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linux/block/blk-mq-tag.h

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blk-mq: new multi-queue block IO queueing mechanism Linux currently has two models for block devices: - The classic request_fn based approach, where drivers use struct request units for IO. The block layer provides various helper functionalities to let drivers share code, things like tag management, timeout handling, queueing, etc. - The "stacked" approach, where a driver squeezes in between the block layer and IO submitter. Since this bypasses the IO stack, driver generally have to manage everything themselves. With drivers being written for new high IOPS devices, the classic request_fn based driver doesn't work well enough. The design dates back to when both SMP and high IOPS was rare. It has problems with scaling to bigger machines, and runs into scaling issues even on smaller machines when you have IOPS in the hundreds of thousands per device. The stacked approach is then most often selected as the model for the driver. But this means that everybody has to re-invent everything, and along with that we get all the problems again that the shared approach solved. This commit introduces blk-mq, block multi queue support. The design is centered around per-cpu queues for queueing IO, which then funnel down into x number of hardware submission queues. We might have a 1:1 mapping between the two, or it might be an N:M mapping. That all depends on what the hardware supports. blk-mq provides various helper functions, which include: - Scalable support for request tagging. Most devices need to be able to uniquely identify a request both in the driver and to the hardware. The tagging uses per-cpu caches for freed tags, to enable cache hot reuse. - Timeout handling without tracking request on a per-device basis. Basically the driver should be able to get a notification, if a request happens to fail. - Optional support for non 1:1 mappings between issue and submission queues. blk-mq can redirect IO completions to the desired location. - Support for per-request payloads. Drivers almost always need to associate a request structure with some driver private command structure. Drivers can tell blk-mq this at init time, and then any request handed to the driver will have the required size of memory associated with it. - Support for merging of IO, and plugging. The stacked model gets neither of these. Even for high IOPS devices, merging sequential IO reduces per-command overhead and thus increases bandwidth. For now, this is provided as a potential 3rd queueing model, with the hope being that, as it matures, it can replace both the classic and stacked model. That would get us back to having just 1 real model for block devices, leaving the stacked approach to dm/md devices (as it was originally intended). Contributions in this patch from the following people: Shaohua Li <shli@fusionio.com> Alexander Gordeev <agordeev@redhat.com> Christoph Hellwig <hch@infradead.org> Mike Christie <michaelc@cs.wisc.edu> Matias Bjorling <m@bjorling.me> Jeff Moyer <jmoyer@redhat.com> Acked-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de> Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
2013-10-24 08:20:05 +00:00
#ifndef INT_BLK_MQ_TAG_H
#define INT_BLK_MQ_TAG_H
blk-mq: move the cache friendly bitmap type of out blk-mq-tag We will use it for the pending list in blk-mq core as well. Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@fb.com>
2014-05-19 15:17:48 +00:00
#include "blk-mq.h"
blk-mq: implement new and more efficient tagging scheme blk-mq currently uses percpu_ida for tag allocation. But that only works well if the ratio between tag space and number of CPUs is sufficiently high. For most devices and systems, that is not the case. The end result if that we either only utilize the tag space partially, or we end up attempting to fully exhaust it and run into lots of lock contention with stealing between CPUs. This is not optimal. This new tagging scheme is a hybrid bitmap allocator. It uses two tricks to both be SMP friendly and allow full exhaustion of the space: 1) We cache the last allocated (or freed) tag on a per blk-mq software context basis. This allows us to limit the space we have to search. The key element here is not caching it in the shared tag structure, otherwise we end up dirtying more shared cache lines on each allocate/free operation. 2) The tag space is split into cache line sized groups, and each context will start off randomly in that space. Even up to full utilization of the space, this divides the tag users efficiently into cache line groups, avoiding dirtying the same one both between allocators and between allocator and freeer. This scheme shows drastically better behaviour, both on small tag spaces but on large ones as well. It has been tested extensively to show better performance for all the cases blk-mq cares about. Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@fb.com>
