* Mitigate RFDS vulnerability

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Merge tag 'rfds-for-linus-2024-03-11' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip

Pull x86 RFDS mitigation from Dave Hansen:
 "RFDS is a CPU vulnerability that may allow a malicious userspace to
  infer stale register values from kernel space. Kernel registers can
  have all kinds of secrets in them so the mitigation is basically to
  wait until the kernel is about to return to userspace and has user
  values in the registers. At that point there is little chance of
  kernel secrets ending up in the registers and the microarchitectural
  state can be cleared.

  This leverages some recent robustness fixes for the existing MDS
  vulnerability. Both MDS and RFDS use the VERW instruction for
  mitigation"

* tag 'rfds-for-linus-2024-03-11' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip:
  KVM/x86: Export RFDS_NO and RFDS_CLEAR to guests
  x86/rfds: Mitigate Register File Data Sampling (RFDS)
  Documentation/hw-vuln: Add documentation for RFDS
  x86/mmio: Disable KVM mitigation when X86_FEATURE_CLEAR_CPU_BUF is set
This commit is contained in:
Linus Torvalds 2024-03-12 09:31:39 -07:00
commit 0e33cf955f
12 changed files with 278 additions and 9 deletions

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@ -516,6 +516,7 @@ What: /sys/devices/system/cpu/vulnerabilities
/sys/devices/system/cpu/vulnerabilities/mds
/sys/devices/system/cpu/vulnerabilities/meltdown
/sys/devices/system/cpu/vulnerabilities/mmio_stale_data
/sys/devices/system/cpu/vulnerabilities/reg_file_data_sampling
/sys/devices/system/cpu/vulnerabilities/retbleed
/sys/devices/system/cpu/vulnerabilities/spec_store_bypass
/sys/devices/system/cpu/vulnerabilities/spectre_v1

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@ -21,3 +21,4 @@ are configurable at compile, boot or run time.
cross-thread-rsb
srso
gather_data_sampling
reg-file-data-sampling

