dm mpath: add service time load balancer

This patch adds a service time oriented dynamic load balancer,
dm-service-time, which selects the path with the shortest estimated
service time for the incoming I/O.
The service time is estimated by dividing the in-flight I/O size
by a performance value of each path.

The performance value can be given as a table argument at the table
loading time.  If no performance value is given, all paths are
considered equal.

Signed-off-by: Kiyoshi Ueda <k-ueda@ct.jp.nec.com>
Signed-off-by: Jun'ichi Nomura <j-nomura@ce.jp.nec.com>
Signed-off-by: Alasdair G Kergon <agk@redhat.com>
This commit is contained in:
Kiyoshi Ueda 2009-06-22 10:12:28 +01:00 committed by Alasdair G Kergon
parent fd5e033908
commit f392ba889b
4 changed files with 441 additions and 0 deletions

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@ -0,0 +1,91 @@
dm-service-time
===============
dm-service-time is a path selector module for device-mapper targets,
which selects a path with the shortest estimated service time for
the incoming I/O.
The service time for each path is estimated by dividing the total size
of in-flight I/Os on a path with the performance value of the path.
The performance value is a relative throughput value among all paths
in a path-group, and it can be specified as a table argument.
The path selector name is 'service-time'.
Table parameters for each path: [<repeat_count> [<relative_throughput>]]
<repeat_count>: The number of I/Os to dispatch using the selected
path before switching to the next path.
If not given, internal default is used. To check
the default value, see the activated table.
<relative_throughput>: The relative throughput value of the path
among all paths in the path-group.
The valid range is 0-100.
If not given, minimum value '1' is used.
If '0' is given, the path isn't selected while
other paths having a positive value are available.
Status for each path: <status> <fail-count> <in-flight-size> \
<relative_throughput>
<status>: 'A' if the path is active, 'F' if the path is failed.
<fail-count>: The number of path failures.
<in-flight-size>: The size of in-flight I/Os on the path.
<relative_throughput>: The relative throughput value of the path
among all paths in the path-group.
Algorithm
=========
dm-service-time adds the I/O size to 'in-flight-size' when the I/O is
dispatched and substracts when completed.
Basically, dm-service-time selects a path having minimum service time
which is calculated by:
('in-flight-size' + 'size-of-incoming-io') / 'relative_throughput'
However, some optimizations below are used to reduce the calculation
as much as possible.
1. If the paths have the same 'relative_throughput', skip
the division and just compare the 'in-flight-size'.
2. If the paths have the same 'in-flight-size', skip the division
and just compare the 'relative_throughput'.
3. If some paths have non-zero 'relative_throughput' and others
have zero 'relative_throughput', ignore those paths with zero
'relative_throughput'.
If such optimizations can't be applied, calculate service time, and
compare service time.
If calculated service time is equal, the path having maximum
'relative_throughput' may be better. So compare 'relative_throughput'
then.
Examples
========
In case that 2 paths (sda and sdb) are used with repeat_count == 128
and sda has an average throughput 1GB/s and sdb has 4GB/s,
'relative_throughput' value may be '1' for sda and '4' for sdb.
# echo "0 10 multipath 0 0 1 1 service-time 0 2 2 8:0 128 1 8:16 128 4" \
dmsetup create test
#
# dmsetup table
test: 0 10 multipath 0 0 1 1 service-time 0 2 2 8:0 128 1 8:16 128 4
#
# dmsetup status
test: 0 10 multipath 2 0 0 0 1 1 E 0 2 2 8:0 A 0 0 1 8:16 A 0 0 4
Or '2' for sda and '8' for sdb would be also true.
# echo "0 10 multipath 0 0 1 1 service-time 0 2 2 8:0 128 2 8:16 128 8" \
dmsetup create test
#
# dmsetup table
test: 0 10 multipath 0 0 1 1 service-time 0 2 2 8:0 128 2 8:16 128 8
#
# dmsetup status
test: 0 10 multipath 2 0 0 0 1 1 E 0 2 2 8:0 A 0 0 2 8:16 A 0 0 8

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@ -258,6 +258,16 @@ config DM_MULTIPATH_QL
If unsure, say N.
config DM_MULTIPATH_ST
tristate "I/O Path Selector based on the service time"
depends on DM_MULTIPATH
---help---
This path selector is a dynamic load balancer which selects
the path expected to complete the incoming I/O in the shortest
time.
If unsure, say N.
config DM_DELAY
tristate "I/O delaying target (EXPERIMENTAL)"
depends on BLK_DEV_DM && EXPERIMENTAL

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@ -37,6 +37,7 @@ obj-$(CONFIG_DM_CRYPT) += dm-crypt.o
obj-$(CONFIG_DM_DELAY) += dm-delay.o
obj-$(CONFIG_DM_MULTIPATH) += dm-multipath.o dm-round-robin.o
obj-$(CONFIG_DM_MULTIPATH_QL) += dm-queue-length.o
obj-$(CONFIG_DM_MULTIPATH_ST) += dm-service-time.o
obj-$(CONFIG_DM_SNAPSHOT) += dm-snapshot.o
obj-$(CONFIG_DM_MIRROR) += dm-mirror.o dm-log.o dm-region-hash.o
obj-$(CONFIG_DM_ZERO) += dm-zero.o

