linux/drivers/xen/time.c

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License cleanup: add SPDX GPL-2.0 license identifier to files with no license Many source files in the tree are missing licensing information, which makes it harder for compliance tools to determine the correct license. By default all files without license information are under the default license of the kernel, which is GPL version 2. Update the files which contain no license information with the 'GPL-2.0' SPDX license identifier. The SPDX identifier is a legally binding shorthand, which can be used instead of the full boiler plate text. This patch is based on work done by Thomas Gleixner and Kate Stewart and Philippe Ombredanne. How this work was done: Patches were generated and checked against linux-4.14-rc6 for a subset of the use cases: - file had no licensing information it it. - file was a */uapi/* one with no licensing information in it, - file was a */uapi/* one with existing licensing information, Further patches will be generated in subsequent months to fix up cases where non-standard license headers were used, and references to license had to be inferred by heuristics based on keywords. The analysis to determine which SPDX License Identifier to be applied to a file was done in a spreadsheet of side by side results from of the output of two independent scanners (ScanCode & Windriver) producing SPDX tag:value files created by Philippe Ombredanne. Philippe prepared the base worksheet, and did an initial spot review of a few 1000 files. The 4.13 kernel was the starting point of the analysis with 60,537 files assessed. Kate Stewart did a file by file comparison of the scanner results in the spreadsheet to determine which SPDX license identifier(s) to be applied to the file. She confirmed any determination that was not immediately clear with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation. Criteria used to select files for SPDX license identifier tagging was: - Files considered eligible had to be source code files. - Make and config files were included as candidates if they contained >5 lines of source - File already had some variant of a license header in it (even if <5 lines). All documentation files were explicitly excluded. The following heuristics were used to determine which SPDX license identifiers to apply. - when both scanners couldn't find any license traces, file was considered to have no license information in it, and the top level COPYING file license applied. For non */uapi/* files that summary was: SPDX license identifier # files ---------------------------------------------------|------- GPL-2.0 11139 and resulted in the first patch in this series. If that file was a */uapi/* path one, it was "GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note" otherwise it was "GPL-2.0". Results of that was: SPDX license identifier # files ---------------------------------------------------|------- GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note 930 and resulted in the second patch in this series. - if a file had some form of licensing information in it, and was one of the */uapi/* ones, it was denoted with the Linux-syscall-note if any GPL family license was found in the file or had no licensing in it (per prior point). Results summary: SPDX license identifier # files ---------------------------------------------------|------ GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note 270 GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 169 ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-2-Clause) 21 ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause) 17 LGPL-2.1+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 15 GPL-1.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 14 ((GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause) 5 LGPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 4 LGPL-2.1 WITH Linux-syscall-note 3 ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR MIT) 3 ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) AND MIT) 1 and that resulted in the third patch in this series. - when the two scanners agreed on the detected license(s), that became the concluded license(s). - when there was disagreement between the two scanners (one detected a license but the other didn't, or they both detected different licenses) a manual inspection of the file occurred. - In most cases a manual inspection of the information in the file resulted in a clear resolution of the license that should apply (and which scanner probably needed to revisit its heuristics). - When it was not immediately clear, the license identifier was confirmed with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation. - If there was any question as to the appropriate license identifier, the file was flagged for further research and to be revisited later in time. In total, over 70 hours of logged manual review was done on the spreadsheet to determine the SPDX license identifiers to apply to the source files by Kate, Philippe, Thomas and, in some cases, confirmation by lawyers working with the Linux Foundation. Kate also obtained a third independent scan of the 4.13 code base from FOSSology, and compared selected files where the other two scanners disagreed against that SPDX file, to see if there was new insights. The Windriver scanner is based on an older version of FOSSology in part, so they are related. Thomas did random spot checks in about 500 files from the spreadsheets for the uapi headers and agreed with SPDX license identifier in the files he inspected. For the non-uapi files Thomas did random spot checks in about 15000 files. In initial set of patches against 4.14-rc6, 3 files were found to have copy/paste license identifier errors, and have been fixed to reflect the correct identifier. Additionally Philippe spent 10 hours this week doing a detailed manual inspection and review of the 12,461 patched files from the initial patch version early this week with: - a full scancode scan run, collecting the matched texts, detected license ids and scores - reviewing anything where there was a license detected (about 500+ files) to ensure that the applied SPDX license was correct - reviewing anything where there was no detection but the patch license was not GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note to ensure that the applied SPDX license was correct This produced a worksheet with 20 files needing minor correction. This worksheet was then exported into 3 different .csv files for the different types of files to be modified. These .csv files were then reviewed by Greg. Thomas wrote a script to parse the csv files and add the proper SPDX tag to the file, in the format that the file expected. This script was further refined by Greg based on the output to detect more types of files automatically and to distinguish between header and source .c files (which need different comment types.) Finally Greg ran the script using the .csv files to generate the patches. Reviewed-by: Kate Stewart <kstewart@linuxfoundation.org> Reviewed-by: Philippe Ombredanne <pombredanne@nexb.com> Reviewed-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
2017-11-01 14:07:57 +00:00
// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
/*
* Xen stolen ticks accounting.
