diff --git a/fs/cachefiles/io.c b/fs/cachefiles/io.c
index e667dbcd20e8..a91acd03ee12 100644
--- a/fs/cachefiles/io.c
+++ b/fs/cachefiles/io.c
@@ -630,7 +630,7 @@ static void cachefiles_prepare_write_subreq(struct netfs_io_subrequest *subreq)
 
 	_enter("W=%x[%x] %llx", wreq->debug_id, subreq->debug_index, subreq->start);
 
-	subreq->max_len = ULONG_MAX;
+	subreq->max_len = MAX_RW_COUNT;
 	subreq->max_nr_segs = BIO_MAX_VECS;
 
 	if (!cachefiles_cres_file(cres)) {
diff --git a/fs/inode.c b/fs/inode.c
index f356fe2ec2b6..470b57ef1cf5 100644
--- a/fs/inode.c
+++ b/fs/inode.c
@@ -676,6 +676,16 @@ static void evict(struct inode *inode)
 
 	remove_inode_hash(inode);
 
+	/*
+	 * Wake up waiters in __wait_on_freeing_inode().
+	 *
+	 * Lockless hash lookup may end up finding the inode before we removed
+	 * it above, but only lock it *after* we are done with the wakeup below.
+	 * In this case the potential waiter cannot safely block.
+	 *
+	 * The inode being unhashed after the call to remove_inode_hash() is
+	 * used as an indicator whether blocking on it is safe.
+	 */
 	spin_lock(&inode->i_lock);
 	wake_up_bit(&inode->i_state, __I_NEW);
 	BUG_ON(inode->i_state != (I_FREEING | I_CLEAR));
@@ -888,18 +898,18 @@ long prune_icache_sb(struct super_block *sb, struct shrink_control *sc)
 	return freed;
 }
 
-static void __wait_on_freeing_inode(struct inode *inode, bool locked);
+static void __wait_on_freeing_inode(struct inode *inode, bool is_inode_hash_locked);
 /*
  * Called with the inode lock held.
  */
 static struct inode *find_inode(struct super_block *sb,
 				struct hlist_head *head,
 				int (*test)(struct inode *, void *),
-				void *data, bool locked)
+				void *data, bool is_inode_hash_locked)
 {
 	struct inode *inode = NULL;
 
-	if (locked)
+	if (is_inode_hash_locked)
 		lockdep_assert_held(&inode_hash_lock);
 	else
 		lockdep_assert_not_held(&inode_hash_lock);
@@ -913,7 +923,7 @@ repeat:
 			continue;
 		spin_lock(&inode->i_lock);
 		if (inode->i_state & (I_FREEING|I_WILL_FREE)) {
-			__wait_on_freeing_inode(inode, locked);
+			__wait_on_freeing_inode(inode, is_inode_hash_locked);
 			goto repeat;
 		}
 		if (unlikely(inode->i_state & I_CREATING)) {
@@ -936,11 +946,11 @@ repeat:
  */
 static struct inode *find_inode_fast(struct super_block *sb,
 				struct hlist_head *head, unsigned long ino,
-				bool locked)
+				bool is_inode_hash_locked)
 {
 	struct inode *inode = NULL;
 
-	if (locked)
+	if (is_inode_hash_locked)
 		lockdep_assert_held(&inode_hash_lock);
 	else
 		lockdep_assert_not_held(&inode_hash_lock);
@@ -954,7 +964,7 @@ repeat:
 			continue;
 		spin_lock(&inode->i_lock);
 		if (inode->i_state & (I_FREEING|I_WILL_FREE)) {
-			__wait_on_freeing_inode(inode, locked);
+			__wait_on_freeing_inode(inode, is_inode_hash_locked);
 			goto repeat;
 		}
 		if (unlikely(inode->i_state & I_CREATING)) {
@@ -2287,19 +2297,29 @@ EXPORT_SYMBOL(inode_needs_sync);
  * wake_up_bit(&inode->i_state, __I_NEW) after removing from the hash list
  * will DTRT.
  */
-static void __wait_on_freeing_inode(struct inode *inode, bool locked)
+static void __wait_on_freeing_inode(struct inode *inode, bool is_inode_hash_locked)
 {
 	wait_queue_head_t *wq;
 	DEFINE_WAIT_BIT(wait, &inode->i_state, __I_NEW);
+
+	/*
+	 * Handle racing against evict(), see that routine for more details.
+	 */
+	if (unlikely(inode_unhashed(inode))) {
+		WARN_ON(is_inode_hash_locked);
+		spin_unlock(&inode->i_lock);
+		return;
+	}
+
 	wq = bit_waitqueue(&inode->i_state, __I_NEW);
 	prepare_to_wait(wq, &wait.wq_entry, TASK_UNINTERRUPTIBLE);
 	spin_unlock(&inode->i_lock);
 	rcu_read_unlock();
-	if (locked)
+	if (is_inode_hash_locked)
 		spin_unlock(&inode_hash_lock);
 	schedule();
 	finish_wait(wq, &wait.wq_entry);
-	if (locked)
+	if (is_inode_hash_locked)
 		spin_lock(&inode_hash_lock);
 	rcu_read_lock();
 }
diff --git a/fs/locks.c b/fs/locks.c
index bdd94c32256f..9afb16e0683f 100644
--- a/fs/locks.c
+++ b/fs/locks.c
@@ -2570,8 +2570,9 @@ int fcntl_setlk64(unsigned int fd, struct file *filp, unsigned int cmd,
 	error = do_lock_file_wait(filp, cmd, file_lock);
 
 	/*
-	 * Attempt to detect a close/fcntl race and recover by releasing the
-	 * lock that was just acquired. There is no need to do that when we're
+	 * Detect close/fcntl races and recover by zapping all POSIX locks
+	 * associated with this file and our files_struct, just like on
+	 * filp_flush(). There is no need to do that when we're
 	 * unlocking though, or for OFD locks.
 	 */
 	if (!error && file_lock->c.flc_type != F_UNLCK &&
@@ -2586,9 +2587,7 @@ int fcntl_setlk64(unsigned int fd, struct file *filp, unsigned int cmd,
 		f = files_lookup_fd_locked(files, fd);
 		spin_unlock(&files->file_lock);
 		if (f != filp) {
-			file_lock->c.flc_type = F_UNLCK;
-			error = do_lock_file_wait(filp, cmd, file_lock);
-			WARN_ON_ONCE(error);
+			locks_remove_posix(filp, files);
 			error = -EBADF;
 		}
 	}
diff --git a/fs/namei.c b/fs/namei.c
index 3a4c40e12f78..5512cb10fa89 100644
--- a/fs/namei.c
+++ b/fs/namei.c
@@ -3248,9 +3248,9 @@ static inline umode_t vfs_prepare_mode(struct mnt_idmap *idmap,
 /**
  * vfs_create - create new file
  * @idmap:	idmap of the mount the inode was found from
- * @dir:	inode of @dentry
- * @dentry:	pointer to dentry of the base directory
- * @mode:	mode of the new file
+ * @dir:	inode of the parent directory
+ * @dentry:	dentry of the child file
+ * @mode:	mode of the child file
  * @want_excl:	whether the file must not yet exist
  *
  * Create a new file.
@@ -4047,9 +4047,9 @@ EXPORT_SYMBOL(user_path_create);
 /**
  * vfs_mknod - create device node or file
  * @idmap:	idmap of the mount the inode was found from
- * @dir:	inode of @dentry
- * @dentry:	pointer to dentry of the base directory
- * @mode:	mode of the new device node or file
+ * @dir:	inode of the parent directory
+ * @dentry:	dentry of the child device node
+ * @mode:	mode of the child device node
  * @dev:	device number of device to create
  *
  * Create a device node or file.
@@ -4174,9 +4174,9 @@ SYSCALL_DEFINE3(mknod, const char __user *, filename, umode_t, mode, unsigned, d
 /**
  * vfs_mkdir - create directory
  * @idmap:	idmap of the mount the inode was found from
- * @dir:	inode of @dentry
- * @dentry:	pointer to dentry of the base directory
- * @mode:	mode of the new directory
+ * @dir:	inode of the parent directory
+ * @dentry:	dentry of the child directory
+ * @mode:	mode of the child directory
  *
  * Create a directory.
  *
@@ -4256,8 +4256,8 @@ SYSCALL_DEFINE2(mkdir, const char __user *, pathname, umode_t, mode)
 /**
  * vfs_rmdir - remove directory
  * @idmap:	idmap of the mount the inode was found from
- * @dir:	inode of @dentry
- * @dentry:	pointer to dentry of the base directory
+ * @dir:	inode of the parent directory
+ * @dentry:	dentry of the child directory
  *
  * Remove a directory.
  *
@@ -4537,8 +4537,8 @@ SYSCALL_DEFINE1(unlink, const char __user *, pathname)
 /**
  * vfs_symlink - create symlink
  * @idmap:	idmap of the mount the inode was found from
- * @dir:	inode of @dentry
- * @dentry:	pointer to dentry of the base directory
+ * @dir:	inode of the parent directory
+ * @dentry:	dentry of the child symlink file
  * @oldname:	name of the file to link to
  *
  * Create a symlink.
diff --git a/fs/namespace.c b/fs/namespace.c
index 221db9de4729..328087a4df8a 100644
--- a/fs/namespace.c
+++ b/fs/namespace.c
@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ static DEFINE_IDA(mnt_id_ida);
 static DEFINE_IDA(mnt_group_ida);
 
 /* Don't allow confusion with old 32bit mount ID */
-#define MNT_UNIQUE_ID_OFFSET (1ULL << 32)
+#define MNT_UNIQUE_ID_OFFSET (1ULL << 31)
 static atomic64_t mnt_id_ctr = ATOMIC64_INIT(MNT_UNIQUE_ID_OFFSET);
 
 static struct hlist_head *mount_hashtable __ro_after_init;
diff --git a/fs/netfs/Kconfig b/fs/netfs/Kconfig
index bec805e0c44c..1b78e8b65ebc 100644
--- a/fs/netfs/Kconfig
+++ b/fs/netfs/Kconfig
@@ -22,6 +22,14 @@ config NETFS_STATS
 	  between CPUs.  On the other hand, the stats are very useful for
 	  debugging purposes.  Saying 'Y' here is recommended.
 