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/*
* Copyright (C) 2007-2009 NEC Corporation. All Rights Reserved.
*
* Module Author: Kiyoshi Ueda
*
* This file is released under the GPL.
*
* Throughput oriented path selector.
*/
#include "dm.h"
#include "dm-path-selector.h"
#define DM_MSG_PREFIX "multipath service-time"
#define ST_MIN_IO 1
#define ST_MAX_RELATIVE_THROUGHPUT 100
#define ST_MAX_RELATIVE_THROUGHPUT_SHIFT 7
#define ST_MAX_INFLIGHT_SIZE ((size_t)-1 >> ST_MAX_RELATIVE_THROUGHPUT_SHIFT)
#define ST_VERSION "0.2.0"
struct selector {
struct list_head valid_paths;
struct list_head failed_paths;
};
struct path_info {
struct list_head list;
struct dm_path *path;
unsigned repeat_count;
unsigned relative_throughput;
atomic_t in_flight_size; /* Total size of in-flight I/Os */
};
static struct selector *alloc_selector(void)
{
struct selector *s = kmalloc(sizeof(*s), GFP_KERNEL);
if (s) {
INIT_LIST_HEAD(&s->valid_paths);
INIT_LIST_HEAD(&s->failed_paths);
}
return s;
}
static int st_create(struct path_selector *ps, unsigned argc, char **argv)
{
struct selector *s = alloc_selector();
if (!s)
return -ENOMEM;
ps->context = s;
return 0;
}
static void free_paths(struct list_head *paths)
{
struct path_info *pi, *next;
list_for_each_entry_safe(pi, next, paths, list) {
list_del(&pi->list);
kfree(pi);
}
}
static void st_destroy(struct path_selector *ps)
{
struct selector *s = ps->context;
free_paths(&s->valid_paths);
free_paths(&s->failed_paths);
kfree(s);
ps->context = NULL;
}
static int st_status(struct path_selector *ps, struct dm_path *path,
status_type_t type, char *result, unsigned maxlen)
{
unsigned sz = 0;
struct path_info *pi;
if (!path)
DMEMIT("0 ");
else {
pi = path->pscontext;
switch (type) {
case STATUSTYPE_INFO:
DMEMIT("%d %u ", atomic_read(&pi->in_flight_size),
pi->relative_throughput);
break;
case STATUSTYPE_TABLE:
DMEMIT("%u %u ", pi->repeat_count,
pi->relative_throughput);
break;
}
}
return sz;
}
static int st_add_path(struct path_selector *ps, struct dm_path *path,
int argc, char **argv, char **error)
{
struct selector *s = ps->context;
struct path_info *pi;
unsigned repeat_count = ST_MIN_IO;
unsigned relative_throughput = 1;
/*
* Arguments: [<repeat_count> [<relative_throughput>]]
* <repeat_count>: The number of I/Os before switching path.
* If not given, default (ST_MIN_IO) is used.
* <relative_throughput>: The relative throughput value of
* the path among all paths in the path-group.
* The valid range: 0-<ST_MAX_RELATIVE_THROUGHPUT>
* If not given, minimum value '1' is used.
* If '0' is given, the path isn't selected while
* other paths having a positive value are
* available.
*/
if (argc > 2) {
*error = "service-time ps: incorrect number of arguments";
return -EINVAL;
}
if (argc && (sscanf(argv[0], "%u", &repeat_count) != 1)) {
*error = "service-time ps: invalid repeat count";
return -EINVAL;
}
if ((argc == 2) &&
(sscanf(argv[1], "%u", &relative_throughput) != 1 ||
relative_throughput > ST_MAX_RELATIVE_THROUGHPUT)) {
*error = "service-time ps: invalid relative_throughput value";
return -EINVAL;
}
/* allocate the path */
pi = kmalloc(sizeof(*pi), GFP_KERNEL);
if (!pi) {
*error = "service-time ps: Error allocating path context";
return -ENOMEM;
}
pi->path = path;
pi->repeat_count = repeat_count;
pi->relative_throughput = relative_throughput;
atomic_set(&pi->in_flight_size, 0);
path->pscontext = pi;
list_add_tail(&pi->list, &s->valid_paths);
return 0;
}
static void st_fail_path(struct path_selector *ps, struct dm_path *path)
{
struct selector *s = ps->context;
struct path_info *pi = path->pscontext;
list_move(&pi->list, &s->failed_paths);
}
static int st_reinstate_path(struct path_selector *ps, struct dm_path *path)
{
struct selector *s = ps->context;
struct path_info *pi = path->pscontext;
list_move_tail(&pi->list, &s->valid_paths);
return 0;
}
/*
* Compare the estimated service time of 2 paths, pi1 and pi2,
* for the incoming I/O.