*/
#include <linux/kernel.h>
#include <linux/kernel_stat.h>
#include <linux/math64.h>
#include <linux/gfp.h>
xen/time: do not decrease steal time after live migration on xen After guest live migration on xen, steal time in /proc/stat (cpustat[CPUTIME_STEAL]) might decrease because steal returned by xen_steal_lock() might be less than this_rq()->prev_steal_time which is derived from previous return value of xen_steal_clock(). For instance, steal time of each vcpu is 335 before live migration. cpu 198 0 368 200064 1962 0 0 1340 0 0 cpu0 38 0 81 50063 492 0 0 335 0 0 cpu1 65 0 97 49763 634 0 0 335 0 0 cpu2 38 0 81 50098 462 0 0 335 0 0 cpu3 56 0 107 50138 374 0 0 335 0 0 After live migration, steal time is reduced to 312. cpu 200 0 370 200330 1971 0 0 1248 0 0 cpu0 38 0 82 50123 500 0 0 312 0 0 cpu1 65 0 97 49832 634 0 0 312 0 0 cpu2 39 0 82 50167 462 0 0 312 0 0 cpu3 56 0 107 50207 374 0 0 312 0 0 Since runstate times are cumulative and cleared during xen live migration by xen hypervisor, the idea of this patch is to accumulate runstate times to global percpu variables before live migration suspend. Once guest VM is resumed, xen_get_runstate_snapshot_cpu() would always return the sum of new runstate times and previously accumulated times stored in global percpu variables. Comment above HYPERVISOR_suspend() has been removed as it is inaccurate: the call can return an error code (e.g., possibly -EPERM in the future). Similar and more severe issue would impact prior linux 4.8-4.10 as discussed by Michael Las at https://0xstubs.org/debugging-a-flaky-cpu-steal-time-counter-on-a-paravirtualized-xen-guest, which would overflow steal time and lead to 100% st usage in top command for linux 4.8-4.10. A backport of this patch would fix that issue. [boris: added linux/slab.h to driver/xen/time.c, slightly reformatted commit message] References: https://0xstubs.org/debugging-a-flaky-cpu-steal-time-counter-on-a-paravirtualized-xen-guest Signed-off-by: Dongli Zhang <dongli.zhang@oracle.com> Reviewed-by: Boris Ostrovsky <boris.ostrovsky@oracle.com> Signed-off-by: Boris Ostrovsky <boris.ostrovsky@oracle.com>
2017-11-01 01:46:33 +00:00
#include <linux/slab.h>
#include <linux/static_call.h>
#include <asm/paravirt.h>
#include <asm/xen/hypervisor.h>
#include <asm/xen/hypercall.h>
#include <xen/events.h>
#include <xen/features.h>
#include <xen/interface/xen.h>
#include <xen/interface/vcpu.h>
#include <xen/xen-ops.h>
/* runstate info updated by Xen */
static DEFINE_PER_CPU(struct vcpu_runstate_info, xen_runstate);
xen/time: do not decrease steal time after live migration on xen After guest live migration on xen, steal time in /proc/stat (cpustat[CPUTIME_STEAL]) might decrease because steal returned by xen_steal_lock() might be less than this_rq()->prev_steal_time which is derived from previous return value of xen_steal_clock(). For instance, steal time of each vcpu is 335 before live migration. cpu 198 0 368 200064 1962 0 0 1340 0 0 cpu0 38 0 81 50063 492 0 0 335 0 0 cpu1 65 0 97 49763 634 0 0 335 0 0 cpu2 38 0 81 50098 462 0 0 335 0 0 cpu3 56 0 107 50138 374 0 0 335 0 0 After live migration, steal time is reduced to 312. cpu 200 0 370 200330 1971 0 0 1248 0 0 cpu0 38 0 82 50123 500 0 0 312 0 0 cpu1 65 0 97 49832 634 0 0 312 0 0 cpu2 39 0 82 50167 462 0 0 312 0 0 cpu3 56 0 107 50207 374 0 0 312 0 0 Since runstate times are cumulative and cleared during xen live migration by xen hypervisor, the idea of this patch is to