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@ -0,0 +1,104 @@
==================================
Register File Data Sampling (RFDS)
==================================
Register File Data Sampling (RFDS) is a microarchitectural vulnerability that
only affects Intel Atom parts(also branded as E-cores). RFDS may allow
a malicious actor to infer data values previously used in floating point
registers, vector registers, or integer registers. RFDS does not provide the
ability to choose which data is inferred. CVE-2023-28746 is assigned to RFDS.
Affected Processors
===================
Below is the list of affected Intel processors [#f1]_:
=================== ============
Common name Family_Model
=================== ============
ATOM_GOLDMONT 06_5CH
ATOM_GOLDMONT_D 06_5FH
ATOM_GOLDMONT_PLUS 06_7AH
ATOM_TREMONT_D 06_86H
ATOM_TREMONT 06_96H
ALDERLAKE 06_97H
ALDERLAKE_L 06_9AH
ATOM_TREMONT_L 06_9CH
RAPTORLAKE 06_B7H
RAPTORLAKE_P 06_BAH
ATOM_GRACEMONT 06_BEH
RAPTORLAKE_S 06_BFH
=================== ============
As an exception to this table, Intel Xeon E family parts ALDERLAKE(06_97H) and
RAPTORLAKE(06_B7H) codenamed Catlow are not affected. They are reported as
vulnerable in Linux because they share the same family/model with an affected
part. Unlike their affected counterparts, they do not enumerate RFDS_CLEAR or
CPUID.HYBRID. This information could be used to distinguish between the
affected and unaffected parts, but it is deemed not worth adding complexity as
the reporting is fixed automatically when these parts enumerate RFDS_NO.
Mitigation
==========
Intel released a microcode update that enables software to clear sensitive
information using the VERW instruction. Like MDS, RFDS deploys the same
mitigation strategy to force the CPU to clear the affected buffers before an
attacker can extract the secrets. This is achieved by using the otherwise
unused and obsolete VERW instruction in combination with a microcode update.
The microcode clears the affected CPU buffers when the VERW instruction is
executed.
Mitigation points
-----------------
VERW is executed by the kernel before returning to user space, and by KVM
before VMentry. None of the affected cores support SMT, so VERW is not required
at C-state transitions.
New bits in IA32_ARCH_CAPABILITIES
----------------------------------
Newer processors and microcode update on existing affected processors added new
bits to IA32_ARCH_CAPABILITIES MSR. These bits can be used to enumerate
vulnerability and mitigation capability:
- Bit 27 - RFDS_NO - When set, processor is not affected by RFDS.
- Bit 28 - RFDS_CLEAR - When set, processor is affected by RFDS, and has the
microcode that clears the affected buffers on VERW execution.
Mitigation control on the kernel command line
---------------------------------------------
The kernel command line allows to control RFDS mitigation at boot time with the
parameter "reg_file_data_sampling=". The valid arguments are:
========== =================================================================
on If the CPU is vulnerable, enable mitigation; CPU buffer clearing
on exit to userspace and before entering a VM.
off Disables mitigation.
========== =================================================================
Mitigation default is selected by CONFIG_MITIGATION_RFDS.
Mitigation status information
-----------------------------
The Linux kernel provides a sysfs interface to enumerate the current
vulnerability status of the system: whether the system is vulnerable, and
which mitigations are active. The relevant sysfs file is:
/sys/devices/system/cpu/vulnerabilities/reg_file_data_sampling
The possible values in this file are:
.. list-table::
* - 'Not affected'
- The processor is not vulnerable
* - 'Vulnerable'
- The processor is vulnerable, but no mitigation enabled
* - 'Vulnerable: No microcode'
- The processor is vulnerable but microcode is not updated.
* - 'Mitigation: Clear Register File'
- The processor is vulnerable and the CPU buffer clearing mitigation is
enabled.
References
----------
.. [#f1] Affected Processors
https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/developer/topic-technology/software-security-guidance/processors-affected-consolidated-product-cpu-model.html

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@ -1136,6 +1136,26 @@
The filter can be disabled or changed to another
driver later using sysfs.
reg_file_data_sampling=
[X86] Controls mitigation for Register File Data
Sampling (RFDS) vulnerability. RFDS is a CPU
vulnerability which may allow userspace to infer
kernel data values previously stored in floating point
registers, vector registers, or integer registers.
RFDS only affects Intel Atom processors.
on: Turns ON the mitigation.
off: Turns OFF the mitigation.
This parameter overrides the compile time default set
by CONFIG_MITIGATION_RFDS. Mitigation cannot be
disabled when other VERW based mitigations (like MDS)
are enabled. In order to disable RFDS mitigation all
VERW based mitigations need to be disabled.
For details see:
Documentation/admin-guide/hw-vuln/reg-file-data-sampling.rst
driver_async_probe= [KNL]
List of driver names to be probed asynchronously. *
matches with all driver names. If * is specified, the
@ -3394,6 +3414,7 @@
nospectre_bhb [ARM64]
nospectre_v1 [X86,PPC]
nospectre_v2 [X86,PPC,S390,ARM64]
reg_file_data_sampling=off [X86]
retbleed=off [X86]
spec_rstack_overflow=off [X86]
spec_store_bypass_disable=off [X86,PPC]

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@ -2623,6 +2623,17 @@ config MITIGATION_GDS_FORCE
If in doubt, say N.
config MITIGATION_RFDS
bool "RFDS Mitigation"
depends on CPU_SUP_INTEL
default y
help
Enable mitigation for Register File Data Sampling (RFDS) by default.
RFDS is a hardware vulnerability which affects Intel Atom CPUs. It
allows unprivileged speculative access to stale data previously
stored in floating point, vector and integer registers.
See also <file:Documentation/admin-guide/hw-vuln/reg-file-data-sampling.rst>
endif
config ARCH_HAS_ADD_PAGES

