Many source files in the tree are missing licensing information, which
makes it harder for compliance tools to determine the correct license.
By default all files without license information are under the default
license of the kernel, which is GPL version 2.
Update the files which contain no license information with the 'GPL-2.0'
SPDX license identifier. The SPDX identifier is a legally binding
shorthand, which can be used instead of the full boiler plate text.
This patch is based on work done by Thomas Gleixner and Kate Stewart and
Philippe Ombredanne.
How this work was done:
Patches were generated and checked against linux-4.14-rc6 for a subset of
the use cases:
- file had no licensing information it it.
- file was a */uapi/* one with no licensing information in it,
- file was a */uapi/* one with existing licensing information,
Further patches will be generated in subsequent months to fix up cases
where non-standard license headers were used, and references to license
had to be inferred by heuristics based on keywords.
The analysis to determine which SPDX License Identifier to be applied to
a file was done in a spreadsheet of side by side results from of the
output of two independent scanners (ScanCode & Windriver) producing SPDX
tag:value files created by Philippe Ombredanne. Philippe prepared the
base worksheet, and did an initial spot review of a few 1000 files.
The 4.13 kernel was the starting point of the analysis with 60,537 files
assessed. Kate Stewart did a file by file comparison of the scanner
results in the spreadsheet to determine which SPDX license identifier(s)
to be applied to the file. She confirmed any determination that was not
immediately clear with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.
Criteria used to select files for SPDX license identifier tagging was:
- Files considered eligible had to be source code files.
- Make and config files were included as candidates if they contained >5
lines of source
- File already had some variant of a license header in it (even if <5
lines).
All documentation files were explicitly excluded.
The following heuristics were used to determine which SPDX license
identifiers to apply.
- when both scanners couldn't find any license traces, file was
considered to have no license information in it, and the top level
COPYING file license applied.
For non */uapi/* files that summary was:
SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|-------
GPL-2.0 11139
and resulted in the first patch in this series.
If that file was a */uapi/* path one, it was "GPL-2.0 WITH
Linux-syscall-note" otherwise it was "GPL-2.0". Results of that was:
SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|-------
GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note 930
and resulted in the second patch in this series.
- if a file had some form of licensing information in it, and was one
of the */uapi/* ones, it was denoted with the Linux-syscall-note if
any GPL family license was found in the file or had no licensing in
it (per prior point). Results summary:
SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|------
GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note 270
GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 169
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-2-Clause) 21
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause) 17
LGPL-2.1+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 15
GPL-1.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 14
((GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause) 5
LGPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 4
LGPL-2.1 WITH Linux-syscall-note 3
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR MIT) 3
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) AND MIT) 1
and that resulted in the third patch in this series.
- when the two scanners agreed on the detected license(s), that became
the concluded license(s).
- when there was disagreement between the two scanners (one detected a
license but the other didn't, or they both detected different
licenses) a manual inspection of the file occurred.
- In most cases a manual inspection of the information in the file
resulted in a clear resolution of the license that should apply (and
which scanner probably needed to revisit its heuristics).
- When it was not immediately clear, the license identifier was
confirmed with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.
- If there was any question as to the appropriate license identifier,
the file was flagged for further research and to be revisited later
in time.
In total, over 70 hours of logged manual review was done on the
spreadsheet to determine the SPDX license identifiers to apply to the
source files by Kate, Philippe, Thomas and, in some cases, confirmation
by lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.
Kate also obtained a third independent scan of the 4.13 code base from
FOSSology, and compared selected files where the other two scanners
disagreed against that SPDX file, to see if there was new insights. The
Windriver scanner is based on an older version of FOSSology in part, so
they are related.
Thomas did random spot checks in about 500 files from the spreadsheets
for the uapi headers and agreed with SPDX license identifier in the
files he inspected. For the non-uapi files Thomas did random spot checks
in about 15000 files.
In initial set of patches against 4.14-rc6, 3 files were found to have
copy/paste license identifier errors, and have been fixed to reflect the
correct identifier.
Additionally Philippe spent 10 hours this week doing a detailed manual
inspection and review of the 12,461 patched files from the initial patch
version early this week with:
- a full scancode scan run, collecting the matched texts, detected
license ids and scores
- reviewing anything where there was a license detected (about 500+
files) to ensure that the applied SPDX license was correct
- reviewing anything where there was no detection but the patch license
was not GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note to ensure that the applied
SPDX license was correct
This produced a worksheet with 20 files needing minor correction. This
worksheet was then exported into 3 different .csv files for the
different types of files to be modified.
These .csv files were then reviewed by Greg. Thomas wrote a script to
parse the csv files and add the proper SPDX tag to the file, in the
format that the file expected. This script was further refined by Greg
based on the output to detect more types of files automatically and to
distinguish between header and source .c files (which need different
comment types.) Finally Greg ran the script using the .csv files to
generate the patches.
Reviewed-by: Kate Stewart <kstewart@linuxfoundation.org>
Reviewed-by: Philippe Ombredanne <pombredanne@nexb.com>
Reviewed-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Replace the arch specific versions of search_extable() and
sort_extable() with calls to the generic ones, which now support
relative exception tables as well.
Signed-off-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ard.biesheuvel@linaro.org>
Acked-by: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
The pgtable.c file is quite big, before it grows any larger split it
into pgtable.c, pgalloc.c and gmap.c. In addition move the gmap related
header definitions into the new gmap.h header and all of the pgste
helpers from pgtable.h to pgtable.c.