+config NETFS_DEBUG
+	bool "Enable dynamic debugging netfslib and FS-Cache"
+	depends on NETFS
+	help
+	  This permits debugging to be dynamically enabled in the local caching
+	  management module.  If this is set, the debugging output may be
+	  enabled by setting bits in /sys/module/netfs/parameters/debug.
+
 config FSCACHE
 	bool "General filesystem local caching manager"
 	depends on NETFS_SUPPORT
@@ -50,13 +58,3 @@ config FSCACHE_STATS
 	  debugging purposes.  Saying 'Y' here is recommended.
 
 	  See Documentation/filesystems/caching/fscache.rst for more information.
-
-config FSCACHE_DEBUG
-	bool "Debug FS-Cache"
-	depends on FSCACHE
-	help
-	  This permits debugging to be dynamically enabled in the local caching
-	  management module.  If this is set, the debugging output may be
-	  enabled by setting bits in /sys/modules/fscache/parameter/debug.
-
-	  See Documentation/filesystems/caching/fscache.rst for more information.
diff --git a/fs/netfs/buffered_read.c b/fs/netfs/buffered_read.c
index a6d5d07cd436..a688d4c75d99 100644
--- a/fs/netfs/buffered_read.c
+++ b/fs/netfs/buffered_read.c
@@ -117,7 +117,7 @@ void netfs_rreq_unlock_folios(struct netfs_io_request *rreq)
 		if (!test_bit(NETFS_RREQ_DONT_UNLOCK_FOLIOS, &rreq->flags)) {
 			if (folio->index == rreq->no_unlock_folio &&
 			    test_bit(NETFS_RREQ_NO_UNLOCK_FOLIO, &rreq->flags))
-				kdebug("no unlock");
+				_debug("no unlock");
 			else
 				folio_unlock(folio);
 		}
@@ -204,7 +204,7 @@ void netfs_readahead(struct readahead_control *ractl)
 	struct netfs_inode *ctx = netfs_inode(ractl->mapping->host);
 	int ret;
 
-	kenter("%lx,%x", readahead_index(ractl), readahead_count(ractl));
+	_enter("%lx,%x", readahead_index(ractl), readahead_count(ractl));
 
 	if (readahead_count(ractl) == 0)
 		return;
@@ -268,7 +268,7 @@ int netfs_read_folio(struct file *file, struct folio *folio)
 	struct folio *sink = NULL;
 	int ret;
 
-	kenter("%lx", folio->index);
+	_enter("%lx", folio->index);
 
 	rreq = netfs_alloc_request(mapping, file,
 				   folio_pos(folio), folio_size(folio),
@@ -508,7 +508,7 @@ retry:
 
 have_folio:
 	*_folio = folio;
-	kleave(" = 0");
+	_leave(" = 0");
 	return 0;
 
 error_put:
@@ -518,7 +518,7 @@ error:
 		folio_unlock(folio);
 		folio_put(folio);
 	}
-	kleave(" = %d", ret);
+	_leave(" = %d", ret);
 	return ret;
 }
 EXPORT_SYMBOL(netfs_write_begin);
@@ -536,7 +536,7 @@ int netfs_prefetch_for_write(struct file *file, struct folio *folio,
 	size_t flen = folio_size(folio);
 	int ret;
 
-	kenter("%zx @%llx", flen, start);
+	_enter("%zx @%llx", flen, start);
 
 	ret = -ENOMEM;
 
@@ -567,7 +567,7 @@ int netfs_prefetch_for_write(struct file *file, struct folio *folio,
 error_put:
 	netfs_put_request(rreq, false, netfs_rreq_trace_put_discard);
 error:
-	kleave(" = %d", ret);
+	_leave(" = %d", ret);
 	return ret;
 }
 
diff --git a/fs/netfs/buffered_write.c b/fs/netfs/buffered_write.c
index 68a3f1383cee..4726c315453c 100644
--- a/fs/netfs/buffered_write.c
+++ b/fs/netfs/buffered_write.c
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ static enum netfs_how_to_modify netfs_how_to_modify(struct netfs_inode *ctx,
 	struct netfs_group *group = netfs_folio_group(folio);
 	loff_t pos = folio_pos(folio);
 
-	kenter("");
+	_enter("");
 
 	if (group != netfs_group && group != NETFS_FOLIO_COPY_TO_CACHE)
 		return NETFS_FLUSH_CONTENT;
@@ -272,12 +272,12 @@ ssize_t netfs_perform_write(struct kiocb *iocb, struct iov_iter *iter,
 		 */
 		howto = netfs_how_to_modify(ctx, file, folio, netfs_group,
 					    flen, offset, part, maybe_trouble);
-		kdebug("howto %u", howto);
+		_debug("howto %u", howto);
 		switch (howto) {
 		case NETFS_JUST_PREFETCH:
 			ret = netfs_prefetch_for_write(file, folio, offset, part);
 			if (ret < 0) {
-				kdebug("prefetch = %zd", ret);
+				_debug("prefetch = %zd", ret);
 				goto error_folio_unlock;
 			}
 			break;
@@ -418,7 +418,7 @@ out:
 	}
 
 	iocb->ki_pos += written;
-	kleave(" = %zd [%zd]", written, ret);
+	_leave(" = %zd [%zd]", written, ret);
 	return written ? written : ret;
 
 error_folio_unlock:
@@ -491,7 +491,7 @@ ssize_t netfs_file_write_iter(struct kiocb *iocb, struct iov_iter *from)
 	struct netfs_inode *ictx = netfs_inode(inode);
 	ssize_t ret;
 
-	kenter("%llx,%zx,%llx", iocb->ki_pos, iov_iter_count(from), i_size_read(inode));
+	_enter("%llx,%zx,%llx", iocb->ki_pos, iov_iter_count(from), i_size_read(inode));
 
 	if (!iov_iter_count(from))
 		return 0;
@@ -529,7 +529,7 @@ vm_fault_t netfs_page_mkwrite(struct vm_fault *vmf, struct netfs_group *netfs_gr
 	vm_fault_t ret = VM_FAULT_RETRY;
 	int err;
 
-	kenter("%lx", folio->index);
+	_enter("%lx", folio->index);
 
 	sb_start_pagefault(inode->i_sb);
 
diff --git a/fs/netfs/direct_read.c b/fs/netfs/direct_read.c
index b6debac6205f..10a1e4da6bda 100644
--- a/fs/netfs/direct_read.c
+++ b/fs/netfs/direct_read.c
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ ssize_t netfs_unbuffered_read_iter_locked(struct kiocb *iocb, struct iov_iter *i
 	size_t orig_count = iov_iter_count(iter);
 	bool async = !is_sync_kiocb(iocb);
 
-	kenter("");
+	_enter("");
 
 	if (!orig_count)
 		return 0; /* Don't update atime */
diff --git a/fs/netfs/direct_write.c b/fs/netfs/direct_write.c
index 792ef17bae21..88f2adfab75e 100644
--- a/fs/netfs/direct_write.c
+++ b/fs/netfs/direct_write.c
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ ssize_t netfs_unbuffered_write_iter_locked(struct kiocb *iocb, struct iov_iter *
 	size_t len = iov_iter_count(iter);
 	bool async = !is_sync_kiocb(iocb);
 
-	kenter("");
+	_enter("");
 
 	/* We're going to need a bounce buffer if what we transmit is going to
 	 * be different in some way to the source buffer, e.g. because it gets
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ ssize_t netfs_unbuffered_write_iter_locked(struct kiocb *iocb, struct iov_iter *
 	 */
 	// TODO
 
-	kdebug("uw %llx-%llx", start, end);
+	_debug("uw %llx-%llx", start, end);
 
 	wreq = netfs_create_write_req(iocb->ki_filp->f_mapping, iocb->ki_filp, start,
 				      iocb->ki_flags & IOCB_DIRECT ?
@@ -96,7 +96,7 @@ ssize_t netfs_unbuffered_write_iter_locked(struct kiocb *iocb, struct iov_iter *
 	wreq->cleanup = netfs_cleanup_dio_write;
 	ret = netfs_unbuffered_write(wreq, is_sync_kiocb(iocb), wreq->len);
 	if (ret < 0) {
-		kdebug("begin = %zd", ret);
+		_debug("begin = %zd", ret);
 		goto out;
 	}
 
@@ -143,7 +143,7 @@ ssize_t netfs_unbuffered_write_iter(struct kiocb *iocb, struct iov_iter *from)
 	loff_t pos = iocb->ki_pos;
 	unsigned long long end = pos + iov_iter_count(from) - 1;
 
-	kenter("%llx,%zx,%llx", pos, iov_iter_count(from), i_size_read(inode));
+	_enter("%llx,%zx,%llx", pos, iov_iter_count(from), i_size_read(inode));
 
 	if (!iov_iter_count(from))
 		return 0;
diff --git a/fs/netfs/fscache_cache.c b/fs/netfs/fscache_cache.c
index 288a73c3072d..9397ed39b0b4 100644
--- a/fs/netfs/fscache_cache.c
+++ b/fs/netfs/fscache_cache.c
@@ -237,7 +237,7 @@ int fscache_add_cache(struct fscache_cache *cache,
 {
 	int n_accesses;
 
-	kenter("{%s,%s}", ops->name, cache->name);
+	_enter("{%s,%s}", ops->name, cache->name);
 
 	BUG_ON(fscache_cache_state(cache) != FSCACHE_CACHE_IS_PREPARING);
 