2014-05-09 15:36:49 +00:00
enum {
BT_WAIT_QUEUES = 8,
BT_WAIT_BATCH = 8,
};
struct bt_wait_state {
atomic_t wait_cnt;
wait_queue_head_t wait;
} ____cacheline_aligned_in_smp;
blk-mq: use sparser tag layout for lower queue depth For best performance, spreading tags over multiple cachelines makes the tagging more efficient on multicore systems. But since we have 8 * sizeof(unsigned long) tags per cacheline, we don't always get a nice spread. Attempt to spread the tags over at least 4 cachelines, using fewer number of bits per unsigned long if we have to. This improves tagging performance in setups with 32-128 tags. For higher depths, the spread is the same as before (BITS_PER_LONG tags per cacheline). Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@fb.com>
2014-05-09 19:41:15 +00:00
#define TAG_TO_INDEX(bt, tag) ((tag) >> (bt)->bits_per_word)
#define TAG_TO_BIT(bt, tag) ((tag) & ((1 << (bt)->bits_per_word) - 1))
blk-mq: implement new and more efficient tagging scheme blk-mq currently uses percpu_ida for tag allocation. But that only works well if the ratio between tag space and number of CPUs is sufficiently high. For most devices and systems, that is not the case. The end result if that we either only utilize the tag space partially, or we end up attempting to fully exhaust it and run into lots of lock contention with stealing between CPUs. This is not optimal. This new tagging scheme is a hybrid bitmap allocator. It uses two tricks to both be SMP friendly and allow full exhaustion of the space: 1) We cache the last allocated (or freed) tag on a per blk-mq software context basis. This allows us to limit the space we have to search. The key element here is not caching it in the shared tag structure, otherwise we end up dirtying more shared cache lines on each allocate/free operation. 2) The tag space is split into cache line sized groups, and each context will start off randomly in that space. Even up to full utilization of the space, this divides the tag users efficiently into cache line groups, avoiding dirtying the same one both between allocators and between allocator and freeer. This scheme shows drastically better behaviour, both on small tag spaces but on large ones as well. It has been tested extensively to show better performance for all the cases blk-mq cares about. Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@fb.com>
2014-05-09 15:36:49 +00:00
struct blk_mq_bitmap_tags {
unsigned int depth;
unsigned int wake_cnt;
blk-mq: use sparser tag layout for lower queue depth For best performance, spreading tags over multiple cachelines makes the tagging more efficient on multicore systems. But since we have 8 * sizeof(unsigned long) tags per cacheline, we don't always get a nice spread. Attempt to spread the tags over at least 4 cachelines, using fewer number of bits per unsigned long if we have to. This improves tagging performance in setups with 32-128 tags. For higher depths, the spread is the same as before (BITS_PER_LONG tags per cacheline). Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@fb.com>
2014-05-09 19:41:15 +00:00
unsigned int bits_per_word;
blk-mq: implement new and more efficient tagging scheme blk-mq currently uses percpu_ida for tag allocation. But that only works well if the ratio between tag space and number of CPUs is sufficiently high. For most devices and systems, that is not the case. The end result if that we either only utilize the tag space partially, or we end up attempting to fully exhaust it and run into lots of lock contention with stealing between CPUs. This is not optimal. This new tagging scheme is a hybrid bitmap allocator. It uses two tricks to both be SMP friendly and allow full exhaustion of the space: 1) We cache the last allocated (or freed) tag on a per blk-mq software context basis. This allows us to limit the space we have to search. The key element here is not caching it in the shared tag structure, otherwise we end up dirtying more shared cache lines on each allocate/free operation. 2) The tag space is split into cache line sized groups, and each context will start off randomly in that space. Even up to full utilization of the space, this divides the tag users efficiently into cache line groups, avoiding dirtying the same one both between allocators and between allocator and freeer. This scheme shows drastically better behaviour, both on small tag spaces but on large ones as well. It has been tested extensively to show better performance for all the cases blk-mq cares about. Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@fb.com>
