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Merge branch 'x86-urgent-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip

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Pull straggler x86 fixes from Peter Anvin:
 "Three groups of patches:

  - EFI boot stub documentation and the ability to print error messages;
  - Removal for PTRACE_ARCH_PRCTL for x32 (obsolete interface which
    should never have been ported, and the port is broken and
    potentially dangerous.)
  - ftrace stack corruption fixes.  I'm not super-happy about the
    technical implementation, but it is probably the least invasive in
    the short term.  In the future I would like a single method for
    nesting the debug stack, however."

* 'x86-urgent-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip:
  x86, x32, ptrace: Remove PTRACE_ARCH_PRCTL for x32
  x86, efi: Add EFI boot stub documentation
  x86, efi; Add EFI boot stub console support
  x86, efi: Only close open files in error path
  ftrace/x86: Do not change stacks in DEBUG when calling lockdep
  x86: Allow nesting of the debug stack IDT setting
  x86: Reset the debug_stack update counter
  ftrace: Use breakpoint method to update ftrace caller
  ftrace: Synchronize variable setting with breakpoints
This commit is contained in:
Linus Torvalds 2012-06-02 16:17:03 -07:00
commit 63004afa71
11 changed files with 297 additions and 39 deletions
Show Stats Download Patch File Download Diff File Expand all files Collapse all files

65
Documentation/x86/efi-stub.txt Normal file
View File

@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
The EFI Boot Stub
---------------------------
On the x86 platform, a bzImage can masquerade as a PE/COFF image,
thereby convincing EFI firmware loaders to load it as an EFI
executable. The code that modifies the bzImage header, along with the
EFI-specific entry point that the firmware loader jumps to are
collectively known as the "EFI boot stub", and live in
arch/x86/boot/header.S and arch/x86/boot/compressed/eboot.c,
respectively.
By using the EFI boot stub it's possible to boot a Linux kernel
without the use of a conventional EFI boot loader, such as grub or
elilo. Since the EFI boot stub performs the jobs of a boot loader, in
a certain sense it *IS* the boot loader.
The EFI boot stub is enabled with the CONFIG_EFI_STUB kernel option.
**** How to install bzImage.efi
The bzImage located in arch/x86/boot/bzImage must be copied to the EFI
System Partiion (ESP) and renamed with the extension ".efi". Without
the extension the EFI firmware loader will refuse to execute it. It's
not possible to execute bzImage.efi from the usual Linux file systems
because EFI firmware doesn't have support for them.
**** Passing kernel parameters from the EFI shell
Arguments to the kernel can be passed after bzImage.efi, e.g.
fs0:> bzImage.efi console=ttyS0 root=/dev/sda4
**** The "initrd=" option
Like most boot loaders, the EFI stub allows the user to specify
multiple initrd files using the "initrd=" option. This is the only EFI
stub-specific command line parameter, everything else is passed to the
kernel when it boots.
The path to the initrd file must be an absolute path from the
beginning of the ESP, relative path names do not work. Also, the path
is an EFI-style path and directory elements must be separated with
backslashes (\). For example, given the following directory layout,
fs0:>
Kernels\
bzImage.efi
initrd-large.img
Ramdisks\
initrd-small.img
initrd-medium.img
to boot with the initrd-large.img file if the current working
directory is fs0:\Kernels, the following command must be used,
fs0:\Kernels> bzImage.efi initrd=\Kernels\initrd-large.img
Notice how bzImage.efi can be specified with a relative path. That's
because the image we're executing is interpreted by the EFI shell,
which understands relative paths, whereas the rest of the command line
is passed to bzImage.efi.

2
arch/x86/Kconfig
View File

@ -1506,6 +1506,8 @@ config EFI_STUB
This kernel feature allows a bzImage to be loaded directly
by EFI firmware without the use of a bootloader.
See Documentation/x86/efi-stub.txt for more information.
config SECCOMP
def_bool y
prompt "Enable seccomp to safely compute untrusted bytecode"