@@ -257,7 +257,7 @@ int fscache_add_cache(struct fscache_cache *cache,
 
 	up_write(&fscache_addremove_sem);
 	pr_notice("Cache \"%s\" added (type %s)\n", cache->name, ops->name);
-	kleave(" = 0 [%s]", cache->name);
+	_leave(" = 0 [%s]", cache->name);
 	return 0;
 }
 EXPORT_SYMBOL(fscache_add_cache);
diff --git a/fs/netfs/fscache_cookie.c b/fs/netfs/fscache_cookie.c
index 4d1e8bf4c615..bce2492186d0 100644
--- a/fs/netfs/fscache_cookie.c
+++ b/fs/netfs/fscache_cookie.c
@@ -456,7 +456,7 @@ struct fscache_cookie *__fscache_acquire_cookie(
 {
 	struct fscache_cookie *cookie;
 
-	kenter("V=%x", volume->debug_id);
+	_enter("V=%x", volume->debug_id);
 
 	if (!index_key || !index_key_len || index_key_len > 255 || aux_data_len > 255)
 		return NULL;
@@ -484,7 +484,7 @@ struct fscache_cookie *__fscache_acquire_cookie(
 
 	trace_fscache_acquire(cookie);
 	fscache_stat(&fscache_n_acquires_ok);
-	kleave(" = c=%08x", cookie->debug_id);
+	_leave(" = c=%08x", cookie->debug_id);
 	return cookie;
 }
 EXPORT_SYMBOL(__fscache_acquire_cookie);
@@ -505,7 +505,7 @@ static void fscache_perform_lookup(struct fscache_cookie *cookie)
 	enum fscache_access_trace trace = fscache_access_lookup_cookie_end_failed;
 	bool need_withdraw = false;
 
-	kenter("");
+	_enter("");
 
 	if (!cookie->volume->cache_priv) {
 		fscache_create_volume(cookie->volume, true);
@@ -519,7 +519,7 @@ static void fscache_perform_lookup(struct fscache_cookie *cookie)
 		if (cookie->state != FSCACHE_COOKIE_STATE_FAILED)
 			fscache_set_cookie_state(cookie, FSCACHE_COOKIE_STATE_QUIESCENT);
 		need_withdraw = true;
-		kleave(" [fail]");
+		_leave(" [fail]");
 		goto out;
 	}
 
@@ -572,7 +572,7 @@ void __fscache_use_cookie(struct fscache_cookie *cookie, bool will_modify)
 	bool queue = false;
 	int n_active;
 
-	kenter("c=%08x", cookie->debug_id);
+	_enter("c=%08x", cookie->debug_id);
 
 	if (WARN(test_bit(FSCACHE_COOKIE_RELINQUISHED, &cookie->flags),
 		 "Trying to use relinquished cookie\n"))
@@ -636,7 +636,7 @@ again:
 	spin_unlock(&cookie->lock);
 	if (queue)
 		fscache_queue_cookie(cookie, fscache_cookie_get_use_work);
-	kleave("");
+	_leave("");
 }
 EXPORT_SYMBOL(__fscache_use_cookie);
 
@@ -702,7 +702,7 @@ static void fscache_cookie_state_machine(struct fscache_cookie *cookie)
 	enum fscache_cookie_state state;
 	bool wake = false;
 
-	kenter("c=%x", cookie->debug_id);
+	_enter("c=%x", cookie->debug_id);
 
 again:
 	spin_lock(&cookie->lock);
@@ -820,7 +820,7 @@ out:
 	spin_unlock(&cookie->lock);
 	if (wake)
 		wake_up_cookie_state(cookie);
-	kleave("");
+	_leave("");
 }
 
 static void fscache_cookie_worker(struct work_struct *work)
@@ -867,7 +867,7 @@ static void fscache_cookie_lru_do_one(struct fscache_cookie *cookie)
 		set_bit(FSCACHE_COOKIE_DO_LRU_DISCARD, &cookie->flags);
 		spin_unlock(&cookie->lock);
 		fscache_stat(&fscache_n_cookies_lru_expired);
-		kdebug("lru c=%x", cookie->debug_id);
+		_debug("lru c=%x", cookie->debug_id);
 		__fscache_withdraw_cookie(cookie);
 	}
 
@@ -971,7 +971,7 @@ void __fscache_relinquish_cookie(struct fscache_cookie *cookie, bool retire)
 	if (retire)
 		fscache_stat(&fscache_n_relinquishes_retire);
 
-	kenter("c=%08x{%d},%d",
+	_enter("c=%08x{%d},%d",
 	       cookie->debug_id, atomic_read(&cookie->n_active), retire);
 
 	if (WARN(test_and_set_bit(FSCACHE_COOKIE_RELINQUISHED, &cookie->flags),
@@ -1050,7 +1050,7 @@ void __fscache_invalidate(struct fscache_cookie *cookie,
 {
 	bool is_caching;
 
-	kenter("c=%x", cookie->debug_id);
+	_enter("c=%x", cookie->debug_id);
 
 	fscache_stat(&fscache_n_invalidates);
 
@@ -1072,7 +1072,7 @@ void __fscache_invalidate(struct fscache_cookie *cookie,
 	case FSCACHE_COOKIE_STATE_INVALIDATING: /* is_still_valid will catch it */
 	default:
 		spin_unlock(&cookie->lock);
-		kleave(" [no %u]", cookie->state);
+		_leave(" [no %u]", cookie->state);
 		return;
 
 	case FSCACHE_COOKIE_STATE_LOOKING_UP:
@@ -1081,7 +1081,7 @@ void __fscache_invalidate(struct fscache_cookie *cookie,
 		fallthrough;
 	case FSCACHE_COOKIE_STATE_CREATING:
 		spin_unlock(&cookie->lock);
-		kleave(" [look %x]", cookie->inval_counter);
+		_leave(" [look %x]", cookie->inval_counter);
 		return;
 
 	case FSCACHE_COOKIE_STATE_ACTIVE:
@@ -1094,7 +1094,7 @@ void __fscache_invalidate(struct fscache_cookie *cookie,
 
 		if (is_caching)
 			fscache_queue_cookie(cookie, fscache_cookie_get_inval_work);
-		kleave(" [inv]");
+		_leave(" [inv]");
 		return;
 	}
 }
diff --git a/fs/netfs/fscache_io.c b/fs/netfs/fscache_io.c
index bf4eaeec44fb..38637e5c9b57 100644
--- a/fs/netfs/fscache_io.c
+++ b/fs/netfs/fscache_io.c
@@ -28,12 +28,12 @@ bool fscache_wait_for_operation(struct netfs_cache_resources *cres,
 
 again:
 	if (!fscache_cache_is_live(cookie->volume->cache)) {
-		kleave(" [broken]");
+		_leave(" [broken]");
 		return false;
 	}
 
 	state = fscache_cookie_state(cookie);
-	kenter("c=%08x{%u},%x", cookie->debug_id, state, want_state);
+	_enter("c=%08x{%u},%x", cookie->debug_id, state, want_state);
 
 	switch (state) {
 	case FSCACHE_COOKIE_STATE_CREATING:
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ again:
 	case FSCACHE_COOKIE_STATE_DROPPED:
 	case FSCACHE_COOKIE_STATE_RELINQUISHING:
 	default:
-		kleave(" [not live]");
+		_leave(" [not live]");
 		return false;
 	}
 
@@ -92,7 +92,7 @@ again:
 	spin_lock(&cookie->lock);
 
 	state = fscache_cookie_state(cookie);
-	kenter("c=%08x{%u},%x", cookie->debug_id, state, want_state);
+	_enter("c=%08x{%u},%x", cookie->debug_id, state, want_state);
 
 	switch (state) {
 	case FSCACHE_COOKIE_STATE_LOOKING_UP:
@@ -140,7 +140,7 @@ failed:
 	cres->cache_priv = NULL;
 	cres->ops = NULL;
 	fscache_end_cookie_access(cookie, fscache_access_io_not_live);
-	kleave(" = -ENOBUFS");
+	_leave(" = -ENOBUFS");
 	return -ENOBUFS;
 }
 
@@ -224,7 +224,7 @@ void __fscache_write_to_cache(struct fscache_cookie *cookie,
 	if (len == 0)
 		goto abandon;
 
-	kenter("%llx,%zx", start, len);
+	_enter("%llx,%zx", start, len);
 
 	wreq = kzalloc(sizeof(struct fscache_write_request), GFP_NOFS);
 	if (!wreq)
diff --git a/fs/netfs/fscache_main.c b/fs/netfs/fscache_main.c
index bf9b33d26e31..42e98bb523e3 100644
--- a/fs/netfs/fscache_main.c
+++ b/fs/netfs/fscache_main.c
@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ error_wq:
  */
 void __exit fscache_exit(void)
 {
-	kenter("");
+	_enter("");
 
 	kmem_cache_destroy(fscache_cookie_jar);
 	fscache_proc_cleanup();
diff --git a/fs/netfs/fscache_volume.c b/fs/netfs/fscache_volume.c
index 2e2a405ca9b0..cb75c07b5281 100644
--- a/fs/netfs/fscache_volume.c
+++ b/fs/netfs/fscache_volume.c
@@ -264,7 +264,7 @@ static struct fscache_volume *fscache_alloc_volume(const char *volume_key,
 	fscache_see_volume(volume, fscache_volume_new_acquire);
 	fscache_stat(&fscache_n_volumes);
 	up_write(&fscache_addremove_sem);
-	kleave(" = v=%x", volume->debug_id);
+	_leave(" = v=%x", volume->debug_id);
 	return volume;
 
 err_vol:
@@ -466,7 +466,7 @@ void fscache_withdraw_volume(struct fscache_volume *volume)
 {
 	int n_accesses;
 
-	kdebug("withdraw V=%x", volume->debug_id);
+	_debug("withdraw V=%x", volume->debug_id);
 