2014-05-09 15:36:49 +00:00
unsigned int map_nr;
blk-mq: move the cache friendly bitmap type of out blk-mq-tag We will use it for the pending list in blk-mq core as well. Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@fb.com>
2014-05-19 15:17:48 +00:00
struct blk_align_bitmap *map;
blk-mq: implement new and more efficient tagging scheme blk-mq currently uses percpu_ida for tag allocation. But that only works well if the ratio between tag space and number of CPUs is sufficiently high. For most devices and systems, that is not the case. The end result if that we either only utilize the tag space partially, or we end up attempting to fully exhaust it and run into lots of lock contention with stealing between CPUs. This is not optimal. This new tagging scheme is a hybrid bitmap allocator. It uses two tricks to both be SMP friendly and allow full exhaustion of the space: 1) We cache the last allocated (or freed) tag on a per blk-mq software context basis. This allows us to limit the space we have to search. The key element here is not caching it in the shared tag structure, otherwise we end up dirtying more shared cache lines on each allocate/free operation. 2) The tag space is split into cache line sized groups, and each context will start off randomly in that space. Even up to full utilization of the space, this divides the tag users efficiently into cache line groups, avoiding dirtying the same one both between allocators and between allocator and freeer. This scheme shows drastically better behaviour, both on small tag spaces but on large ones as well. It has been tested extensively to show better performance for all the cases blk-mq cares about. Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@fb.com>
2014-05-09 15:36:49 +00:00
blk-mq: bitmap tag: fix races on shared ::wake_index fields Fix racy updates of shared blk_mq_bitmap_tags::wake_index and blk_mq_hw_ctx::wake_index fields. Cc: Ming Lei <tom.leiming@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Alexander Gordeev <agordeev@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@fb.com>
2014-06-18 05:12:35 +00:00
atomic_t wake_index;
blk-mq: implement new and more efficient tagging scheme blk-mq currently uses percpu_ida for tag allocation. But that only works well if the ratio between tag space and number of CPUs is sufficiently high. For most devices and systems, that is not the case. The end result if that we either only utilize the tag space partially, or we end up attempting to fully exhaust it and run into lots of lock contention with stealing between CPUs. This is not optimal. This new tagging scheme is a hybrid bitmap allocator. It uses two tricks to both be SMP friendly and allow full exhaustion of the space: 1) We cache the last allocated (or freed) tag on a per blk-mq software context basis. This allows us to limit the space we have to search. The key element here is not caching it in the shared tag structure, otherwise we end up dirtying more shared cache lines on each allocate/free operation. 2) The tag space is split into cache line sized groups, and each context will start off randomly in that space. Even up to full utilization of the space, this divides the tag users efficiently into cache line groups, avoiding dirtying the same one both between allocators and between allocator and freeer. This scheme shows drastically better behaviour, both on small tag spaces but on large ones as well. It has been tested extensively to show better performance for all the cases blk-mq cares about. Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@fb.com>
2014-05-09 15:36:49 +00:00
struct bt_wait_state *bs;
};
blk-mq: split out tag initialization, support shared tags Add a new blk_mq_tag_set structure that gets set up before we initialize the queue. A single blk_mq_tag_set structure can be shared by multiple queues. Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de> Modular export of blk_mq_{alloc,free}_tagset added by me. Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@fb.com>
2014-04-15 20:14:00 +00:00
/*
* Tag address space map.