87
arch/x86/boot/compressed/eboot.c
View File

@ -16,6 +16,26 @@
static efi_system_table_t *sys_table;
static void efi_printk(char *str)
{
char *s8;
for (s8 = str; *s8; s8++) {
struct efi_simple_text_output_protocol *out;
efi_char16_t ch[2] = { 0 };
ch[0] = *s8;
out = (struct efi_simple_text_output_protocol *)sys_table->con_out;
if (*s8 == '\n') {
efi_char16_t nl[2] = { '\r', 0 };
efi_call_phys2(out->output_string, out, nl);
}
efi_call_phys2(out->output_string, out, ch);
}
}
static efi_status_t __get_map(efi_memory_desc_t **map, unsigned long *map_size,
unsigned long *desc_size)
{
@ -531,8 +551,10 @@ static efi_status_t handle_ramdisks(efi_loaded_image_t *image,
EFI_LOADER_DATA,
nr_initrds * sizeof(*initrds),
&initrds);
if (status != EFI_SUCCESS)
if (status != EFI_SUCCESS) {
efi_printk("Failed to alloc mem for initrds\n");
goto fail;
}
str = (char *)(unsigned long)hdr->cmd_line_ptr;
for (i = 0; i < nr_initrds; i++) {
@ -575,32 +597,42 @@ static efi_status_t handle_ramdisks(efi_loaded_image_t *image,
status = efi_call_phys3(boottime->handle_protocol,
image->device_handle, &fs_proto, &io);
if (status != EFI_SUCCESS)
if (status != EFI_SUCCESS) {
efi_printk("Failed to handle fs_proto\n");
goto free_initrds;
}
status = efi_call_phys2(io->open_volume, io, &fh);
if (status != EFI_SUCCESS)
if (status != EFI_SUCCESS) {
efi_printk("Failed to open volume\n");
goto free_initrds;
}
}
status = efi_call_phys5(fh->open, fh, &h, filename_16,
EFI_FILE_MODE_READ, (u64)0);
if (status != EFI_SUCCESS)
if (status != EFI_SUCCESS) {
efi_printk("Failed to open initrd file\n");
goto close_handles;
}
initrd->handle = h;
info_sz = 0;
status = efi_call_phys4(h->get_info, h, &info_guid,
&info_sz, NULL);
if (status != EFI_BUFFER_TOO_SMALL)
if (status != EFI_BUFFER_TOO_SMALL) {
efi_printk("Failed to get initrd info size\n");
goto close_handles;
}
grow:
status = efi_call_phys3(sys_table->boottime->allocate_pool,
EFI_LOADER_DATA, info_sz, &info);
if (status != EFI_SUCCESS)
if (status != EFI_SUCCESS) {
efi_printk("Failed to alloc mem for initrd info\n");
goto close_handles;
}
status = efi_call_phys4(h->get_info, h, &info_guid,
&info_sz, info);
@ -612,8 +644,10 @@ grow:
file_sz = info->file_size;
efi_call_phys1(sys_table->boottime->free_pool, info);
if (status != EFI_SUCCESS)
if (status != EFI_SUCCESS) {
efi_printk("Failed to get initrd info\n");
goto close_handles;
}
initrd->size = file_sz;
initrd_total += file_sz;
@ -629,11 +663,14 @@ grow:
*/
status = high_alloc(initrd_total, 0x1000,
&initrd_addr, hdr->initrd_addr_max);
if (status != EFI_SUCCESS)
if (status != EFI_SUCCESS) {
efi_printk("Failed to alloc highmem for initrds\n");
goto close_handles;
}
/* We've run out of free low memory. */
if (initrd_addr > hdr->initrd_addr_max) {
efi_printk("We've run out of free low memory\n");
status = EFI_INVALID_PARAMETER;
goto free_initrd_total;
}
@ -652,8 +689,10 @@ grow:
status = efi_call_phys3(fh->read,
initrds[j].handle,
&chunksize, addr);
if (status != EFI_SUCCESS)
if (status != EFI_SUCCESS) {
efi_printk("Failed to read initrd\n");
goto free_initrd_total;
}
addr += chunksize;
size -= chunksize;
}
@ -674,7 +713,7 @@ free_initrd_total:
low_free(initrd_total, initrd_addr);
close_handles:
for (k = j; k < nr_initrds; k++)
for (k = j; k < i; k++)
efi_call_phys1(fh->close, initrds[k].handle);
free_initrds:
efi_call_phys1(sys_table->boottime->free_pool, initrds);
@ -732,8 +771,10 @@ static efi_status_t make_boot_params(struct boot_params *boot_params,
options_size++; /* NUL termination */
status = low_alloc(options_size, 1, &cmdline);
if (status != EFI_SUCCESS)
if (status != EFI_SUCCESS) {
efi_printk("Failed to alloc mem for cmdline\n");
goto fail;
}
s1 = (u8 *)(unsigned long)cmdline;
s2 = (u16 *)options;
@ -895,12 +936,16 @@ struct boot_params *efi_main(void *handle, efi_system_table_t *_table)
status = efi_call_phys3(sys_table->boottime->handle_protocol,
handle, &proto, (void *)&image);
if (status != EFI_SUCCESS)
if (status != EFI_SUCCESS) {
efi_printk("Failed to get handle for LOADED_IMAGE_PROTOCOL\n");
goto fail;
}
status = low_alloc(0x4000, 1, (unsigned long *)&boot_params);
if (status != EFI_SUCCESS)
if (status != EFI_SUCCESS) {
efi_printk("Failed to alloc lowmem for boot params\n");
goto fail;
}
memset(boot_params, 0x0, 0x4000);
@ -933,8 +978,10 @@ struct boot_params *efi_main(void *handle, efi_system_table_t *_table)
if (status != EFI_SUCCESS) {
status = low_alloc(hdr->init_size, hdr->kernel_alignment,
&start);
if (status != EFI_SUCCESS)
if (status != EFI_SUCCESS) {
efi_printk("Failed to alloc mem for kernel\n");
goto fail;
}
}
hdr->code32_start = (__u32)start;
@ -945,19 +992,25 @@ struct boot_params *efi_main(void *handle, efi_system_table_t *_table)
status = efi_call_phys3(sys_table->boottime->allocate_pool,
EFI_LOADER_DATA, sizeof(*gdt),
(void **)&gdt);
if (status != EFI_SUCCESS)
if (status != EFI_SUCCESS) {
efi_printk("Failed to alloc mem for gdt structure\n");
goto fail;
}
gdt->size = 0x800;
status = low_alloc(gdt->size, 8, (unsigned long *)&gdt->address);
if (status != EFI_SUCCESS)
if (status != EFI_SUCCESS) {
efi_printk("Failed to alloc mem for gdt\n");
goto fail;
}
status = efi_call_phys3(sys_table->boottime->allocate_pool,
EFI_LOADER_DATA, sizeof(*idt),
(void **)&idt);
if (status != EFI_SUCCESS)
if (status != EFI_SUCCESS) {
efi_printk("Failed to alloc mem for idt structure\n");
goto fail;
}
idt->size = 0;
idt->address = 0;