 	/* Allow wakeups on dec-to-0 */
 	n_accesses = atomic_dec_return(&volume->n_accesses);
diff --git a/fs/netfs/internal.h b/fs/netfs/internal.h
index 21e46bc9aa49..7773f3d855a9 100644
--- a/fs/netfs/internal.h
+++ b/fs/netfs/internal.h
@@ -34,6 +34,7 @@ int netfs_begin_read(struct netfs_io_request *rreq, bool sync);
 /*
  * main.c
  */
+extern unsigned int netfs_debug;
 extern struct list_head netfs_io_requests;
 extern spinlock_t netfs_proc_lock;
 extern mempool_t netfs_request_pool;
@@ -353,12 +354,42 @@ void fscache_create_volume(struct fscache_volume *volume, bool wait);
  * debug tracing
  */
 #define dbgprintk(FMT, ...) \
-	pr_debug("[%-6.6s] "FMT"\n", current->comm, ##__VA_ARGS__)
+	printk("[%-6.6s] "FMT"\n", current->comm, ##__VA_ARGS__)
 
 #define kenter(FMT, ...) dbgprintk("==> %s("FMT")", __func__, ##__VA_ARGS__)
 #define kleave(FMT, ...) dbgprintk("<== %s()"FMT"", __func__, ##__VA_ARGS__)
 #define kdebug(FMT, ...) dbgprintk(FMT, ##__VA_ARGS__)
 
+#ifdef __KDEBUG
+#define _enter(FMT, ...) kenter(FMT, ##__VA_ARGS__)
+#define _leave(FMT, ...) kleave(FMT, ##__VA_ARGS__)
+#define _debug(FMT, ...) kdebug(FMT, ##__VA_ARGS__)
+
+#elif defined(CONFIG_NETFS_DEBUG)
+#define _enter(FMT, ...)			\
+do {						\
+	if (netfs_debug)			\
+		kenter(FMT, ##__VA_ARGS__);	\
+} while (0)
+
+#define _leave(FMT, ...)			\
+do {						\
+	if (netfs_debug)			\
+		kleave(FMT, ##__VA_ARGS__);	\
+} while (0)
+
+#define _debug(FMT, ...)			\
+do {						\
+	if (netfs_debug)			\
+		kdebug(FMT, ##__VA_ARGS__);	\
+} while (0)
+
+#else
+#define _enter(FMT, ...) no_printk("==> %s("FMT")", __func__, ##__VA_ARGS__)
+#define _leave(FMT, ...) no_printk("<== %s()"FMT"", __func__, ##__VA_ARGS__)
+#define _debug(FMT, ...) no_printk(FMT, ##__VA_ARGS__)
+#endif
+
 /*
  * assertions
  */
diff --git a/fs/netfs/io.c b/fs/netfs/io.c
index c7576481c321..c93851b98368 100644
--- a/fs/netfs/io.c
+++ b/fs/netfs/io.c
@@ -130,7 +130,7 @@ static void netfs_reset_subreq_iter(struct netfs_io_request *rreq,
 	if (count == remaining)
 		return;
 
-	kdebug("R=%08x[%u] ITER RESUB-MISMATCH %zx != %zx-%zx-%llx %x\n",
+	_debug("R=%08x[%u] ITER RESUB-MISMATCH %zx != %zx-%zx-%llx %x\n",
 	       rreq->debug_id, subreq->debug_index,
 	       iov_iter_count(&subreq->io_iter), subreq->transferred,
 	       subreq->len, rreq->i_size,
@@ -326,7 +326,7 @@ void netfs_subreq_terminated(struct netfs_io_subrequest *subreq,
 	struct netfs_io_request *rreq = subreq->rreq;
 	int u;
 
-	kenter("R=%x[%x]{%llx,%lx},%zd",
+	_enter("R=%x[%x]{%llx,%lx},%zd",
 	       rreq->debug_id, subreq->debug_index,
 	       subreq->start, subreq->flags, transferred_or_error);
 
@@ -435,7 +435,7 @@ netfs_rreq_prepare_read(struct netfs_io_request *rreq,
 	struct netfs_inode *ictx = netfs_inode(rreq->inode);
 	size_t lsize;
 
-	kenter("%llx-%llx,%llx", subreq->start, subreq->start + subreq->len, rreq->i_size);
+	_enter("%llx-%llx,%llx", subreq->start, subreq->start + subreq->len, rreq->i_size);
 
 	if (rreq->origin != NETFS_DIO_READ) {
 		source = netfs_cache_prepare_read(subreq, rreq->i_size);
@@ -518,7 +518,7 @@ static bool netfs_rreq_submit_slice(struct netfs_io_request *rreq,
 	subreq->start		= rreq->start + rreq->submitted;
 	subreq->len		= io_iter->count;
 
-	kdebug("slice %llx,%zx,%llx", subreq->start, subreq->len, rreq->submitted);
+	_debug("slice %llx,%zx,%llx", subreq->start, subreq->len, rreq->submitted);
 	list_add_tail(&subreq->rreq_link, &rreq->subrequests);
 
 	/* Call out to the cache to find out what it can do with the remaining
@@ -570,7 +570,7 @@ int netfs_begin_read(struct netfs_io_request *rreq, bool sync)
 	struct iov_iter io_iter;
 	int ret;
 
-	kenter("R=%x %llx-%llx",
+	_enter("R=%x %llx-%llx",
 	       rreq->debug_id, rreq->start, rreq->start + rreq->len - 1);
 
 	if (rreq->len == 0) {
@@ -593,7 +593,7 @@ int netfs_begin_read(struct netfs_io_request *rreq, bool sync)
 	atomic_set(&rreq->nr_outstanding, 1);
 	io_iter = rreq->io_iter;
 	do {
-		kdebug("submit %llx + %llx >= %llx",
+		_debug("submit %llx + %llx >= %llx",
 		       rreq->start, rreq->submitted, rreq->i_size);
 		if (rreq->origin == NETFS_DIO_READ &&
 		    rreq->start + rreq->submitted >= rreq->i_size)
diff --git a/fs/netfs/main.c b/fs/netfs/main.c
index db824c372842..5f0f438e5d21 100644
--- a/fs/netfs/main.c
+++ b/fs/netfs/main.c
@@ -20,6 +20,10 @@ MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
 
 EXPORT_TRACEPOINT_SYMBOL(netfs_sreq);
 
+unsigned netfs_debug;
+module_param_named(debug, netfs_debug, uint, S_IWUSR | S_IRUGO);
+MODULE_PARM_DESC(netfs_debug, "Netfs support debugging mask");
+
 static struct kmem_cache *netfs_request_slab;
 static struct kmem_cache *netfs_subrequest_slab;
 mempool_t netfs_request_pool;
diff --git a/fs/netfs/misc.c b/fs/netfs/misc.c
index 172808e83ca8..83e644bd518f 100644
--- a/fs/netfs/misc.c
+++ b/fs/netfs/misc.c
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ bool netfs_dirty_folio(struct address_space *mapping, struct folio *folio)
 	struct fscache_cookie *cookie = netfs_i_cookie(ictx);
 	bool need_use = false;
 
-	kenter("");
+	_enter("");
 
 	if (!filemap_dirty_folio(mapping, folio))
 		return false;
@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ void netfs_invalidate_folio(struct folio *folio, size_t offset, size_t length)
 	struct netfs_folio *finfo;
 	size_t flen = folio_size(folio);
 
-	kenter("{%lx},%zx,%zx", folio->index, offset, length);
+	_enter("{%lx},%zx,%zx", folio->index, offset, length);
 
 	if (!folio_test_private(folio))
 		return;
diff --git a/fs/netfs/write_collect.c b/fs/netfs/write_collect.c
index 488147439fe0..426cf87aaf2e 100644
--- a/fs/netfs/write_collect.c
+++ b/fs/netfs/write_collect.c
@@ -161,7 +161,7 @@ static void netfs_retry_write_stream(struct netfs_io_request *wreq,
 {
 	struct list_head *next;
 
-	kenter("R=%x[%x:]", wreq->debug_id, stream->stream_nr);
+	_enter("R=%x[%x:]", wreq->debug_id, stream->stream_nr);
 
 	if (list_empty(&stream->subrequests))
 		return;
@@ -374,7 +374,7 @@ static void netfs_collect_write_results(struct netfs_io_request *wreq)
 	unsigned int notes;
 	int s;
 
-	kenter("%llx-%llx", wreq->start, wreq->start + wreq->len);
+	_enter("%llx-%llx", wreq->start, wreq->start + wreq->len);
 	trace_netfs_collect(wreq);
 	trace_netfs_rreq(wreq, netfs_rreq_trace_collect);
 
@@ -409,7 +409,7 @@ reassess_streams:
 		front = stream->front;
 		while (front) {
 			trace_netfs_collect_sreq(wreq, front);
-			//kdebug("sreq [%x] %llx %zx/%zx",
+			//_debug("sreq [%x] %llx %zx/%zx",
 			//       front->debug_index, front->start, front->transferred, front->len);
 
 			/* Stall if there may be a discontinuity. */
@@ -598,7 +598,7 @@ reassess_streams:
 out:
 	netfs_put_group_many(wreq->group, wreq->nr_group_rel);
 	wreq->nr_group_rel = 0;
-	kleave(" = %x", notes);
+	_leave(" = %x", notes);
 	return;
 
 need_retry:
@@ -606,7 +606,7 @@ need_retry:
 	 * that any partially completed op will have had any wholly transferred
 	 * folios removed from it.
 	 */
-	kdebug("retry");
+	_debug("retry");
 	netfs_retry_writes(wreq);
 	goto out;
 }
@@ -621,7 +621,7 @@ void netfs_write_collection_worker(struct work_struct *work)
 	size_t transferred;
 	int s;
 
-	kenter("R=%x", wreq->debug_id);
+	_enter("R=%x", wreq->debug_id);
 
 	netfs_see_request(wreq, netfs_rreq_trace_see_work);
 	if (!test_bit(NETFS_RREQ_IN_PROGRESS, &wreq->flags)) {
@@ -684,7 +684,7 @@ void netfs_write_collection_worker(struct work_struct *work)
 	if (wreq->origin == NETFS_DIO_WRITE)
 		inode_dio_end(wreq->inode);
 