*
* Returns:
* < 0 : pi1 is better
* 0 : no difference between pi1 and pi2
* > 0 : pi2 is better
*
* Description:
* Basically, the service time is estimated by:
* ('pi->in-flight-size' + 'incoming') / 'pi->relative_throughput'
* To reduce the calculation, some optimizations are made.
* (See comments inline)
*/
static int st_compare_load(struct path_info *pi1, struct path_info *pi2,
size_t incoming)
{
size_t sz1, sz2, st1, st2;
sz1 = atomic_read(&pi1->in_flight_size);
sz2 = atomic_read(&pi2->in_flight_size);
/*
* Case 1: Both have same throughput value. Choose less loaded path.
*/
if (pi1->relative_throughput == pi2->relative_throughput)
return sz1 - sz2;
/*
* Case 2a: Both have same load. Choose higher throughput path.
* Case 2b: One path has no throughput value. Choose the other one.
*/
if (sz1 == sz2 ||
!pi1->relative_throughput || !pi2->relative_throughput)
return pi2->relative_throughput - pi1->relative_throughput;
/*
* Case 3: Calculate service time. Choose faster path.
* Service time using pi1:
* st1 = (sz1 + incoming) / pi1->relative_throughput
* Service time using pi2:
* st2 = (sz2 + incoming) / pi2->relative_throughput
*
* To avoid the division, transform the expression to use
* multiplication.
* Because ->relative_throughput > 0 here, if st1 < st2,
* the expressions below are the same meaning:
* (sz1 + incoming) / pi1->relative_throughput <
* (sz2 + incoming) / pi2->relative_throughput
* (sz1 + incoming) * pi2->relative_throughput <
* (sz2 + incoming) * pi1->relative_throughput
* So use the later one.
*/
sz1 += incoming;
sz2 += incoming;
if (unlikely(sz1 >= ST_MAX_INFLIGHT_SIZE ||
sz2 >= ST_MAX_INFLIGHT_SIZE)) {
/*
* Size may be too big for multiplying pi->relative_throughput
* and overflow.
* To avoid the overflow and mis-selection, shift down both.
*/
sz1 >>= ST_MAX_RELATIVE_THROUGHPUT_SHIFT;
sz2 >>= ST_MAX_RELATIVE_THROUGHPUT_SHIFT;
}
st1 = sz1 * pi2->relative_throughput;
st2 = sz2 * pi1->relative_throughput;
if (st1 != st2)
return st1 - st2;
/*
* Case 4: Service time is equal. Choose higher throughput path.
*/
return pi2->relative_throughput - pi1->relative_throughput;
}
static struct dm_path *st_select_path(struct path_selector *ps,
unsigned *repeat_count, size_t nr_bytes)
{
struct selector *s = ps->context;
struct path_info *pi = NULL, *best = NULL;
if (list_empty(&s->valid_paths))
return NULL;
/* Change preferred (first in list) path to evenly balance. */
list_move_tail(s->valid_paths.next, &s->valid_paths);
list_for_each_entry(pi, &s->valid_paths, list)
if (!best || (st_compare_load(pi, best, nr_bytes) < 0))
best = pi;
if (!best)
return NULL;
*repeat_count = best->repeat_count;
return best->path;
}
static int st_start_io(struct path_selector *ps, struct dm_path *path,
size_t nr_bytes)
{
struct path_info *pi = path->pscontext;
atomic_add(nr_bytes, &pi->in_flight_size);
return 0;
}
static int st_end_io(struct path_selector *ps, struct dm_path *path,
size_t nr_bytes)
{
struct path_info *pi = path->pscontext;
atomic_sub(nr_bytes, &pi->in_flight_size);
return 0;
}
static struct path_selector_type st_ps = {
.name = "service-time",
.module = THIS_MODULE,
.table_args = 2,
.info_args = 2,
.create = st_create,
.destroy = st_destroy,
.status = st_status,
.add_path = st_add_path,
.fail_path = st_fail_path,
.reinstate_path = st_reinstate_path,
.select_path = st_select_path,
.start_io = st_start_io,
.end_io = st_end_io,
};
static int __init dm_st_init(void)
{
int r = dm_register_path_selector(&st_ps);
if (r < 0)
DMERR("register failed %d", r);
DMINFO("version " ST_VERSION " loaded");
return r;
}
static void __exit dm_st_exit(void)
{
int r = dm_unregister_path_selector(&st_ps);
if (r < 0)
DMERR("unregister failed %d", r);
}
module_init(dm_st_init);
module_exit(dm_st_exit);
MODULE_DESCRIPTION(DM_NAME " throughput oriented path selector");
MODULE_AUTHOR("Kiyoshi Ueda <k-ueda@ct.jp.nec.com>");
MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");