6
arch/x86/boot/compressed/eboot.h
View File

@ -58,4 +58,10 @@ struct efi_uga_draw_protocol {
void *blt;
};
struct efi_simple_text_output_protocol {
void *reset;
void *output_string;
void *test_string;
};
#endif /* BOOT_COMPRESSED_EBOOT_H */

2
arch/x86/include/asm/ftrace.h
View File

@ -34,7 +34,7 @@
#ifndef __ASSEMBLY__
extern void mcount(void);
extern int modifying_ftrace_code;
extern atomic_t modifying_ftrace_code;
static inline unsigned long ftrace_call_adjust(unsigned long addr)
{

8
arch/x86/kernel/cpu/common.c
View File

@ -1101,14 +1101,20 @@ int is_debug_stack(unsigned long addr)
addr > (__get_cpu_var(debug_stack_addr) - DEBUG_STKSZ));
}
static DEFINE_PER_CPU(u32, debug_stack_use_ctr);
void debug_stack_set_zero(void)
{
this_cpu_inc(debug_stack_use_ctr);
load_idt((const struct desc_ptr *)&nmi_idt_descr);
}
void debug_stack_reset(void)
{
load_idt((const struct desc_ptr *)&idt_descr);
if (WARN_ON(!this_cpu_read(debug_stack_use_ctr)))
return;
if (this_cpu_dec_return(debug_stack_use_ctr) == 0)
load_idt((const struct desc_ptr *)&idt_descr);
}
#else /* CONFIG_X86_64 */