-	kdebug("finished");
+	_debug("finished");
 	trace_netfs_rreq(wreq, netfs_rreq_trace_wake_ip);
 	clear_bit_unlock(NETFS_RREQ_IN_PROGRESS, &wreq->flags);
 	wake_up_bit(&wreq->flags, NETFS_RREQ_IN_PROGRESS);
@@ -744,7 +744,7 @@ void netfs_write_subrequest_terminated(void *_op, ssize_t transferred_or_error,
 	struct netfs_io_request *wreq = subreq->rreq;
 	struct netfs_io_stream *stream = &wreq->io_streams[subreq->stream_nr];
 
-	kenter("%x[%x] %zd", wreq->debug_id, subreq->debug_index, transferred_or_error);
+	_enter("%x[%x] %zd", wreq->debug_id, subreq->debug_index, transferred_or_error);
 
 	switch (subreq->source) {
 	case NETFS_UPLOAD_TO_SERVER:
diff --git a/fs/netfs/write_issue.c b/fs/netfs/write_issue.c
index d7c971df8866..9258d30cffe3 100644
--- a/fs/netfs/write_issue.c
+++ b/fs/netfs/write_issue.c
@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ struct netfs_io_request *netfs_create_write_req(struct address_space *mapping,
 	if (IS_ERR(wreq))
 		return wreq;
 
-	kenter("R=%x", wreq->debug_id);
+	_enter("R=%x", wreq->debug_id);
 
 	ictx = netfs_inode(wreq->inode);
 	if (test_bit(NETFS_RREQ_WRITE_TO_CACHE, &wreq->flags))
@@ -122,6 +122,7 @@ struct netfs_io_request *netfs_create_write_req(struct address_space *mapping,
 	wreq->io_streams[1].transferred		= LONG_MAX;
 	if (fscache_resources_valid(&wreq->cache_resources)) {
 		wreq->io_streams[1].avail	= true;
+		wreq->io_streams[1].active	= true;
 		wreq->io_streams[1].prepare_write = wreq->cache_resources.ops->prepare_write_subreq;
 		wreq->io_streams[1].issue_write = wreq->cache_resources.ops->issue_write;
 	}
@@ -159,7 +160,7 @@ static void netfs_prepare_write(struct netfs_io_request *wreq,
 	subreq->max_nr_segs	= INT_MAX;
 	subreq->stream_nr	= stream->stream_nr;
 
-	kenter("R=%x[%x]", wreq->debug_id, subreq->debug_index);
+	_enter("R=%x[%x]", wreq->debug_id, subreq->debug_index);
 
 	trace_netfs_sreq_ref(wreq->debug_id, subreq->debug_index,
 			     refcount_read(&subreq->ref),
@@ -215,7 +216,7 @@ static void netfs_do_issue_write(struct netfs_io_stream *stream,
 {
 	struct netfs_io_request *wreq = subreq->rreq;
 
-	kenter("R=%x[%x],%zx", wreq->debug_id, subreq->debug_index, subreq->len);
+	_enter("R=%x[%x],%zx", wreq->debug_id, subreq->debug_index, subreq->len);
 
 	if (test_bit(NETFS_SREQ_FAILED, &subreq->flags))
 		return netfs_write_subrequest_terminated(subreq, subreq->error, false);
@@ -272,11 +273,11 @@ int netfs_advance_write(struct netfs_io_request *wreq,
 	size_t part;
 
 	if (!stream->avail) {
-		kleave("no write");
+		_leave("no write");
 		return len;
 	}
 
-	kenter("R=%x[%x]", wreq->debug_id, subreq ? subreq->debug_index : 0);
+	_enter("R=%x[%x]", wreq->debug_id, subreq ? subreq->debug_index : 0);
 
 	if (subreq && start != subreq->start + subreq->len) {
 		netfs_issue_write(wreq, stream);
@@ -288,7 +289,7 @@ int netfs_advance_write(struct netfs_io_request *wreq,
 	subreq = stream->construct;
 
 	part = min(subreq->max_len - subreq->len, len);
-	kdebug("part %zx/%zx %zx/%zx", subreq->len, subreq->max_len, part, len);
+	_debug("part %zx/%zx %zx/%zx", subreq->len, subreq->max_len, part, len);
 	subreq->len += part;
 	subreq->nr_segs++;
 
@@ -319,7 +320,7 @@ static int netfs_write_folio(struct netfs_io_request *wreq,
 	bool to_eof = false, streamw = false;
 	bool debug = false;
 
-	kenter("");
+	_enter("");
 
 	/* netfs_perform_write() may shift i_size around the page or from out
 	 * of the page to beyond it, but cannot move i_size into or through the
@@ -329,7 +330,7 @@ static int netfs_write_folio(struct netfs_io_request *wreq,
 
 	if (fpos >= i_size) {
 		/* mmap beyond eof. */
-		kdebug("beyond eof");
+		_debug("beyond eof");
 		folio_start_writeback(folio);
 		folio_unlock(folio);
 		wreq->nr_group_rel += netfs_folio_written_back(folio);
@@ -363,7 +364,7 @@ static int netfs_write_folio(struct netfs_io_request *wreq,
 	}
 	flen -= foff;
 
-	kdebug("folio %zx %zx %zx", foff, flen, fsize);
+	_debug("folio %zx %zx %zx", foff, flen, fsize);
 
 	/* Deal with discontinuities in the stream of dirty pages.  These can
 	 * arise from a number of sources:
@@ -487,7 +488,7 @@ static int netfs_write_folio(struct netfs_io_request *wreq,
 		for (int s = 0; s < NR_IO_STREAMS; s++)
 			netfs_issue_write(wreq, &wreq->io_streams[s]);
 
-	kleave(" = 0");
+	_leave(" = 0");
 	return 0;
 }
 
@@ -522,7 +523,7 @@ int netfs_writepages(struct address_space *mapping,
 	netfs_stat(&netfs_n_wh_writepages);
 
 	do {
-		kdebug("wbiter %lx %llx", folio->index, wreq->start + wreq->submitted);
+		_debug("wbiter %lx %llx", folio->index, wreq->start + wreq->submitted);
 
 		/* It appears we don't have to handle cyclic writeback wrapping. */
 		WARN_ON_ONCE(wreq && folio_pos(folio) < wreq->start + wreq->submitted);
@@ -546,14 +547,14 @@ int netfs_writepages(struct address_space *mapping,
 	mutex_unlock(&ictx->wb_lock);
 
 	netfs_put_request(wreq, false, netfs_rreq_trace_put_return);
-	kleave(" = %d", error);
+	_leave(" = %d", error);
 	return error;
 
 couldnt_start:
 	netfs_kill_dirty_pages(mapping, wbc, folio);
 out:
 	mutex_unlock(&ictx->wb_lock);
-	kleave(" = %d", error);
+	_leave(" = %d", error);
 	return error;
 }
 EXPORT_SYMBOL(netfs_writepages);
@@ -590,7 +591,7 @@ int netfs_advance_writethrough(struct netfs_io_request *wreq, struct writeback_c
 			       struct folio *folio, size_t copied, bool to_page_end,
 			       struct folio **writethrough_cache)
 {
-	kenter("R=%x ic=%zu ws=%u cp=%zu tp=%u",
+	_enter("R=%x ic=%zu ws=%u cp=%zu tp=%u",
 	       wreq->debug_id, wreq->iter.count, wreq->wsize, copied, to_page_end);
 
 	if (!*writethrough_cache) {
@@ -624,7 +625,7 @@ int netfs_end_writethrough(struct netfs_io_request *wreq, struct writeback_contr
 	struct netfs_inode *ictx = netfs_inode(wreq->inode);
 	int ret;
 
-	kenter("R=%x", wreq->debug_id);
+	_enter("R=%x", wreq->debug_id);
 
 	if (writethrough_cache)
 		netfs_write_folio(wreq, wbc, writethrough_cache);
@@ -657,7 +658,7 @@ int netfs_unbuffered_write(struct netfs_io_request *wreq, bool may_wait, size_t
 	loff_t start = wreq->start;
 	int error = 0;
 
-	kenter("%zx", len);
+	_enter("%zx", len);
 
 	if (wreq->origin == NETFS_DIO_WRITE)
 		inode_dio_begin(wreq->inode);
@@ -665,7 +666,7 @@ int netfs_unbuffered_write(struct netfs_io_request *wreq, bool may_wait, size_t
 	while (len) {
 		// TODO: Prepare content encryption
 
-		kdebug("unbuffered %zx", len);
+		_debug("unbuffered %zx", len);
 		part = netfs_advance_write(wreq, upload, start, len, false);
 		start += part;
 		len -= part;
@@ -684,6 +685,6 @@ int netfs_unbuffered_write(struct netfs_io_request *wreq, bool may_wait, size_t
 	if (list_empty(&upload->subrequests))
 		netfs_wake_write_collector(wreq, false);
 
