) 50231.49 ( 32.90%)
Hmean 47 18070.91 ( 0.00%) 38530.13 (113.22%)
The metric is queries/second with the more the better. The results are
way outside of the noise and the reason for the improvement is obvious
from some of the vmstats
4.4.0 4.4.0
vanillanumaswap-v1r1
Minor Faults 1929399272 2146148218
Major Faults 19746529 3567
Swap Ins 57307366 9913
Swap Outs 50623229 17094
Allocation stalls 35909 443
DMA allocs 0 0
DMA32 allocs 72976349 170567396
Normal allocs 5306640898 5310651252
Movable allocs 0 0
Direct pages scanned 404130893 799577
Kswapd pages scanned 160230174 0
Kswapd pages reclaimed 55928786 0
Direct pages reclaimed 1843936 41921
Page writes file 2391 0
Page writes anon 50623229 17094
The vanilla kernel is swapping like crazy with large amounts of direct
reclaim and kswapd activity. The figures are aggregate but it's known
that the bad activity is throughout the entire test.
Note that simple streaming anon/file memory consumers also see this
problem but it's not as obvious. In those cases, kswapd is awake when
it should not be.
As there are at least two reclaim-related bugs out there, it's worth
spelling out the user-visible impact. This patch only addresses bugs
related to excessive reclaim on NUMA hardware when the working set is
larger than a NUMA node. There is a bug related to high kswapd CPU
usage but the reports are against laptops and other UMA hardware and is
not addressed by this patch.
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@techsingularity.net>
Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@suse.cz>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org> [4.1+]
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
pmd_trans_unstable()/pmd_none_or_trans_huge_or_clear_bad() were
introduced to locklessy (but atomically) detect when a pmd is a regular
(stable) pmd or when the pmd is unstable and can infinitely transition
from pmd_none() and pmd_trans_huge() from under us, while only holding
the mmap_sem for reading (for writing not).
While holding the mmap_sem only for reading, MADV_DONTNEED can run from
under us and so before we can assume the pmd to be a regular stable pmd
we need to compare it against pmd_none() and pmd_trans_huge() in an
atomic way, with pmd_trans_unstable(). The old pmd_trans_huge() left a
tiny window for a race.
Useful applications are unlikely to notice the difference as doing
MADV_DONTNEED concurrently with a page fault would lead to undefined
behavior.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: tidy up comment grammar/layout]
Signed-off-by: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Reported-by: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Sebastian Ott and Gerald Schaefer reported random crashes on s390.
It was bisected to my THP refcounting patchset.
The problem is that pmdp_invalidated() called with wrong virtual
address. It got offset up by HPAGE_PMD_SIZE by loop over ptes.
The solution is to introduce new variable to be used in loop and don't
touch 'haddr'.
Signed-off-by: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Reported-and-tested-by: Gerald Schaefer <gerald.schaefer@de.ibm.com>
Reported-and-tested-by Sebastian Ott <sebott@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Will Deacon <will.deacon@arm.com>
Cc: Christian Borntraeger <borntraeger@de.ibm.com>
Cc: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
Cc: Aneesh Kumar K.V <aneesh.kumar@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Sasha Levin <sasha.levin@oracle.com>
Cc: Jerome Marchand <jmarchan@redhat.com>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
- Fix build error on 32-bit with checkpoint restart from Aneesh Kumar
- Fix dedotify for binutils >= 2.26 from Andreas Schwab
- Don't trace hcalls on offline CPUs from Denis Kirjanov
- eeh: Fix stale cached primary bus from Gavin Shan
- eeh: Fix stale PE primary bus from Gavin Shan
- mm: Fix Multi hit ERAT cause by recent THP update from Aneesh Kumar K.V
- ioda: Set "read" permission when "write" is set from Alexey Kardashevskiy
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Merge tag 'powerpc-4.5-3' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/powerpc/linux
Pull powerpc fixes from Michael Ellerman:
- Fix build error on 32-bit with checkpoint restart from Aneesh Kumar
- Fix dedotify for binutils >= 2.26 from Andreas Schwab
- Don't trace hcalls on offline CPUs from Denis Kirjanov
- eeh: Fix stale cached primary bus from Gavin Shan
- eeh: Fix stale PE primary bus from Gavin Shan
- mm: Fix Multi hit ERAT cause by recent THP update from Aneesh Kumar K.V
- ioda: Set "read" permission when "write" is set from Alexey Kardashevskiy
* tag 'powerpc-4.5-3' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/powerpc/linux:
powerpc/ioda: Set "read" permission when "write" is set
powerpc/mm: Fix Multi hit ERAT cause by recent THP update
powerpc/powernv: Fix stale PE primary bus
powerpc/eeh: Fix stale cached primary bus
powerpc/pseries: Don't trace hcalls on offline CPUs
powerpc: Fix dedotify for binutils >= 2.26
powerpc/book3s_32: Fix build error with checkpoint restart