44
arch/x86/kernel/entry_64.S
View File

@ -190,6 +190,44 @@ ENDPROC(native_usergs_sysret64)
#endif
.endm
/*
* When dynamic function tracer is enabled it will add a breakpoint
* to all locations that it is about to modify, sync CPUs, update
* all the code, sync CPUs, then remove the breakpoints. In this time
* if lockdep is enabled, it might jump back into the debug handler
* outside the updating of the IST protection. (TRACE_IRQS_ON/OFF).
*
* We need to change the IDT table before calling TRACE_IRQS_ON/OFF to
* make sure the stack pointer does not get reset back to the top
* of the debug stack, and instead just reuses the current stack.
*/
#if defined(CONFIG_DYNAMIC_FTRACE) && defined(CONFIG_TRACE_IRQFLAGS)
.macro TRACE_IRQS_OFF_DEBUG
call debug_stack_set_zero
TRACE_IRQS_OFF
call debug_stack_reset
.endm
.macro TRACE_IRQS_ON_DEBUG
call debug_stack_set_zero
TRACE_IRQS_ON
call debug_stack_reset
.endm
.macro TRACE_IRQS_IRETQ_DEBUG offset=ARGOFFSET
bt $9,EFLAGS-\offset(%rsp) /* interrupts off? */
jnc 1f
TRACE_IRQS_ON_DEBUG
1:
.endm
#else
# define TRACE_IRQS_OFF_DEBUG TRACE_IRQS_OFF
# define TRACE_IRQS_ON_DEBUG TRACE_IRQS_ON
# define TRACE_IRQS_IRETQ_DEBUG TRACE_IRQS_IRETQ
#endif
/*
* C code is not supposed to know about undefined top of stack. Every time
* a C function with an pt_regs argument is called from the SYSCALL based
@ -1098,7 +1136,7 @@ ENTRY(\sym)
subq $ORIG_RAX-R15, %rsp
CFI_ADJUST_CFA_OFFSET ORIG_RAX-R15
call save_paranoid
TRACE_IRQS_OFF
TRACE_IRQS_OFF_DEBUG
movq %rsp,%rdi /* pt_regs pointer */
xorl %esi,%esi /* no error code */
subq $EXCEPTION_STKSZ, INIT_TSS_IST(\ist)
@ -1393,7 +1431,7 @@ paranoidzeroentry machine_check *machine_check_vector(%rip)
ENTRY(paranoid_exit)
DEFAULT_FRAME
DISABLE_INTERRUPTS(CLBR_NONE)
TRACE_IRQS_OFF
TRACE_IRQS_OFF_DEBUG
testl %ebx,%ebx /* swapgs needed? */
jnz paranoid_restore
testl $3,CS(%rsp)
@ -1404,7 +1442,7 @@ paranoid_swapgs:
RESTORE_ALL 8
jmp irq_return
paranoid_restore:
TRACE_IRQS_IRETQ 0
TRACE_IRQS_IRETQ_DEBUG 0
RESTORE_ALL 8
jmp irq_return
paranoid_userspace:

102
arch/x86/kernel/ftrace.c
View File

@ -100,7 +100,7 @@ static const unsigned char *ftrace_nop_replace(void)
}
static int
ftrace_modify_code(unsigned long ip, unsigned const char *old_code,
ftrace_modify_code_direct(unsigned long ip, unsigned const char *old_code,
unsigned const char *new_code)
{
unsigned char replaced[MCOUNT_INSN_SIZE];
@ -141,7 +141,20 @@ int ftrace_make_nop(struct module *mod,
old = ftrace_call_replace(ip, addr);
new = ftrace_nop_replace();
return ftrace_modify_code(rec->ip, old, new);
/*
* On boot up, and when modules are loaded, the MCOUNT_ADDR
* is converted to a nop, and will never become MCOUNT_ADDR
* again. This code is either running before SMP (on boot up)
* or before the code will ever be executed (module load).
* We do not want to use the breakpoint version in this case,
* just modify the code directly.
*/
if (addr == MCOUNT_ADDR)
return ftrace_modify_code_direct(rec->ip, old, new);
/* Normal cases use add_brk_on_nop */
WARN_ONCE(1, "invalid use of ftrace_make_nop");
return -EINVAL;
}
int ftrace_make_call(struct dyn_ftrace *rec, unsigned long addr)
@ -152,9 +165,47 @@ int ftrace_make_call(struct dyn_ftrace *rec, unsigned long addr)
old = ftrace_nop_replace();
new = ftrace_call_replace(ip, addr);
return ftrace_modify_code(rec->ip, old, new);
/* Should only be called when module is loaded */
return ftrace_modify_code_direct(rec->ip, old, new);
}
/*
* The modifying_ftrace_code is used to tell the breakpoint
* handler to call ftrace_int3_handler(). If it fails to
* call this handler for a breakpoint added by ftrace, then
* the kernel may crash.
*
* As atomic_writes on x86 do not need a barrier, we do not
* need to add smp_mb()s for this to work. It is also considered
* that we can not read the modifying_ftrace_code before
* executing the breakpoint. That would be quite remarkable if
* it could do that. Here's the flow that is required:
*
* CPU-0 CPU-1
*
* atomic_inc(mfc);
* write int3s
* <trap-int3> // implicit (r)mb
* if (atomic_read(mfc))
* call ftrace_int3_handler()
*
* Then when we are finished:
*
* atomic_dec(mfc);
*
* If we hit a breakpoint that was not set by ftrace, it does not
* matter if ftrace_int3_handler() is called or not. It will
* simply be ignored. But it is crucial that a ftrace nop/caller
* breakpoint is handled. No other user should ever place a
* breakpoint on an ftrace nop/caller location. It must only
* be done by this code.
*/
atomic_t modifying_ftrace_code __read_mostly;
static int
ftrace_modify_code(unsigned long ip, unsigned const char *old_code,
unsigned const char *new_code);
int ftrace_update_ftrace_func(ftrace_func_t func)
{
unsigned long ip = (unsigned long)(&ftrace_call);
@ -163,13 +214,17 @@ int ftrace_update_ftrace_func(ftrace_func_t func)
memcpy(old, &ftrace_call, MCOUNT_INSN_SIZE);
new = ftrace_call_replace(ip, (unsigned long)func);
/* See comment above by declaration of modifying_ftrace_code */
atomic_inc(&modifying_ftrace_code);
ret = ftrace_modify_code(ip, old, new);
atomic_dec(&modifying_ftrace_code);
return ret;
}
int modifying_ftrace_code __read_mostly;
/*
* A breakpoint was added to the code address we are about to
* modify, and this is the handle that will just skip over it.
@ -489,13 +544,46 @@ void ftrace_replace_code(int enable)
}
}
static int
ftrace_modify_code(unsigned long ip, unsigned const char *old_code,
unsigned const char *new_code)
{
int ret;
ret = add_break(ip, old_code);
if (ret)
goto out;
run_sync();
ret = add_update_code(ip, new_code);
if (ret)
goto fail_update;
run_sync();
ret = ftrace_write(ip, new_code, 1);
if (ret) {
ret = -EPERM;
goto out;
}
run_sync();
out:
return ret;
fail_update:
probe_kernel_write((void *)ip, &old_code[0], 1);
goto out;
}
void arch_ftrace_update_code(int command)
{
modifying_ftrace_code++;
/* See comment above by declaration of modifying_ftrace_code */
atomic_inc(&modifying_ftrace_code);
ftrace_modify_all_code(command);
modifying_ftrace_code--;
atomic_dec(&modifying_ftrace_code);
}
int __init ftrace_dyn_arch_init(void *data)

6
arch/x86/kernel/nmi.c
View File

@ -444,14 +444,16 @@ static inline void nmi_nesting_preprocess(struct pt_regs *regs)
*/
if (unlikely(is_debug_stack(regs->sp))) {
debug_stack_set_zero();
__get_cpu_var(update_debug_stack) = 1;
this_cpu_write(update_debug_stack, 1);
}
}
static inline void nmi_nesting_postprocess(void)
{
if (unlikely(__get_cpu_var(update_debug_stack)))
if (unlikely(this_cpu_read(update_debug_stack))) {
debug_stack_reset();
this_cpu_write(update_debug_stack, 0);
}
}
#endif

6
arch/x86/kernel/ptrace.c
View File

@ -1211,12 +1211,6 @@ static long x32_arch_ptrace(struct task_struct *child,
0, sizeof(struct user_i387_struct),
datap);
/* normal 64bit interface to access TLS data.
Works just like arch_prctl, except that the arguments
are reversed. */
case PTRACE_ARCH_PRCTL:
return do_arch_prctl(child, data, addr);
default:
return compat_ptrace_request(child, request, addr, data);
}

8
arch/x86/kernel/traps.c
View File

@ -303,8 +303,12 @@ gp_in_kernel:
dotraplinkage void __kprobes notrace do_int3(struct pt_regs *regs, long error_code)
{
#ifdef CONFIG_DYNAMIC_FTRACE
/* ftrace must be first, everything else may cause a recursive crash */
if (unlikely(modifying_ftrace_code) && ftrace_int3_handler(regs))
/*
* ftrace must be first, everything else may cause a recursive crash.
* See note by declaration of modifying_ftrace_code in ftrace.c
*/
if (unlikely(atomic_read(&modifying_ftrace_code)) &&
ftrace_int3_handler(regs))
return;
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_KGDB_LOW_LEVEL_TRAP