-	kleave(" = %d", error);
+	_leave(" = %d", error);
 	return error;
 }
diff --git a/fs/pidfs.c b/fs/pidfs.c
index c9cb14181def..7ffdc88dfb52 100644
--- a/fs/pidfs.c
+++ b/fs/pidfs.c
@@ -119,7 +119,7 @@ static long pidfd_ioctl(struct file *file, unsigned int cmd, unsigned long arg)
 	struct task_struct *task __free(put_task) = NULL;
 	struct nsproxy *nsp __free(put_nsproxy) = NULL;
 	struct pid *pid = pidfd_pid(file);
-	struct ns_common *ns_common;
+	struct ns_common *ns_common = NULL;
 
 	if (arg)
 		return -EINVAL;
@@ -146,52 +146,73 @@ static long pidfd_ioctl(struct file *file, unsigned int cmd, unsigned long arg)
 	switch (cmd) {
 	/* Namespaces that hang of nsproxy. */
 	case PIDFD_GET_CGROUP_NAMESPACE:
-		get_cgroup_ns(nsp->cgroup_ns);
-		ns_common = to_ns_common(nsp->cgroup_ns);
+		if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_CGROUPS)) {
+			get_cgroup_ns(nsp->cgroup_ns);
+			ns_common = to_ns_common(nsp->cgroup_ns);
+		}
 		break;
 	case PIDFD_GET_IPC_NAMESPACE:
-		get_ipc_ns(nsp->ipc_ns);
-		ns_common = to_ns_common(nsp->ipc_ns);
+		if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_IPC_NS)) {
+			get_ipc_ns(nsp->ipc_ns);
+			ns_common = to_ns_common(nsp->ipc_ns);
+		}
 		break;
 	case PIDFD_GET_MNT_NAMESPACE:
 		get_mnt_ns(nsp->mnt_ns);
 		ns_common = to_ns_common(nsp->mnt_ns);
 		break;
 	case PIDFD_GET_NET_NAMESPACE:
-		ns_common = to_ns_common(nsp->net_ns);
-		get_net_ns(ns_common);
+		if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_NET_NS)) {
+			ns_common = to_ns_common(nsp->net_ns);
+			get_net_ns(ns_common);
+		}
 		break;
 	case PIDFD_GET_PID_FOR_CHILDREN_NAMESPACE:
-		get_pid_ns(nsp->pid_ns_for_children);
-		ns_common = to_ns_common(nsp->pid_ns_for_children);
+		if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_PID_NS)) {
+			get_pid_ns(nsp->pid_ns_for_children);
+			ns_common = to_ns_common(nsp->pid_ns_for_children);
+		}
 		break;
 	case PIDFD_GET_TIME_NAMESPACE:
-		get_time_ns(nsp->time_ns);
-		ns_common = to_ns_common(nsp->time_ns);
+		if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_TIME_NS)) {
+			get_time_ns(nsp->time_ns);
+			ns_common = to_ns_common(nsp->time_ns);
+		}
 		break;
 	case PIDFD_GET_TIME_FOR_CHILDREN_NAMESPACE:
-		get_time_ns(nsp->time_ns_for_children);
-		ns_common = to_ns_common(nsp->time_ns_for_children);
+		if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_TIME_NS)) {
+			get_time_ns(nsp->time_ns_for_children);
+			ns_common = to_ns_common(nsp->time_ns_for_children);
+		}
 		break;
 	case PIDFD_GET_UTS_NAMESPACE:
-		get_uts_ns(nsp->uts_ns);
-		ns_common = to_ns_common(nsp->uts_ns);
+		if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_UTS_NS)) {
+			get_uts_ns(nsp->uts_ns);
+			ns_common = to_ns_common(nsp->uts_ns);
+		}
 		break;
 	/* Namespaces that don't hang of nsproxy. */
 	case PIDFD_GET_USER_NAMESPACE:
-		rcu_read_lock();
-		ns_common = to_ns_common(get_user_ns(task_cred_xxx(task, user_ns)));
-		rcu_read_unlock();
+		if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_USER_NS)) {
+			rcu_read_lock();
+			ns_common = to_ns_common(get_user_ns(task_cred_xxx(task, user_ns)));
+			rcu_read_unlock();
+		}
 		break;
 	case PIDFD_GET_PID_NAMESPACE:
-		rcu_read_lock();
-		ns_common = to_ns_common(get_pid_ns(task_active_pid_ns(task)));
-		rcu_read_unlock();
+		if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_PID_NS)) {
+			rcu_read_lock();
+			ns_common = to_ns_common( get_pid_ns(task_active_pid_ns(task)));
+			rcu_read_unlock();
+		}
 		break;
 	default:
 		return -ENOIOCTLCMD;
 	}
 
+	if (!ns_common)
+		return -EOPNOTSUPP;
+
 	/* open_namespace() unconditionally consumes the reference */
 	return open_namespace(ns_common);
 }
diff --git a/fs/xattr.c b/fs/xattr.c
index f8b643f91a98..7672ce5486c5 100644
--- a/fs/xattr.c
+++ b/fs/xattr.c
@@ -630,10 +630,9 @@ int do_setxattr(struct mnt_idmap *idmap, struct dentry *dentry,
 			ctx->kvalue, ctx->size, ctx->flags);
 }
 
-static long
-setxattr(struct mnt_idmap *idmap, struct dentry *d,
-	const char __user *name, const void __user *value, size_t size,
-	int flags)
+static int path_setxattr(const char __user *pathname,
+			 const char __user *name, const void __user *value,
+			 size_t size, int flags, unsigned int lookup_flags)
 {
 	struct xattr_name kname;
 	struct xattr_ctx ctx = {
@@ -643,33 +642,20 @@ setxattr(struct mnt_idmap *idmap, struct dentry *d,
 		.kname    = &kname,
 		.flags    = flags,
 	};
+	struct path path;
 	int error;
 
 	error = setxattr_copy(name, &ctx);
 	if (error)
 		return error;
 
-	error = do_setxattr(idmap, d, &ctx);
-
-	kvfree(ctx.kvalue);
-	return error;
-}
-
-static int path_setxattr(const char __user *pathname,
-			 const char __user *name, const void __user *value,
-			 size_t size, int flags, unsigned int lookup_flags)
-{
-	struct path path;
-	int error;
-
 retry:
 	error = user_path_at(AT_FDCWD, pathname, lookup_flags, &path);
 	if (error)
-		return error;
+		goto out;
 	error = mnt_want_write(path.mnt);
 	if (!error) {
-		error = setxattr(mnt_idmap(path.mnt), path.dentry, name,
-				 value, size, flags);
+		error = do_setxattr(mnt_idmap(path.mnt), path.dentry, &ctx);
 		mnt_drop_write(path.mnt);
 	}
 	path_put(&path);
@@ -677,6 +663,9 @@ retry:
 		lookup_flags |= LOOKUP_REVAL;
 		goto retry;
 	}
+
+out:
+	kvfree(ctx.kvalue);
 	return error;
 }
 
@@ -697,20 +686,32 @@ SYSCALL_DEFINE5(lsetxattr, const char __user *, pathname,
 SYSCALL_DEFINE5(fsetxattr, int, fd, const char __user *, name,
 		const void __user *,value, size_t, size, int, flags)
 {
-	struct fd f = fdget(fd);
-	int error = -EBADF;
+	struct xattr_name kname;
+	struct xattr_ctx ctx = {
+		.cvalue   = value,
+		.kvalue   = NULL,
+		.size     = size,
+		.kname    = &kname,
+		.flags    = flags,
+	};
+	int error;
 
+	CLASS(fd, f)(fd);
 	if (!f.file)
-		return error;
+		return -EBADF;
+
 	audit_file(f.file);
+	error = setxattr_copy(name, &ctx);
+	if (error)
+		return error;
+
 	error = mnt_want_write_file(f.file);
 	if (!error) {
-		error = setxattr(file_mnt_idmap(f.file),
-				 f.file->f_path.dentry, name,
-				 value, size, flags);
+		error = do_setxattr(file_mnt_idmap(f.file),
+				    f.file->f_path.dentry, &ctx);
 		mnt_drop_write_file(f.file);
 	}
-	fdput(f);
+	kvfree(ctx.kvalue);
 	return error;
 }
 
@@ -899,9 +900,17 @@ SYSCALL_DEFINE3(flistxattr, int, fd, char __user *, list, size_t, size)
  * Extended attribute REMOVE operations
  */
 static long
-removexattr(struct mnt_idmap *idmap, struct dentry *d,
-	    const char __user *name)
+removexattr(struct mnt_idmap *idmap, struct dentry *d, const char *name)
 {
+	if (is_posix_acl_xattr(name))
+		return vfs_remove_acl(idmap, d, name);
+	return vfs_removexattr(idmap, d, name);
+}
+
+static int path_removexattr(const char __user *pathname,
+			    const char __user *name, unsigned int lookup_flags)
+{
+	struct path path;
 	int error;
 	char kname[XATTR_NAME_MAX + 1];
 
@@ -910,25 +919,13 @@ removexattr(struct mnt_idmap *idmap, struct dentry *d,
 		error = -ERANGE;
 	if (error < 0)
 		return error;
-
-	if (is_posix_acl_xattr(kname))
-		return vfs_remove_acl(idmap, d, kname);
-
-	return vfs_removexattr(idmap, d, kname);
-}
-
-static int path_removexattr(const char __user *pathname,
-			    const char __user *name, unsigned int lookup_flags)
-{
-	struct path path;
-	int error;
 retry:
 	error = user_path_at(AT_FDCWD, pathname, lookup_flags, &path);
 	if (error)
 		return error;
 	error = mnt_want_write(path.mnt);
 	if (!error) {
-		error = removexattr(mnt_idmap(path.mnt), path.dentry, name);
+		error = removexattr(mnt_idmap(path.mnt), path.dentry, kname);
 		mnt_drop_write(path.mnt);
 	}
 	path_put(&path);
@@ -954,15 +951,23 @@ SYSCALL_DEFINE2(lremovexattr, const char __user *, pathname,
 SYSCALL_DEFINE2(fremovexattr, int, fd, const char __user *, name)
 {
 	struct fd f = fdget(fd);
+	char kname[XATTR_NAME_MAX + 1];
 	int error = -EBADF;
 
 	if (!f.file)
 		return error;
 	audit_file(f.file);
+
+	error = strncpy_from_user(kname, name, sizeof(kname));
+	if (error == 0 || error == sizeof(kname))
+		error = -ERANGE;
+	if (error < 0)
+		return error;
+
 	error = mnt_want_write_file(f.file);
 	if (!error) {
 		error = removexattr(file_mnt_idmap(f.file),
-				    f.file->f_path.dentry, name);
+				    f.file->f_path.dentry, kname);
 		mnt_drop_write_file(f.file);
 	}
 	fdput(f);
diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/pidfd/pidfd_setns_test.c b/tools/testing/selftests/pidfd/pidfd_setns_test.c
index 47746b0c6acd..7c2a4349170a 100644
--- a/tools/testing/selftests/pidfd/pidfd_setns_test.c
+++ b/tools/testing/selftests/pidfd/pidfd_setns_test.c
@@ -16,11 +16,56 @@
 #include <unistd.h>
 #include <sys/socket.h>
 #include <sys/stat.h>
+#include <linux/ioctl.h>
 