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@ -506,4 +506,5 @@
/* BUG word 2 */
#define X86_BUG_SRSO X86_BUG(1*32 + 0) /* AMD SRSO bug */
#define X86_BUG_DIV0 X86_BUG(1*32 + 1) /* AMD DIV0 speculation bug */
#define X86_BUG_RFDS X86_BUG(1*32 + 2) /* CPU is vulnerable to Register File Data Sampling */
#endif /* _ASM_X86_CPUFEATURES_H */

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@ -176,6 +176,14 @@
* CPU is not vulnerable to Gather
* Data Sampling (GDS).
*/
#define ARCH_CAP_RFDS_NO BIT(27) /*
* Not susceptible to Register
* File Data Sampling.
*/
#define ARCH_CAP_RFDS_CLEAR BIT(28) /*
* VERW clears CPU Register
* File.
*/
#define ARCH_CAP_XAPIC_DISABLE BIT(21) /*
* IA32_XAPIC_DISABLE_STATUS MSR

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@ -422,6 +422,13 @@ static void __init mmio_select_mitigation(void)
if (boot_cpu_has_bug(X86_BUG_MDS) || (boot_cpu_has_bug(X86_BUG_TAA) &&
boot_cpu_has(X86_FEATURE_RTM)))
setup_force_cpu_cap(X86_FEATURE_CLEAR_CPU_BUF);
/*
* X86_FEATURE_CLEAR_CPU_BUF could be enabled by other VERW based
* mitigations, disable KVM-only mitigation in that case.
*/
if (boot_cpu_has(X86_FEATURE_CLEAR_CPU_BUF))
static_branch_disable(&mmio_stale_data_clear);
else
static_branch_enable(&mmio_stale_data_clear);
@ -473,6 +480,57 @@ static int __init mmio_stale_data_parse_cmdline(char *str)
}
early_param("mmio_stale_data", mmio_stale_data_parse_cmdline);
#undef pr_fmt
#define pr_fmt(fmt) "Register File Data Sampling: " fmt
enum rfds_mitigations {
RFDS_MITIGATION_OFF,
RFDS_MITIGATION_VERW,
RFDS_MITIGATION_UCODE_NEEDED,
};
/* Default mitigation for Register File Data Sampling */
static enum rfds_mitigations rfds_mitigation __ro_after_init =
IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_MITIGATION_RFDS) ? RFDS_MITIGATION_VERW : RFDS_MITIGATION_OFF;
static const char * const rfds_strings[] = {
[RFDS_MITIGATION_OFF] = "Vulnerable",
[RFDS_MITIGATION_VERW] = "Mitigation: Clear Register File",
[RFDS_MITIGATION_UCODE_NEEDED] = "Vulnerable: No microcode",
};
static void __init rfds_select_mitigation(void)
{
if (!boot_cpu_has_bug(X86_BUG_RFDS) || cpu_mitigations_off()) {
rfds_mitigation = RFDS_MITIGATION_OFF;
return;
}
if (rfds_mitigation == RFDS_MITIGATION_OFF)
return;
if (x86_read_arch_cap_msr() & ARCH_CAP_RFDS_CLEAR)
setup_force_cpu_cap(X86_FEATURE_CLEAR_CPU_BUF);
else
rfds_mitigation = RFDS_MITIGATION_UCODE_NEEDED;
}
static __init int rfds_parse_cmdline(char *str)
{
if (!str)
return -EINVAL;
if (!boot_cpu_has_bug(X86_BUG_RFDS))
return 0;
if (!strcmp(str, "off"))
rfds_mitigation = RFDS_MITIGATION_OFF;
else if (!strcmp(str, "on"))
rfds_mitigation = RFDS_MITIGATION_VERW;
return 0;
}