accumulate runstate times to global percpu variables before live migration suspend. Once guest VM is resumed, xen_get_runstate_snapshot_cpu() would always return the sum of new runstate times and previously accumulated times stored in global percpu variables. Comment above HYPERVISOR_suspend() has been removed as it is inaccurate: the call can return an error code (e.g., possibly -EPERM in the future). Similar and more severe issue would impact prior linux 4.8-4.10 as discussed by Michael Las at https://0xstubs.org/debugging-a-flaky-cpu-steal-time-counter-on-a-paravirtualized-xen-guest, which would overflow steal time and lead to 100% st usage in top command for linux 4.8-4.10. A backport of this patch would fix that issue. [boris: added linux/slab.h to driver/xen/time.c, slightly reformatted commit message] References: https://0xstubs.org/debugging-a-flaky-cpu-steal-time-counter-on-a-paravirtualized-xen-guest Signed-off-by: Dongli Zhang <dongli.zhang@oracle.com> Reviewed-by: Boris Ostrovsky <boris.ostrovsky@oracle.com> Signed-off-by: Boris Ostrovsky <boris.ostrovsky@oracle.com>
2017-11-01 01:46:33 +00:00
static DEFINE_PER_CPU(u64[4], old_runstate_time);
/* return an consistent snapshot of 64-bit time/counter value */
static u64 get64(const u64 *p)
{
u64 ret;
if (BITS_PER_LONG < 64) {
u32 *p32 = (u32 *)p;
u32 h, l, h2;
/*
* Read high then low, and then make sure high is
* still the same; this will only loop if low wraps
* and carries into high.
* XXX some clean way to make this endian-proof?
*/
do {
h = READ_ONCE(p32[1]);
l = READ_ONCE(p32[0]);
h2 = READ_ONCE(p32[1]);
} while(h2 != h);
ret = (((u64)h) << 32) | l;
} else
ret = READ_ONCE(*p);
return ret;
}
xen/time: do not decrease steal time after live migration on xen After guest live migration on xen, steal time in /proc/stat (cpustat[CPUTIME_STEAL]) might decrease because steal returned by xen_steal_lock() might be less than this_rq()->prev_steal_time which is derived from previous return value of xen_steal_clock(). For instance, steal time of each vcpu is 335 before live migration. cpu 198 0 368 200064 1962 0 0 1340 0 0 cpu0 38 0 81 50063 492 0 0 335 0 0 cpu1 65 0 97 49763 634 0 0 335 0 0 cpu2 38 0 81 50098 462 0 0 335 0 0 cpu3 56 0 107 50138 374 0 0 335 0 0 After live migration, steal time is reduced to 312. cpu 200 0 370 200330 1971 0 0 1248 0 0 cpu0 38 0 82 50123 500 0 0 312 0 0 cpu1 65 0 97 49832 634 0 0 312 0 0 cpu2 39 0 82 50167 462 0 0 312 0 0 cpu3 56 0 107 50207 374 0 0 312 0 0 Since runstate times are cumulative and cleared during xen live migration by xen hypervisor, the idea of this patch is to accumulate runstate times to global percpu variables before live migration suspend. Once guest VM is resumed, xen_get_runstate_snapshot_cpu() would always return the sum of new runstate times and previously accumulated times stored in global percpu variables. Comment above HYPERVISOR_suspend() has been removed as it is inaccurate: the call can return an error code (e.g., possibly -EPERM in the future). Similar and more severe issue would impact prior linux 4.8-4.10 as discussed by Michael Las at https://0xstubs.org/debugging-a-flaky-cpu-steal-time-counter-on-a-paravirtualized-xen-guest, which would overflow steal time and lead to 100% st usage in top command for linux 4.8-4.10. A backport of this patch would fix that issue. [boris: added linux/slab.h to driver/xen/time.c, slightly reformatted commit message] References: https://0xstubs.org/debugging-a-flaky-cpu-steal-time-counter-on-a-paravirtualized-xen-guest Signed-off-by: Dongli Zhang <dongli.zhang@oracle.com> Reviewed-by: Boris Ostrovsky <boris.ostrovsky@oracle.com> Signed-off-by: Boris Ostrovsky <boris.ostrovsky@oracle.com>
