License cleanup: add SPDX GPL-2.0 license identifier to files with no license
Many source files in the tree are missing licensing information, which
makes it harder for compliance tools to determine the correct license.
By default all files without license information are under the default
license of the kernel, which is GPL version 2.
Update the files which contain no license information with the 'GPL-2.0'
SPDX license identifier. The SPDX identifier is a legally binding
shorthand, which can be used instead of the full boiler plate text.
This patch is based on work done by Thomas Gleixner and Kate Stewart and
Philippe Ombredanne.
How this work was done:
Patches were generated and checked against linux-4.14-rc6 for a subset of
the use cases:
- file had no licensing information it it.
- file was a */uapi/* one with no licensing information in it,
- file was a */uapi/* one with existing licensing information,
Further patches will be generated in subsequent months to fix up cases
where non-standard license headers were used, and references to license
had to be inferred by heuristics based on keywords.
The analysis to determine which SPDX License Identifier to be applied to
a file was done in a spreadsheet of side by side results from of the
output of two independent scanners (ScanCode & Windriver) producing SPDX
tag:value files created by Philippe Ombredanne. Philippe prepared the
base worksheet, and did an initial spot review of a few 1000 files.
The 4.13 kernel was the starting point of the analysis with 60,537 files
assessed. Kate Stewart did a file by file comparison of the scanner
results in the spreadsheet to determine which SPDX license identifier(s)
to be applied to the file. She confirmed any determination that was not
immediately clear with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.
Criteria used to select files for SPDX license identifier tagging was:
- Files considered eligible had to be source code files.
- Make and config files were included as candidates if they contained >5
lines of source
- File already had some variant of a license header in it (even if <5
lines).
All documentation files were explicitly excluded.
The following heuristics were used to determine which SPDX license
identifiers to apply.
- when both scanners couldn't find any license traces, file was
considered to have no license information in it, and the top level
COPYING file license applied.
For non */uapi/* files that summary was:
SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|-------
GPL-2.0 11139
and resulted in the first patch in this series.
If that file was a */uapi/* path one, it was "GPL-2.0 WITH
Linux-syscall-note" otherwise it was "GPL-2.0". Results of that was:
SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|-------
GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note 930
and resulted in the second patch in this series.
- if a file had some form of licensing information in it, and was one
of the */uapi/* ones, it was denoted with the Linux-syscall-note if
any GPL family license was found in the file or had no licensing in
it (per prior point). Results summary:
SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|------
GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note 270
GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 169
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-2-Clause) 21
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause) 17
LGPL-2.1+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 15
GPL-1.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 14
((GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause) 5
LGPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 4
LGPL-2.1 WITH Linux-syscall-note 3
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR MIT) 3
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) AND MIT) 1
and that resulted in the third patch in this series.
- when the two scanners agreed on the detected license(s), that became
the concluded license(s).
- when there was disagreement between the two scanners (one detected a
license but the other didn't, or they both detected different
licenses) a manual inspection of the file occurred.
- In most cases a manual inspection of the information in the file
resulted in a clear resolution of the license that should apply (and
which scanner probably needed to revisit its heuristics).
- When it was not immediately clear, the license identifier was
confirmed with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.
- If there was any question as to the appropriate license identifier,
the file was flagged for further research and to be revisited later
in time.
In total, over 70 hours of logged manual review was done on the
spreadsheet to determine the SPDX license identifiers to apply to the
source files by Kate, Philippe, Thomas and, in some cases, confirmation
by lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.
Kate also obtained a third independent scan of the 4.13 code base from
FOSSology, and compared selected files where the other two scanners
disagreed against that SPDX file, to see if there was new insights. The
Windriver scanner is based on an older version of FOSSology in part, so
they are related.
Thomas did random spot checks in about 500 files from the spreadsheets
for the uapi headers and agreed with SPDX license identifier in the
files he inspected. For the non-uapi files Thomas did random spot checks
in about 15000 files.