 #include "pidfd.h"
 #include "../clone3/clone3_selftests.h"
 #include "../kselftest_harness.h"
 
+#ifndef PIDFS_IOCTL_MAGIC
+#define PIDFS_IOCTL_MAGIC 0xFF
+#endif
+
+#ifndef PIDFD_GET_CGROUP_NAMESPACE
+#define PIDFD_GET_CGROUP_NAMESPACE            _IO(PIDFS_IOCTL_MAGIC, 1)
+#endif
+
+#ifndef PIDFD_GET_IPC_NAMESPACE
+#define PIDFD_GET_IPC_NAMESPACE               _IO(PIDFS_IOCTL_MAGIC, 2)
+#endif
+
+#ifndef PIDFD_GET_MNT_NAMESPACE
+#define PIDFD_GET_MNT_NAMESPACE               _IO(PIDFS_IOCTL_MAGIC, 3)
+#endif
+
+#ifndef PIDFD_GET_NET_NAMESPACE
+#define PIDFD_GET_NET_NAMESPACE               _IO(PIDFS_IOCTL_MAGIC, 4)
+#endif
+
+#ifndef PIDFD_GET_PID_NAMESPACE
+#define PIDFD_GET_PID_NAMESPACE               _IO(PIDFS_IOCTL_MAGIC, 5)
+#endif
+
+#ifndef PIDFD_GET_PID_FOR_CHILDREN_NAMESPACE
+#define PIDFD_GET_PID_FOR_CHILDREN_NAMESPACE  _IO(PIDFS_IOCTL_MAGIC, 6)
+#endif
+
+#ifndef PIDFD_GET_TIME_NAMESPACE
+#define PIDFD_GET_TIME_NAMESPACE              _IO(PIDFS_IOCTL_MAGIC, 7)
+#endif
+
+#ifndef PIDFD_GET_TIME_FOR_CHILDREN_NAMESPACE
+#define PIDFD_GET_TIME_FOR_CHILDREN_NAMESPACE _IO(PIDFS_IOCTL_MAGIC, 8)
+#endif
+
+#ifndef PIDFD_GET_USER_NAMESPACE
+#define PIDFD_GET_USER_NAMESPACE              _IO(PIDFS_IOCTL_MAGIC, 9)
+#endif
+
+#ifndef PIDFD_GET_UTS_NAMESPACE
+#define PIDFD_GET_UTS_NAMESPACE               _IO(PIDFS_IOCTL_MAGIC, 10)
+#endif
+
 enum {
 	PIDFD_NS_USER,
 	PIDFD_NS_MNT,
@@ -31,22 +76,25 @@ enum {
 	PIDFD_NS_CGROUP,
 	PIDFD_NS_PIDCLD,
 	PIDFD_NS_TIME,
+	PIDFD_NS_TIMECLD,
 	PIDFD_NS_MAX
 };
 
 const struct ns_info {
 	const char *name;
 	int flag;
+	unsigned int pidfd_ioctl;
 } ns_info[] = {
-	[PIDFD_NS_USER]   = { "user",             CLONE_NEWUSER,   },
-	[PIDFD_NS_MNT]    = { "mnt",              CLONE_NEWNS,     },
-	[PIDFD_NS_PID]    = { "pid",              CLONE_NEWPID,    },
-	[PIDFD_NS_UTS]    = { "uts",              CLONE_NEWUTS,    },
-	[PIDFD_NS_IPC]    = { "ipc",              CLONE_NEWIPC,    },
-	[PIDFD_NS_NET]    = { "net",              CLONE_NEWNET,    },
-	[PIDFD_NS_CGROUP] = { "cgroup",           CLONE_NEWCGROUP, },
-	[PIDFD_NS_PIDCLD] = { "pid_for_children", 0,               },
-	[PIDFD_NS_TIME]	  = { "time",             CLONE_NEWTIME,   },
+	[PIDFD_NS_USER]    = { "user",              CLONE_NEWUSER,   PIDFD_GET_USER_NAMESPACE,              },
+	[PIDFD_NS_MNT]     = { "mnt",               CLONE_NEWNS,     PIDFD_GET_MNT_NAMESPACE,               },
+	[PIDFD_NS_PID]     = { "pid",               CLONE_NEWPID,    PIDFD_GET_PID_NAMESPACE,               },
+	[PIDFD_NS_UTS]     = { "uts",               CLONE_NEWUTS,    PIDFD_GET_UTS_NAMESPACE,               },
+	[PIDFD_NS_IPC]     = { "ipc",               CLONE_NEWIPC,    PIDFD_GET_IPC_NAMESPACE,               },
+	[PIDFD_NS_NET]     = { "net",               CLONE_NEWNET,    PIDFD_GET_NET_NAMESPACE,               },
+	[PIDFD_NS_CGROUP]  = { "cgroup",            CLONE_NEWCGROUP, PIDFD_GET_CGROUP_NAMESPACE,            },
+	[PIDFD_NS_TIME]	   = { "time",              CLONE_NEWTIME,   PIDFD_GET_TIME_NAMESPACE,              },
+	[PIDFD_NS_PIDCLD]  = { "pid_for_children",  0,               PIDFD_GET_PID_FOR_CHILDREN_NAMESPACE,  },
+	[PIDFD_NS_TIMECLD] = { "time_for_children", 0,               PIDFD_GET_TIME_FOR_CHILDREN_NAMESPACE, },
 };
 
 FIXTURE(current_nsset)
@@ -54,6 +102,7 @@ FIXTURE(current_nsset)
 	pid_t pid;
 	int pidfd;
 	int nsfds[PIDFD_NS_MAX];
+	int child_pidfd_derived_nsfds[PIDFD_NS_MAX];
 
 	pid_t child_pid_exited;
 	int child_pidfd_exited;
@@ -61,10 +110,12 @@ FIXTURE(current_nsset)
 	pid_t child_pid1;
 	int child_pidfd1;
 	int child_nsfds1[PIDFD_NS_MAX];
+	int child_pidfd_derived_nsfds1[PIDFD_NS_MAX];
 
 	pid_t child_pid2;
 	int child_pidfd2;
 	int child_nsfds2[PIDFD_NS_MAX];
+	int child_pidfd_derived_nsfds2[PIDFD_NS_MAX];
 };
 
 static int sys_waitid(int which, pid_t pid, int options)
@@ -128,9 +179,12 @@ FIXTURE_SETUP(current_nsset)
 	char c;
 
 	for (i = 0; i < PIDFD_NS_MAX; i++) {
-		self->nsfds[i]		= -EBADF;
-		self->child_nsfds1[i]	= -EBADF;
-		self->child_nsfds2[i]	= -EBADF;
+		self->nsfds[i]				= -EBADF;
+		self->child_nsfds1[i]			= -EBADF;
+		self->child_nsfds2[i]			= -EBADF;
+		self->child_pidfd_derived_nsfds[i]	= -EBADF;
+		self->child_pidfd_derived_nsfds1[i]	= -EBADF;
+		self->child_pidfd_derived_nsfds2[i]	= -EBADF;
 	}
 
 	proc_fd = open("/proc/self/ns", O_DIRECTORY | O_CLOEXEC);
@@ -139,6 +193,11 @@ FIXTURE_SETUP(current_nsset)
 	}
 
 	self->pid = getpid();
+	self->pidfd = sys_pidfd_open(self->pid, 0);
+	EXPECT_GT(self->pidfd, 0) {
+		TH_LOG("%m - Failed to open pidfd for process %d", self->pid);
+	}
+
 	for (i = 0; i < PIDFD_NS_MAX; i++) {
 		const struct ns_info *info = &ns_info[i];
 		self->nsfds[i] = openat(proc_fd, info->name, O_RDONLY | O_CLOEXEC);
@@ -148,20 +207,27 @@ FIXTURE_SETUP(current_nsset)
 				       info->name, self->pid);
 			}
 		}
-	}
 
-	self->pidfd = sys_pidfd_open(self->pid, 0);
-	EXPECT_GT(self->pidfd, 0) {
-		TH_LOG("%m - Failed to open pidfd for process %d", self->pid);
+		self->child_pidfd_derived_nsfds[i] = ioctl(self->pidfd, info->pidfd_ioctl, 0);
+		if (self->child_pidfd_derived_nsfds[i] < 0) {
+			EXPECT_EQ(errno, EOPNOTSUPP) {
+				TH_LOG("%m - Failed to derive %s namespace from pidfd of process %d",
+				       info->name, self->pid);
+			}
+		}
 	}
 
 	/* Create task that exits right away. */
-	self->child_pid_exited = create_child(&self->child_pidfd_exited,
-					      CLONE_NEWUSER | CLONE_NEWNET);
+	self->child_pid_exited = create_child(&self->child_pidfd_exited, 0);
 	EXPECT_GE(self->child_pid_exited, 0);
 
-	if (self->child_pid_exited == 0)
+	if (self->child_pid_exited == 0) {
+		if (self->nsfds[PIDFD_NS_USER] >= 0 && unshare(CLONE_NEWUSER) < 0)
+			_exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+		if (self->nsfds[PIDFD_NS_NET] >= 0 && unshare(CLONE_NEWNET) < 0)
+			_exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
 		_exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
+	}
 
 	ASSERT_EQ(sys_waitid(P_PID, self->child_pid_exited, WEXITED | WNOWAIT), 0);
 
@@ -174,18 +240,43 @@ FIXTURE_SETUP(current_nsset)
 	EXPECT_EQ(ret, 0);
 