2017-11-01 01:46:33 +00:00
static void xen_get_runstate_snapshot_cpu_delta(
struct vcpu_runstate_info *res, unsigned int cpu)
{
u64 state_time;
struct vcpu_runstate_info *state;
BUG_ON(preemptible());
state = per_cpu_ptr(&xen_runstate, cpu);
do {
state_time = get64(&state->state_entry_time);
rmb(); /* Hypervisor might update data. */
READ_ONCE: Enforce atomicity for {READ,WRITE}_ONCE() memory accesses {READ,WRITE}_ONCE() cannot guarantee atomicity for arbitrary data sizes. This can be surprising to callers that might incorrectly be expecting atomicity for accesses to aggregate structures, although there are other callers where tearing is actually permissable (e.g. if they are using something akin to sequence locking to protect the access). Linus sayeth: | We could also look at being stricter for the normal READ/WRITE_ONCE(), | and require that they are | | (a) regular integer types | | (b) fit in an atomic word | | We actually did (b) for a while, until we noticed that we do it on | loff_t's etc and relaxed the rules. But maybe we could have a | "non-atomic" version of READ/WRITE_ONCE() that is used for the | questionable cases? The slight snag is that we also have to support 64-bit accesses on 32-bit architectures, as these appear to be widespread and tend to work out ok if either the architecture supports atomic 64-bit accesses (x86, armv7) or if the variable being accesses represents a virtual address and therefore only requires 32-bit atomicity in practice. Take a step in that direction by introducing a variant of 'compiletime_assert_atomic_type()' and use it to check the pointer argument to {READ,WRITE}_ONCE(). Expose __{READ,WRITE}_ONCE() variants which are allowed to tear and convert the one broken caller over to the new macros. Suggested-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org> Cc: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au> Cc: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de> Signed-off-by: Will Deacon <will@kernel.org>
2019-12-13 14:47:02 +00:00
*res = __READ_ONCE(*state);
rmb(); /* Hypervisor might update data. */
} while (get64(&state->state_entry_time) != state_time ||
(state_time & XEN_RUNSTATE_UPDATE));
}
xen/time: do not decrease steal time after live migration on xen After guest live migration on xen, steal time in /proc/stat (cpustat[CPUTIME_STEAL]) might decrease because steal returned by xen_steal_lock() might be less than this_rq()->prev_steal_time which is derived from previous return value of xen_steal_clock(). For instance, steal time of each vcpu is 335 before live migration. cpu 198 0 368 200064 1962 0 0 1340 0 0 cpu0 38 0 81 50063 492 0 0 335 0 0 cpu1 65 0 97 49763 634 0 0 335 0 0 cpu2 38 0 81 50098 462 0 0 335 0 0 cpu3 56 0 107 50138 374 0 0 335 0 0 After live migration, steal time is reduced to 312. cpu 200 0 370 200330 1971 0 0 1248 0 0 cpu0 38 0 82 50123 500 0 0 312 0 0 cpu1 65 0 97 49832 634 0 0 312 0 0 cpu2 39 0 82 50167 462 0 0 312 0 0 cpu3 56 0 107 50207 374 0 0 312 0 0 Since runstate times are cumulative and cleared during xen live migration by xen hypervisor, the idea of this patch is to accumulate runstate times to global percpu variables before live migration suspend. Once guest VM