*/
struct blk_mq_tags {
unsigned int nr_tags;
unsigned int nr_reserved_tags;
blk-mq: improve support for shared tags maps This adds support for active queue tracking, meaning that the blk-mq tagging maintains a count of active users of a tag set. This allows us to maintain a notion of fairness between users, so that we can distribute the tag depth evenly without starving some users while allowing others to try unfair deep queues. If sharing of a tag set is detected, each hardware queue will track the depth of its own queue. And if this exceeds the total depth divided by the number of active queues, the user is actively throttled down. The active queue count is done lazily to avoid bouncing that data between submitter and completer. Each hardware queue gets marked active when it allocates its first tag, and gets marked inactive when 1) the last tag is cleared, and 2) the queue timeout grace period has passed. Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@fb.com>
2014-05-13 21:10:52 +00:00
atomic_t active_queues;
blk-mq: implement new and more efficient tagging scheme blk-mq currently uses percpu_ida for tag allocation. But that only works well if the ratio between tag space and number of CPUs is sufficiently high. For most devices and systems, that is not the case. The end result if that we either only utilize the tag space partially, or we end up attempting to fully exhaust it and run into lots of lock contention with stealing between CPUs. This is not optimal. This new tagging scheme is a hybrid bitmap allocator. It uses two tricks to both be SMP friendly and allow full exhaustion of the space: 1) We cache the last allocated (or freed) tag on a per blk-mq software context basis. This allows us to limit the space we have to search. The key element here is not caching it in the shared tag structure, otherwise we end up dirtying more shared cache lines on each allocate/free operation. 2) The tag space is split into cache line sized groups, and each context will start off randomly in that space. Even up to full utilization of the space, this divides the tag users efficiently into cache line groups, avoiding dirtying the same one both between allocators and between allocator and freeer. This scheme shows drastically better behaviour, both on small tag spaces but on large ones as well. It has been tested extensively to show better performance for all the cases blk-mq cares about. Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@fb.com>
2014-05-09 15:36:49 +00:00
struct blk_mq_bitmap_tags bitmap_tags;
struct blk_mq_bitmap_tags breserved_tags;
blk-mq: split out tag initialization, support shared tags Add a new blk_mq_tag_set structure that gets set up before we initialize the queue. A single blk_mq_tag_set structure can be shared by multiple queues. Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de> Modular export of blk_mq_{alloc,free}_tagset added by me. Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@fb.com>
2014-04-15 20:14:00 +00:00
struct request **rqs;
struct list_head page_list;
blk-mq: add tag allocation policy This is the blk-mq part to support tag allocation policy. The default allocation policy isn't changed (though it's not a strict FIFO). The new policy is round-robin for libata. But it's a try-best implementation. If multiple tasks are competing, the tags returned will be mixed (which is unavoidable even with !mq, as requests from different tasks can be mixed in queue) Cc: Jens Axboe <axboe@fb.com> Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org> Cc: Christoph Hellwig <hch@infradead.org> Signed-off-by: Shaohua Li <shli@fb.com> Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@fb.com>
2015-01-23 21:18:00 +00:00
int alloc_policy;
blk-mq: Shared tag enhancements Storage controllers may expose multiple block devices that share hardware resources managed by blk-mq. This patch enhances the shared tags so a low-level driver can access the shared resources not tied to the unshared h/w contexts. This way the LLD can dynamically add and delete disks and request queues without having to track all the request_queue hctx's to iterate outstanding tags. Signed-off-by: Keith Busch <keith.busch@intel.com> Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@fb.com>
2015-06-01 15:29:53 +00:00
cpumask_var_t cpumask;
blk-mq: split out tag initialization, support shared tags Add a new blk_mq_tag_set structure that gets set up before we initialize the queue. A single blk_mq_tag_set structure can be shared by multiple queues. Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de> Modular export of blk_mq_{alloc,free}_tagset added by me. Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@fb.com>
2014-04-15 20:14:00 +00:00
};