early_param("reg_file_data_sampling", rfds_parse_cmdline);
#undef pr_fmt
#define pr_fmt(fmt) "" fmt
@ -498,11 +556,19 @@ static void __init md_clear_update_mitigation(void)
taa_mitigation = TAA_MITIGATION_VERW;
taa_select_mitigation();
}
if (mmio_mitigation == MMIO_MITIGATION_OFF &&
boot_cpu_has_bug(X86_BUG_MMIO_STALE_DATA)) {
/*
* MMIO_MITIGATION_OFF is not checked here so that mmio_stale_data_clear
* gets updated correctly as per X86_FEATURE_CLEAR_CPU_BUF state.
*/
if (boot_cpu_has_bug(X86_BUG_MMIO_STALE_DATA)) {
mmio_mitigation = MMIO_MITIGATION_VERW;
mmio_select_mitigation();
}
if (rfds_mitigation == RFDS_MITIGATION_OFF &&
boot_cpu_has_bug(X86_BUG_RFDS)) {
rfds_mitigation = RFDS_MITIGATION_VERW;
rfds_select_mitigation();
}
out:
if (boot_cpu_has_bug(X86_BUG_MDS))
pr_info("MDS: %s\n", mds_strings[mds_mitigation]);
@ -512,6 +578,8 @@ out:
pr_info("MMIO Stale Data: %s\n", mmio_strings[mmio_mitigation]);
else if (boot_cpu_has_bug(X86_BUG_MMIO_UNKNOWN))
pr_info("MMIO Stale Data: Unknown: No mitigations\n");
if (boot_cpu_has_bug(X86_BUG_RFDS))
pr_info("Register File Data Sampling: %s\n", rfds_strings[rfds_mitigation]);
}
static void __init md_clear_select_mitigation(void)
@ -519,11 +587,12 @@ static void __init md_clear_select_mitigation(void)
mds_select_mitigation();
taa_select_mitigation();
mmio_select_mitigation();
rfds_select_mitigation();
/*
* As MDS, TAA and MMIO Stale Data mitigations are inter-related, update
* and print their mitigation after MDS, TAA and MMIO Stale Data
* mitigation selection is done.
* As these mitigations are inter-related and rely on VERW instruction
* to clear the microarchitural buffers, update and print their status
* after mitigation selection is done for each of these vulnerabilities.
*/
md_clear_update_mitigation();
}
@ -2613,6 +2682,11 @@ static ssize_t mmio_stale_data_show_state(char *buf)
sched_smt_active() ? "vulnerable" : "disabled");
}
static ssize_t rfds_show_state(char *buf)
{
return sysfs_emit(buf, "%s\n", rfds_strings[rfds_mitigation]);
}
static char *stibp_state(void)
{
if (spectre_v2_in_eibrs_mode(spectre_v2_enabled) &&
@ -2772,6 +2846,9 @@ static ssize_t cpu_show_common(struct device *dev, struct device_attribute *attr
case X86_BUG_GDS:
return gds_show_state(buf);
case X86_BUG_RFDS:
return rfds_show_state(buf);
default:
break;
}
@ -2846,6 +2923,11 @@ ssize_t cpu_show_gds(struct device *dev, struct device_attribute *attr, char *bu
{
return cpu_show_common(dev, attr, buf, X86_BUG_GDS);
}
ssize_t cpu_show_reg_file_data_sampling(struct device *dev, struct device_attribute *attr, char *buf)
{
return cpu_show_common(dev, attr, buf, X86_BUG_RFDS);
}
#endif
void __warn_thunk(void)