is resumed, xen_get_runstate_snapshot_cpu() would always return the sum of new runstate times and previously accumulated times stored in global percpu variables. Comment above HYPERVISOR_suspend() has been removed as it is inaccurate: the call can return an error code (e.g., possibly -EPERM in the future). Similar and more severe issue would impact prior linux 4.8-4.10 as discussed by Michael Las at https://0xstubs.org/debugging-a-flaky-cpu-steal-time-counter-on-a-paravirtualized-xen-guest, which would overflow steal time and lead to 100% st usage in top command for linux 4.8-4.10. A backport of this patch would fix that issue. [boris: added linux/slab.h to driver/xen/time.c, slightly reformatted commit message] References: https://0xstubs.org/debugging-a-flaky-cpu-steal-time-counter-on-a-paravirtualized-xen-guest Signed-off-by: Dongli Zhang <dongli.zhang@oracle.com> Reviewed-by: Boris Ostrovsky <boris.ostrovsky@oracle.com> Signed-off-by: Boris Ostrovsky <boris.ostrovsky@oracle.com>
2017-11-01 01:46:33 +00:00
static void xen_get_runstate_snapshot_cpu(struct vcpu_runstate_info *res,
unsigned int cpu)
{
int i;
xen_get_runstate_snapshot_cpu_delta(res, cpu);
for (i = 0; i < 4; i++)
res->time[i] += per_cpu(old_runstate_time, cpu)[i];
}
void xen_manage_runstate_time(int action)
{
static struct vcpu_runstate_info *runstate_delta;
struct vcpu_runstate_info state;
int cpu, i;
switch (action) {
case -1: /* backup runstate time before suspend */
if (unlikely(runstate_delta))
pr_warn_once("%s: memory leak as runstate_delta is not NULL\n",
__func__);
runstate_delta = kmalloc_array(num_possible_cpus(),
sizeof(*runstate_delta),
GFP_ATOMIC);
if (unlikely(!runstate_delta)) {
pr_warn("%s: failed to allocate runstate_delta\n",
__func__);
return;
}
for_each_possible_cpu(cpu) {
xen_get_runstate_snapshot_cpu_delta(&state, cpu);
memcpy(runstate_delta[cpu].time, state.time,
sizeof(runstate_delta[cpu].time));
}
break;
case 0: /* backup runstate time after resume */
if (unlikely(!runstate_delta)) {
pr_warn("%s: cannot accumulate runstate time as runstate_delta is NULL\n",
__func__);
return;
}
for_each_possible_cpu(cpu) {
for (i = 0; i < 4; i++)
per_cpu(old_runstate_time, cpu)[i] +=
runstate_delta[cpu].time[i];
}
break;
default: /* do not accumulate runstate time for checkpointing */
break;
}
if (action != -1 && runstate_delta) {
kfree(runstate_delta);
runstate_delta = NULL;
}
}
/*
* Runstate accounting
*/
void xen_get_runstate_snapshot(struct vcpu_runstate_info *res)
{
xen_get_runstate_snapshot_cpu(res, smp_processor_id());
}
/* return true when a vcpu could run but has no real cpu to run on */
bool xen_vcpu_stolen(int vcpu)
{
return per_cpu(xen_runstate, vcpu).state == RUNSTATE_runnable;
}
u64 xen_steal_clock(int cpu)
{
struct vcpu_runstate_info state;
xen_get_runstate_snapshot_cpu(&state, cpu);
return state.time[RUNSTATE_runnable] + state.time[RUNSTATE_offline];
}
void xen_setup_runstate_info(int cpu)
{
struct vcpu_register_runstate_memory_area area;
area.addr.v = &per_cpu(xen_runstate, cpu);
if (HYPERVISOR_vcpu_op(VCPUOP_register_runstate_memory_area,
xen_vcpu_nr(cpu), &area))
BUG();
}
void __init xen_time_setup_guest(void)
{
bool xen_runstate_remote;
xen_runstate_remote = !HYPERVISOR_vm_assist(VMASST_CMD_enable,
VMASST_TYPE_runstate_update_flag);
static_call_update(pv_steal_clock, xen_steal_clock);
static_key_slow_inc(&paravirt_steal_enabled);
if (xen_runstate_remote)
static_key_slow_inc(&paravirt_steal_rq_enabled);
}