blk-mq: new multi-queue block IO queueing mechanism Linux currently has two models for block devices: - The classic request_fn based approach, where drivers use struct request units for IO. The block layer provides various helper functionalities to let drivers share code, things like tag management, timeout handling, queueing, etc. - The "stacked" approach, where a driver squeezes in between the block layer and IO submitter. Since this bypasses the IO stack, driver generally have to manage everything themselves. With drivers being written for new high IOPS devices, the classic request_fn based driver doesn't work well enough. The design dates back to when both SMP and high IOPS was rare. It has problems with scaling to bigger machines, and runs into scaling issues even on smaller machines when you have IOPS in the hundreds of thousands per device. The stacked approach is then most often selected as the model for the driver. But this means that everybody has to re-invent everything, and along with that we get all the problems again that the shared approach solved. This commit introduces blk-mq, block multi queue support. The design is centered around per-cpu queues for queueing IO, which then funnel down into x number of hardware submission queues. We might have a 1:1 mapping between the two, or it might be an N:M mapping. That all depends on what the hardware supports. blk-mq provides various helper functions, which include: - Scalable support for request tagging. Most devices need to be able to uniquely identify a request both in the driver and to the hardware. The tagging uses per-cpu caches for freed tags, to enable cache hot reuse. - Timeout handling without tracking request on a per-device basis. Basically the driver should be able to get a notification, if a request happens to fail. - Optional support for non 1:1 mappings between issue and submission queues. blk-mq can redirect IO completions to the desired location. - Support for per-request payloads. Drivers almost always need to associate a request structure with some driver private command structure. Drivers can tell blk-mq this at init time, and then any request handed to the driver will have the required size of memory associated with it. - Support for merging of IO, and plugging. The stacked model gets neither of these. Even for high IOPS devices, merging sequential IO reduces per-command overhead and thus increases bandwidth. For now, this is provided as a potential 3rd queueing model, with the hope being that, as it matures, it can replace both the classic and stacked model. That would get us back to having just 1 real model for block devices, leaving the stacked approach to dm/md devices (as it was originally intended). Contributions in this patch from the following people: Shaohua Li <shli@fusionio.com> Alexander Gordeev <agordeev@redhat.com> Christoph Hellwig <hch@infradead.org> Mike Christie <michaelc@cs.wisc.edu> Matias Bjorling <m@bjorling.me> Jeff Moyer <jmoyer@redhat.com> Acked-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de> Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
2013-10-24 08:20:05 +00:00
blk-mq: add tag allocation policy This is the blk-mq part to support tag allocation policy. The default allocation policy isn't changed (though it's not a strict FIFO). The new policy is round-robin for libata. But it's a try-best implementation. If multiple tasks are competing, the tags returned will be mixed (which is unavoidable even with !mq, as requests from different tasks can be mixed in queue) Cc: Jens Axboe <axboe@fb.com> Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org> Cc: Christoph Hellwig <hch@infradead.org> Signed-off-by: Shaohua Li <shli@fb.com> Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@fb.com>
2015-01-23 21:18:00 +00:00
extern struct blk_mq_tags *blk_mq_init_tags(unsigned int nr_tags, unsigned int reserved_tags, int node, int alloc_policy);
blk-mq: new multi-queue block IO queueing mechanism Linux currently has two models for block devices: - The classic request_fn based approach, where drivers use struct request units for IO. The block layer provides various helper functionalities to let drivers share code, things like tag management, timeout handling, queueing, etc. - The "stacked" approach, where a driver squeezes in between the block layer and IO submitter. Since this bypasses the IO stack, driver generally have to manage everything themselves. With drivers being written for new high IOPS devices, the classic request_fn based driver doesn't work well enough. The design dates back to when both SMP and high IOPS was rare. It has problems with scaling to bigger machines, and runs into scaling issues even on smaller machines when you have IOPS in the hundreds of thousands per device. The stacked approach is then most often selected as the model for the driver. But this means that everybody has to re-invent everything, and along with that we get all the problems again that the shared approach solved. This commit introduces blk-mq, block multi queue support. The design is centered around per-cpu queues for queueing IO, which then funnel down into x number of hardware submission queues. We might have a 1:1 mapping between the two, or it might be an N:M mapping. That all depends on what the hardware supports. blk-mq provides various helper functions, which include: - Scalable support for request tagging. Most devices need to be able to uniquely identify a request both in the driver and to the hardware. The tagging uses per-cpu caches for freed tags, to enable cache hot reuse. - Timeout handling without tracking request on a per-device basis. Basically the driver should be able to get a notification, if a request happens to fail. - Optional support for non 1:1 mappings between issue and submission queues. blk-mq can redirect IO completions to the desired location. - Support for per-request payloads. Drivers almost always need to associate a request structure with some driver private command structure. Drivers can tell blk-mq this at init time, and then any request handed to the driver will have the required size of memory associated with it. - Support for merging of IO, and plugging. The stacked model gets neither of these. Even for high IOPS devices, merging sequential IO reduces per-command overhead and thus increases bandwidth. For now, this is provided as a potential 3rd queueing model, with the hope being that, as it matures, it can replace both the classic and stacked model. That would get us back to having just 1 real model for block devices, leaving the stacked approach to dm/md devices (as it was originally intended). Contributions in this patch from the following people: Shaohua Li <shli@fusionio.com> Alexander Gordeev <agordeev@redhat.com> Christoph Hellwig <hch@infradead.org> Mike Christie <michaelc@cs.wisc.edu> Matias Bjorling <m@bjorling.me> Jeff Moyer <jmoyer@redhat.com> Acked-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de> Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