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@ -1224,6 +1224,8 @@ static const __initconst struct x86_cpu_id cpu_vuln_whitelist[] = {
#define SRSO BIT(5)
/* CPU is affected by GDS */
#define GDS BIT(6)
/* CPU is affected by Register File Data Sampling */
#define RFDS BIT(7)
static const struct x86_cpu_id cpu_vuln_blacklist[] __initconst = {
VULNBL_INTEL_STEPPINGS(IVYBRIDGE, X86_STEPPING_ANY, SRBDS),
@ -1251,9 +1253,18 @@ static const struct x86_cpu_id cpu_vuln_blacklist[] __initconst = {
VULNBL_INTEL_STEPPINGS(TIGERLAKE, X86_STEPPING_ANY, GDS),
VULNBL_INTEL_STEPPINGS(LAKEFIELD, X86_STEPPING_ANY, MMIO | MMIO_SBDS | RETBLEED),
VULNBL_INTEL_STEPPINGS(ROCKETLAKE, X86_STEPPING_ANY, MMIO | RETBLEED | GDS),
VULNBL_INTEL_STEPPINGS(ATOM_TREMONT, X86_STEPPING_ANY, MMIO | MMIO_SBDS),
VULNBL_INTEL_STEPPINGS(ATOM_TREMONT_D, X86_STEPPING_ANY, MMIO),
VULNBL_INTEL_STEPPINGS(ATOM_TREMONT_L, X86_STEPPING_ANY, MMIO | MMIO_SBDS),
VULNBL_INTEL_STEPPINGS(ALDERLAKE, X86_STEPPING_ANY, RFDS),
VULNBL_INTEL_STEPPINGS(ALDERLAKE_L, X86_STEPPING_ANY, RFDS),
VULNBL_INTEL_STEPPINGS(RAPTORLAKE, X86_STEPPING_ANY, RFDS),
VULNBL_INTEL_STEPPINGS(RAPTORLAKE_P, X86_STEPPING_ANY, RFDS),
VULNBL_INTEL_STEPPINGS(RAPTORLAKE_S, X86_STEPPING_ANY, RFDS),
VULNBL_INTEL_STEPPINGS(ATOM_GRACEMONT, X86_STEPPING_ANY, RFDS),
VULNBL_INTEL_STEPPINGS(ATOM_TREMONT, X86_STEPPING_ANY, MMIO | MMIO_SBDS | RFDS),
VULNBL_INTEL_STEPPINGS(ATOM_TREMONT_D, X86_STEPPING_ANY, MMIO | RFDS),
VULNBL_INTEL_STEPPINGS(ATOM_TREMONT_L, X86_STEPPING_ANY, MMIO | MMIO_SBDS | RFDS),
VULNBL_INTEL_STEPPINGS(ATOM_GOLDMONT, X86_STEPPING_ANY, RFDS),
VULNBL_INTEL_STEPPINGS(ATOM_GOLDMONT_D, X86_STEPPING_ANY, RFDS),
VULNBL_INTEL_STEPPINGS(ATOM_GOLDMONT_PLUS, X86_STEPPING_ANY, RFDS),
VULNBL_AMD(0x15, RETBLEED),
VULNBL_AMD(0x16, RETBLEED),
@ -1287,6 +1298,24 @@ static bool arch_cap_mmio_immune(u64 ia32_cap)
ia32_cap & ARCH_CAP_SBDR_SSDP_NO);
}
static bool __init vulnerable_to_rfds(u64 ia32_cap)
{
/* The "immunity" bit trumps everything else: */
if (ia32_cap & ARCH_CAP_RFDS_NO)
return false;
/*
* VMMs set ARCH_CAP_RFDS_CLEAR for processors not in the blacklist to
* indicate that mitigation is needed because guest is running on a
* vulnerable hardware or may migrate to such hardware:
*/
if (ia32_cap & ARCH_CAP_RFDS_CLEAR)
return true;
/* Only consult the blacklist when there is no enumeration: */
return cpu_matches(cpu_vuln_blacklist, RFDS);
}
static void __init cpu_set_bug_bits(struct cpuinfo_x86 *c)
{
u64 ia32_cap = x86_read_arch_cap_msr();
@ -1403,6 +1432,9 @@ static void __init cpu_set_bug_bits(struct cpuinfo_x86 *c)
boot_cpu_has(X86_FEATURE_AVX))
setup_force_cpu_bug(X86_BUG_GDS);
if (vulnerable_to_rfds(ia32_cap))
setup_force_cpu_bug(X86_BUG_RFDS);
if (cpu_matches(cpu_vuln_whitelist, NO_MELTDOWN))
return;