 	/* Create tasks that will be stopped. */
-	self->child_pid1 = create_child(&self->child_pidfd1,
-					CLONE_NEWUSER | CLONE_NEWNS |
-					CLONE_NEWCGROUP | CLONE_NEWIPC |
-					CLONE_NEWUTS | CLONE_NEWPID |
-					CLONE_NEWNET);
+	if (self->nsfds[PIDFD_NS_USER] >= 0 && self->nsfds[PIDFD_NS_PID] >= 0)
+		self->child_pid1 = create_child(&self->child_pidfd1, CLONE_NEWUSER | CLONE_NEWPID);
+	else if (self->nsfds[PIDFD_NS_PID] >= 0)
+		self->child_pid1 = create_child(&self->child_pidfd1, CLONE_NEWPID);
+	else if (self->nsfds[PIDFD_NS_USER] >= 0)
+		self->child_pid1 = create_child(&self->child_pidfd1, CLONE_NEWUSER);
+	else
+		self->child_pid1 = create_child(&self->child_pidfd1, 0);
 	EXPECT_GE(self->child_pid1, 0);
 
 	if (self->child_pid1 == 0) {
 		close(ipc_sockets[0]);
 
-		if (!switch_timens())
+		if (self->nsfds[PIDFD_NS_MNT] >= 0 && unshare(CLONE_NEWNS) < 0) {
+			TH_LOG("%m - Failed to unshare mount namespace for process %d", self->pid);
 			_exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+		}
+		if (self->nsfds[PIDFD_NS_CGROUP] >= 0 && unshare(CLONE_NEWCGROUP) < 0) {
+			TH_LOG("%m - Failed to unshare cgroup namespace for process %d", self->pid);
+			_exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+		}
+		if (self->nsfds[PIDFD_NS_IPC] >= 0 && unshare(CLONE_NEWIPC) < 0) {
+			TH_LOG("%m - Failed to unshare ipc namespace for process %d", self->pid);
+			_exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+		}
+		if (self->nsfds[PIDFD_NS_UTS] >= 0 && unshare(CLONE_NEWUTS) < 0) {
+			TH_LOG("%m - Failed to unshare uts namespace for process %d", self->pid);
+			_exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+		}
+		if (self->nsfds[PIDFD_NS_NET] >= 0 && unshare(CLONE_NEWNET) < 0) {
+			TH_LOG("%m - Failed to unshare net namespace for process %d", self->pid);
+			_exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+		}
+		if (self->nsfds[PIDFD_NS_TIME] >= 0 && !switch_timens()) {
+			TH_LOG("%m - Failed to unshare time namespace for process %d", self->pid);
+			_exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+		}
 
 		if (write_nointr(ipc_sockets[1], "1", 1) < 0)
 			_exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
@@ -203,18 +294,43 @@ FIXTURE_SETUP(current_nsset)
 	ret = socketpair(AF_LOCAL, SOCK_STREAM | SOCK_CLOEXEC, 0, ipc_sockets);
 	EXPECT_EQ(ret, 0);
 
-	self->child_pid2 = create_child(&self->child_pidfd2,
-					CLONE_NEWUSER | CLONE_NEWNS |
-					CLONE_NEWCGROUP | CLONE_NEWIPC |
-					CLONE_NEWUTS | CLONE_NEWPID |
-					CLONE_NEWNET);
+	if (self->nsfds[PIDFD_NS_USER] >= 0 && self->nsfds[PIDFD_NS_PID] >= 0)
+		self->child_pid2 = create_child(&self->child_pidfd2, CLONE_NEWUSER | CLONE_NEWPID);
+	else if (self->nsfds[PIDFD_NS_PID] >= 0)
+		self->child_pid2 = create_child(&self->child_pidfd2, CLONE_NEWPID);
+	else if (self->nsfds[PIDFD_NS_USER] >= 0)
+		self->child_pid2 = create_child(&self->child_pidfd2, CLONE_NEWUSER);
+	else
+		self->child_pid2 = create_child(&self->child_pidfd2, 0);
 	EXPECT_GE(self->child_pid2, 0);
 
 	if (self->child_pid2 == 0) {
 		close(ipc_sockets[0]);
 
-		if (!switch_timens())
+		if (self->nsfds[PIDFD_NS_MNT] >= 0 && unshare(CLONE_NEWNS) < 0) {
+			TH_LOG("%m - Failed to unshare mount namespace for process %d", self->pid);
 			_exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+		}
+		if (self->nsfds[PIDFD_NS_CGROUP] >= 0 && unshare(CLONE_NEWCGROUP) < 0) {
+			TH_LOG("%m - Failed to unshare cgroup namespace for process %d", self->pid);
+			_exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+		}
+		if (self->nsfds[PIDFD_NS_IPC] >= 0 && unshare(CLONE_NEWIPC) < 0) {
+			TH_LOG("%m - Failed to unshare ipc namespace for process %d", self->pid);
+			_exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+		}
+		if (self->nsfds[PIDFD_NS_UTS] >= 0 && unshare(CLONE_NEWUTS) < 0) {
+			TH_LOG("%m - Failed to unshare uts namespace for process %d", self->pid);
+			_exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+		}
+		if (self->nsfds[PIDFD_NS_NET] >= 0 && unshare(CLONE_NEWNET) < 0) {
+			TH_LOG("%m - Failed to unshare net namespace for process %d", self->pid);
+			_exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+		}
+		if (self->nsfds[PIDFD_NS_TIME] >= 0 && !switch_timens()) {
+			TH_LOG("%m - Failed to unshare time namespace for process %d", self->pid);
+			_exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+		}
 
 		if (write_nointr(ipc_sockets[1], "1", 1) < 0)
 			_exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
@@ -267,6 +383,22 @@ FIXTURE_SETUP(current_nsset)
 				       info->name, self->child_pid1);
 			}
 		}
+
+		self->child_pidfd_derived_nsfds1[i] = ioctl(self->child_pidfd1, info->pidfd_ioctl, 0);
+		if (self->child_pidfd_derived_nsfds1[i] < 0) {
+			EXPECT_EQ(errno, EOPNOTSUPP) {
+				TH_LOG("%m - Failed to derive %s namespace from pidfd of process %d",
+				       info->name, self->child_pid1);
+			}
+		}
+
+		self->child_pidfd_derived_nsfds2[i] = ioctl(self->child_pidfd2, info->pidfd_ioctl, 0);
+		if (self->child_pidfd_derived_nsfds2[i] < 0) {
+			EXPECT_EQ(errno, EOPNOTSUPP) {
+				TH_LOG("%m - Failed to derive %s namespace from pidfd of process %d",
+				       info->name, self->child_pid2);
+			}
+		}
 	}
 
 	close(proc_fd);
@@ -288,6 +420,12 @@ FIXTURE_TEARDOWN(current_nsset)
 			close(self->child_nsfds1[i]);
 		if (self->child_nsfds2[i] >= 0)
 			close(self->child_nsfds2[i]);
+		if (self->child_pidfd_derived_nsfds[i] >= 0)
+			close(self->child_pidfd_derived_nsfds[i]);
+		if (self->child_pidfd_derived_nsfds1[i] >= 0)
+			close(self->child_pidfd_derived_nsfds1[i]);
+		if (self->child_pidfd_derived_nsfds2[i] >= 0)
+			close(self->child_pidfd_derived_nsfds2[i]);
 	}
 
 	if (self->child_pidfd1 >= 0)
@@ -446,6 +584,42 @@ TEST_F(current_nsset, nsfd_incremental_setns)
 	}
 }
 
+TEST_F(current_nsset, pidfd_derived_nsfd_incremental_setns)
+{
+	int i;
+	pid_t pid;
+
+	pid = getpid();
+	for (i = 0; i < PIDFD_NS_MAX; i++) {
+		const struct ns_info *info = &ns_info[i];
+		int nsfd;
+
+		if (self->child_pidfd_derived_nsfds1[i] < 0)
+			continue;
+
+		if (info->flag) {
+			ASSERT_EQ(setns(self->child_pidfd_derived_nsfds1[i], info->flag), 0) {
+				TH_LOG("%m - Failed to setns to %s namespace of %d via nsfd %d",
+				       info->name, self->child_pid1,
+				       self->child_pidfd_derived_nsfds1[i]);
+			}
+		}
+
+		/* Verify that we have changed to the correct namespaces. */
+		if (info->flag == CLONE_NEWPID)
+			nsfd = self->child_pidfd_derived_nsfds[i];
+		else
+			nsfd = self->child_pidfd_derived_nsfds1[i];
+		ASSERT_EQ(in_same_namespace(nsfd, pid, info->name), 1) {
+			TH_LOG("setns failed to place us correctly into %s namespace of %d via nsfd %d",
+			       info->name, self->child_pid1,
+			       self->child_pidfd_derived_nsfds1[i]);
+		}
+		TH_LOG("Managed to correctly setns to %s namespace of %d via nsfd %d",
+		       info->name, self->child_pid1, self->child_pidfd_derived_nsfds1[i]);
+	}
+}
+
 TEST_F(current_nsset, pidfd_one_shot_setns)
 {
 	unsigned flags = 0;
@@ -542,6 +716,28 @@ TEST_F(current_nsset, no_foul_play)
 		       info->name, self->child_pid2,
 		       self->child_nsfds2[i]);
 	}
+
+	/*
+	 * Can't setns to a user namespace outside of our hierarchy since we
+	 * don't have caps in there and didn't create it. That means that under
+	 * no circumstances should we be able to setns to any of the other
+	 * ones since they aren't owned by our user namespace.
+	 */
+	for (i = 0; i < PIDFD_NS_MAX; i++) {
+		const struct ns_info *info = &ns_info[i];
+
+		if (self->child_pidfd_derived_nsfds2[i] < 0 || !info->flag)
+			continue;
+
+		ASSERT_NE(setns(self->child_pidfd_derived_nsfds2[i], info->flag), 0) {
+			TH_LOG("Managed to setns to %s namespace of %d via nsfd %d",
+			       info->name, self->child_pid2,
+			       self->child_pidfd_derived_nsfds2[i]);
+		}
+		TH_LOG("%m - Correctly failed to setns to %s namespace of %d via nsfd %d",
+		       info->name, self->child_pid2,
+		       self->child_pidfd_derived_nsfds2[i]);
+	}
 }
 
 TEST(setns_einval)