Signed-off-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
Move and rename init_storage_keys() to pageattr.c, so it can also be
used from the sclp memory hotplug code in order to initialize
storage keys.
Signed-off-by: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
This is more or less the same as the x86 page table dumper which was
merged four years ago: 926e5392 "x86: add code to dump the (kernel)
page tables for visual inspection by kernel developers".
We add a file at /sys/kernel/debug/kernel_page_tables for debugging
purposes so it's quite easy to see the kernel page table layout and
possible odd mappings:
---[ Identity Mapping ]---
0x0000000000000000-0x0000000000100000 1M PTE RW
---[ Kernel Image Start ]---
0x0000000000100000-0x0000000000800000 7M PMD RO
0x0000000000800000-0x00000000008a9000 676K PTE RO
0x00000000008a9000-0x0000000000900000 348K PTE RW
0x0000000000900000-0x0000000001500000 12M PMD RW
---[ Kernel Image End ]---
0x0000000001500000-0x0000000280000000 10219M PMD RW
0x0000000280000000-0x000003d280000000 3904G PUD I
---[ vmemmap Area ]---
0x000003d280000000-0x000003d288c00000 140M PTE RW
0x000003d288c00000-0x000003d300000000 1908M PMD I
0x000003d300000000-0x000003e000000000 52G PUD I
---[ vmalloc Area ]---
0x000003e000000000-0x000003e000009000 36K PTE RW
0x000003e000009000-0x000003e0000ee000 916K PTE I
0x000003e0000ee000-0x000003e000146000 352K PTE RW
0x000003e000146000-0x000003e000200000 744K PTE I
0x000003e000200000-0x000003e080000000 2046M PMD I
0x000003e080000000-0x0000040000000000 126G PUD I
This usually makes only sense for kernel developers. The output
with CONFIG_DEBUG_PAGEALLOC is not very helpful, because of the
huge number of mapped out pages, however I decided for the time
being to not add a !DEBUG_PAGEALLOC dependency.
Maybe it's helpful for somebody even with that option.
Signed-off-by: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
This is the s390 port of 70627654 "x86, extable: Switch to relative
exception table entries".
Reduces the size of our exception tables by 50% on 64 bit builds.
Signed-off-by: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
Implement write protection for kernel modules text and read-only
data sections by implementing set_memory_[ro|rw] on s390.
Since s390 has no execute bit in the pte's NX is not supported.
set_memory_[ro|rw] will only work on normal pages and not on
large pages, so in case a large page should be modified bail
out with a warning.
Signed-off-by: Jan Glauber <jang@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
Get rid of the PAGE_STATES config option and enable guest page hinting
by default.
It can be disabled by specifying "cmma=off" at the command line.
Signed-off-by: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
Add an s390 specific probe_kernel_write() function which allows to
write to the kernel text segment even if write protection is enabled.
This is implemented using the lra (load real address) and stura (store
using real address) instructions.
Signed-off-by: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
Use the existing arch_alloc_page/arch_free_page callbacks to do
the guest page state transitions between stable and unused.
Acked-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
This adds hugetlbfs support on System z, using both hardware large page
support if available and software large page emulation on older hardware.
Shared (large) page tables are implemented in software emulation mode,
by using page->index of the first tail page from a compound large page
to store page table information.
Signed-off-by: Gerald Schaefer <geraldsc@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
- De-confuse the defines for the address-space-control-elements
and the segment/region table entries.
- Create out of line functions for page table allocation / freeing.
- Simplify get_shadow_xxx functions.
Signed-off-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
Martin Schwidefsky wrote:
"s390 does not even need (in|out)b(_p|). I wondered what else from
io.h do we not need. The answer is: almost nothing. With the devres
patch from Al and the dma-mapping patch from Heiko we can get rid of
iomem and all associated definitions."
So we'll just need to replace NO_IOPORT with NO_IOMEM in Kconfig and
kill arch/s390/mm/ioremap.c.
BTW, there's an annoying bit of junk in there - IO_SPACE_LIMIT. We
only need it for /proc/ioports, which AFAICS shouldn't even be there
on s390 (or uml). OTOH, removing that thing would mean a user-visible
change - we go from "empty file in /proc" to "no such file in /proc"...
Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Virtual memmap support for s390. Inspired by the ia64 implementation.
Unlike ia64 we need a mechanism which allows us to dynamically attach
shared memory regions.
These memory regions are accessed via the dcss device driver. dcss
implements the 'direct_access' operation, which requires struct pages
for every single shared page.
Therefore this implementation provides an interface to attach/detach
shared memory:
int add_shared_memory(unsigned long start, unsigned long size);
int remove_shared_memory(unsigned long start, unsigned long size);
The purpose of the add_shared_memory function is to add the given
memory range to the 1:1 mapping and to make sure that the
corresponding range in the vmemmap is backed with physical pages.
It also initialises the new struct pages.
remove_shared_memory in turn only invalidates the page table
entries in the 1:1 mapping. The page tables and the memory used for
struct pages in the vmemmap are currently not freed. They will be
reused when the next segment will be attached.
Given that the maximum size of a shared memory region is 2GB and
in addition all regions must reside below 2GB this is not too much of
a restriction, but there is room for improvement.
Signed-off-by: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
Initial git repository build. I'm not bothering with the full history,
even though we have it. We can create a separate "historical" git
archive of that later if we want to, and in the meantime it's about
3.2GB when imported into git - space that would just make the early
git days unnecessarily complicated, when we don't have a lot of good
infrastructure for it.
Let it rip!