In initial set of patches against 4.14-rc6, 3 files were found to have
copy/paste license identifier errors, and have been fixed to reflect the
correct identifier.
Additionally Philippe spent 10 hours this week doing a detailed manual
inspection and review of the 12,461 patched files from the initial patch
version early this week with:
- a full scancode scan run, collecting the matched texts, detected
license ids and scores
- reviewing anything where there was a license detected (about 500+
files) to ensure that the applied SPDX license was correct
- reviewing anything where there was no detection but the patch license
was not GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note to ensure that the applied
SPDX license was correct
This produced a worksheet with 20 files needing minor correction. This
worksheet was then exported into 3 different .csv files for the
different types of files to be modified.
These .csv files were then reviewed by Greg. Thomas wrote a script to
parse the csv files and add the proper SPDX tag to the file, in the
format that the file expected. This script was further refined by Greg
based on the output to detect more types of files automatically and to
distinguish between header and source .c files (which need different
comment types.) Finally Greg ran the script using the .csv files to
generate the patches.
Reviewed-by: Kate Stewart <kstewart@linuxfoundation.org>
Reviewed-by: Philippe Ombredanne <pombredanne@nexb.com>
Reviewed-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
2017-11-01 14:07:57 +00:00
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# SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
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2012-11-02 08:25:27 +00:00
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obj-$(CONFIG_F2FS_FS) += f2fs.o
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2013-11-10 15:13:19 +00:00
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f2fs-y := dir.o file.o inode.o namei.o hash.o super.o inline.o
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2012-11-02 08:25:27 +00:00
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f2fs-y += checkpoint.o gc.o data.o node.o segment.o recovery.o
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2017-06-14 09:39:47 +00:00
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f2fs-y += shrinker.o extent_cache.o sysfs.o
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2012-11-02 08:25:27 +00:00
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f2fs-$(CONFIG_F2FS_STAT_FS) += debug.o
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f2fs-$(CONFIG_F2FS_FS_XATTR) += xattr.o
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f2fs-$(CONFIG_F2FS_FS_POSIX_ACL) += acl.o
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f2fs: add fs-verity support
Add fs-verity support to f2fs. fs-verity is a filesystem feature that
enables transparent integrity protection and authentication of read-only
files. It uses a dm-verity like mechanism at the file level: a Merkle
tree is used to verify any block in the file in log(filesize) time. It
is implemented mainly by helper functions in fs/verity/. See
Documentation/filesystems/fsverity.rst for the full documentation.
The f2fs support for fs-verity consists of:
- Adding a filesystem feature flag and an inode flag for fs-verity.
- Implementing the fsverity_operations to support enabling verity on an
inode and reading/writing the verity metadata.
- Updating ->readpages() to verify data as it's read from verity files
and to support reading verity metadata pages.
- Updating ->write_begin(), ->write_end(), and ->writepages() to support
writing verity metadata pages.
- Calling the fs-verity hooks for ->open(), ->setattr(), and ->ioctl().
Like ext4, f2fs stores the verity metadata (Merkle tree and
fsverity_descriptor) past the end of the file, starting at the first 64K
boundary beyond i_size. This approach works because (a) verity files
are readonly, and (b) pages fully beyond i_size aren't visible to
userspace but can be read/written internally by f2fs with only some
relatively small changes to f2fs. Extended attributes cannot be used
because (a) f2fs limits the total size of an inode's xattr entries to
4096 bytes, which wouldn't be enough for even a single Merkle tree
block, and (b) f2fs encryption doesn't encrypt xattrs, yet the verity
metadata *must* be encrypted when the file is because it contains hashes
of the plaintext data.
Acked-by: Jaegeuk Kim <jaegeuk@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Chao Yu <yuchao0@huawei.com>
Signed-off-by: Eric Biggers <ebiggers@google.com>
2019-07-22 16:26:24 +00:00
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f2fs-$(CONFIG_FS_VERITY) += verity.o
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f2fs: support data compression
This patch tries to support compression in f2fs.