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@ -1623,7 +1623,8 @@ static bool kvm_is_immutable_feature_msr(u32 msr)
ARCH_CAP_SKIP_VMENTRY_L1DFLUSH | ARCH_CAP_SSB_NO | ARCH_CAP_MDS_NO | \
ARCH_CAP_PSCHANGE_MC_NO | ARCH_CAP_TSX_CTRL_MSR | ARCH_CAP_TAA_NO | \
ARCH_CAP_SBDR_SSDP_NO | ARCH_CAP_FBSDP_NO | ARCH_CAP_PSDP_NO | \
ARCH_CAP_FB_CLEAR | ARCH_CAP_RRSBA | ARCH_CAP_PBRSB_NO | ARCH_CAP_GDS_NO)
ARCH_CAP_FB_CLEAR | ARCH_CAP_RRSBA | ARCH_CAP_PBRSB_NO | ARCH_CAP_GDS_NO | \
ARCH_CAP_RFDS_NO | ARCH_CAP_RFDS_CLEAR)
static u64 kvm_get_arch_capabilities(void)
{
@ -1655,6 +1656,8 @@ static u64 kvm_get_arch_capabilities(void)
data |= ARCH_CAP_SSB_NO;
if (!boot_cpu_has_bug(X86_BUG_MDS))
data |= ARCH_CAP_MDS_NO;
if (!boot_cpu_has_bug(X86_BUG_RFDS))
data |= ARCH_CAP_RFDS_NO;
if (!boot_cpu_has(X86_FEATURE_RTM)) {
/*

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@ -588,6 +588,7 @@ CPU_SHOW_VULN_FALLBACK(mmio_stale_data);
CPU_SHOW_VULN_FALLBACK(retbleed);
CPU_SHOW_VULN_FALLBACK(spec_rstack_overflow);
CPU_SHOW_VULN_FALLBACK(gds);
CPU_SHOW_VULN_FALLBACK(reg_file_data_sampling);
static DEVICE_ATTR(meltdown, 0444, cpu_show_meltdown, NULL);
static DEVICE_ATTR(spectre_v1, 0444, cpu_show_spectre_v1, NULL);
@ -602,6 +603,7 @@ static DEVICE_ATTR(mmio_stale_data, 0444, cpu_show_mmio_stale_data, NULL);
static DEVICE_ATTR(retbleed, 0444, cpu_show_retbleed, NULL);
static DEVICE_ATTR(spec_rstack_overflow, 0444, cpu_show_spec_rstack_overflow, NULL);
static DEVICE_ATTR(gather_data_sampling, 0444, cpu_show_gds, NULL);
static DEVICE_ATTR(reg_file_data_sampling, 0444, cpu_show_reg_file_data_sampling, NULL);
static struct attribute *cpu_root_vulnerabilities_attrs[] = {
&dev_attr_meltdown.attr,
@ -617,6 +619,7 @@ static struct attribute *cpu_root_vulnerabilities_attrs[] = {
&dev_attr_retbleed.attr,
&dev_attr_spec_rstack_overflow.attr,
&dev_attr_gather_data_sampling.attr,
&dev_attr_reg_file_data_sampling.attr,
NULL
};

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@ -75,6 +75,8 @@ extern ssize_t cpu_show_spec_rstack_overflow(struct device *dev,
struct device_attribute *attr, char *buf);
extern ssize_t cpu_show_gds(struct device *dev,
struct device_attribute *attr, char *buf);
extern ssize_t cpu_show_reg_file_data_sampling(struct device *dev,
struct device_attribute *attr, char *buf);
extern __printf(4, 5)
struct device *cpu_device_create(struct device *parent, void *drvdata,