- New term named cluster is defined as basic unit of compression, file can
be divided into multiple clusters logically. One cluster includes 4 << n
(n >= 0) logical pages, compression size is also cluster size, each of
cluster can be compressed or not.
- In cluster metadata layout, one special flag is used to indicate cluster
is compressed one or normal one, for compressed cluster, following metadata
maps cluster to [1, 4 << n - 1] physical blocks, in where f2fs stores
data including compress header and compressed data.
- In order to eliminate write amplification during overwrite, F2FS only
support compression on write-once file, data can be compressed only when
all logical blocks in file are valid and cluster compress ratio is lower
than specified threshold.
- To enable compression on regular inode, there are three ways:
* chattr +c file
* chattr +c dir; touch dir/file
* mount w/ -o compress_extension=ext; touch file.ext
Compress metadata layout:
[Dnode Structure]
+-----------------------------------------------+
| cluster 1 | cluster 2 | ......... | cluster N |
+-----------------------------------------------+
. . . .
. . . .
. Compressed Cluster . . Normal Cluster .
+----------+---------+---------+---------+ +---------+---------+---------+---------+
|compr flag| block 1 | block 2 | block 3 | | block 1 | block 2 | block 3 | block 4 |
+----------+---------+---------+---------+ +---------+---------+---------+---------+
. .
. .
. .
+-------------+-------------+----------+----------------------------+
| data length | data chksum | reserved | compressed data |
+-------------+-------------+----------+----------------------------+
Changelog:
20190326:
- fix error handling of read_end_io().
- remove unneeded comments in f2fs_encrypt_one_page().
20190327:
- fix wrong use of f2fs_cluster_is_full() in f2fs_mpage_readpages().
- don't jump into loop directly to avoid uninitialized variables.
- add TODO tag in error path of f2fs_write_cache_pages().
20190328:
- fix wrong merge condition in f2fs_read_multi_pages().
- check compressed file in f2fs_post_read_required().
20190401
- allow overwrite on non-compressed cluster.
- check cluster meta before writing compressed data.
20190402
- don't preallocate blocks for compressed file.
- add lz4 compress algorithm
- process multiple post read works in one workqueue
Now f2fs supports processing post read work in multiple workqueue,
it shows low performance due to schedule overhead of multiple
workqueue executing orderly.
20190921
- compress: support buffered overwrite
C: compress cluster flag
V: valid block address
N: NEW_ADDR
One cluster contain 4 blocks
before overwrite after overwrite
- VVVV -> CVNN
- CVNN -> VVVV
- CVNN -> CVNN
- CVNN -> CVVV
- CVVV -> CVNN
- CVVV -> CVVV
20191029
- add kconfig F2FS_FS_COMPRESSION to isolate compression related
codes, add kconfig F2FS_FS_{LZO,LZ4} to cover backend algorithm.
note that: will remove lzo backend if Jaegeuk agreed that too.
- update codes according to Eric's comments.
20191101
- apply fixes from Jaegeuk
20191113
- apply fixes from Jaegeuk
- split workqueue for fsverity
20191216
- apply fixes from Jaegeuk
20200117
- fix to avoid NULL pointer dereference
[Jaegeuk Kim]
- add tracepoint for f2fs_{,de}compress_pages()
- fix many bugs and add some compression stats
- fix overwrite/mmap bugs
- address 32bit build error, reported by Geert.
- bug fixes when handling errors and i_compressed_blocks
Reported-by: <noreply@ellerman.id.au>
Signed-off-by: Chao Yu <yuchao0@huawei.com>
Signed-off-by: Jaegeuk Kim <jaegeuk@kernel.org>
2019-11-01 10:07:14 +00:00
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f2fs-$(CONFIG_F2FS_FS_COMPRESSION) += compress.o
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2021-08-20 03:52:28 +00:00
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f2fs-$(CONFIG_F2FS_IOSTAT) += iostat.o
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