2013-10-24 08:20:05 +00:00
extern void blk_mq_free_tags(struct blk_mq_tags *tags);
blk-mq: fix schedule from atomic context blk_mq_put_ctx() has to be called before io_schedule() in bt_get(). This patch fixes the problem by taking similar approach from percpu_ida allocation for the situation. Signed-off-by: Ming Lei <tom.leiming@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@fb.com>
2014-05-31 16:43:37 +00:00
extern unsigned int blk_mq_get_tag(struct blk_mq_alloc_data *data);
blk-mq: improve support for shared tags maps This adds support for active queue tracking, meaning that the blk-mq tagging maintains a count of active users of a tag set. This allows us to maintain a notion of fairness between users, so that we can distribute the tag depth evenly without starving some users while allowing others to try unfair deep queues. If sharing of a tag set is detected, each hardware queue will track the depth of its own queue. And if this exceeds the total depth divided by the number of active queues, the user is actively throttled down. The active queue count is done lazily to avoid bouncing that data between submitter and completer. Each hardware queue gets marked active when it allocates its first tag, and gets marked inactive when 1) the last tag is cleared, and 2) the queue timeout grace period has passed. Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@fb.com>
2014-05-13 21:10:52 +00:00
extern void blk_mq_put_tag(struct blk_mq_hw_ctx *hctx, unsigned int tag, unsigned int *last_tag);
blk-mq: new multi-queue block IO queueing mechanism Linux currently has two models for block devices: - The classic request_fn based approach, where drivers use struct request units for IO. The block layer provides various helper functionalities to let drivers share code, things like tag management, timeout handling, queueing, etc. - The "stacked" approach, where a driver squeezes in between the block layer and IO submitter. Since this bypasses the IO stack, driver generally have to manage everything themselves. With drivers being written for new high IOPS devices, the classic request_fn based driver doesn't work well enough. The design dates back to when both SMP and high IOPS was rare. It has problems with scaling to bigger machines, and runs into scaling issues even on smaller machines when you have IOPS in the hundreds of thousands per device. The stacked approach is then most often selected as the model for the driver. But this means that everybody has to re-invent everything, and along with that we get all the problems again that the shared approach solved. This commit introduces blk-mq, block multi queue support. The design is centered around per-cpu queues for queueing IO, which then funnel down into x number of hardware submission queues. We might have a 1:1 mapping between the two, or it might be an N:M mapping. That all depends on what the hardware supports. blk-mq provides various helper functions, which include: - Scalable support for request tagging. Most devices need to be able to uniquely identify a request both in the driver and to the hardware. The tagging uses per-cpu caches for freed tags, to enable cache hot reuse. - Timeout handling without tracking request on a per-device basis. Basically the driver should be able to get a notification, if a request happens to fail. - Optional support for non 1:1 mappings between issue and submission queues. blk-mq can redirect IO completions to the desired location. - Support for per-request payloads. Drivers almost always need to associate a request structure with some driver private command structure. Drivers can tell blk-mq this at init time, and then any request handed to the driver will have the required size of memory associated with it. - Support for merging of IO, and plugging. The stacked model gets neither of these. Even for high IOPS devices, merging sequential IO reduces per-command overhead and thus increases bandwidth. For now, this is provided as a potential 3rd queueing model, with the hope being that, as it matures, it can replace both the classic and stacked model. That would get us back to having just 1 real model for block devices, leaving the stacked approach to dm/md devices (as it was originally intended). Contributions in this patch from the following people: Shaohua Li <shli@fusionio.com> Alexander Gordeev <agordeev@redhat.com> Christoph Hellwig <hch@infradead.org> Mike Christie <michaelc@cs.wisc.edu> Matias Bjorling <m@bjorling.me> Jeff Moyer <jmoyer@redhat.com> Acked-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de> Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
2013-10-24 08:20:05 +00:00
extern bool blk_mq_has_free_tags(struct blk_mq_tags *tags);
extern ssize_t blk_mq_tag_sysfs_show(struct blk_mq_tags *tags, char *page);
blk-mq: implement new and more efficient tagging scheme blk-mq currently uses percpu_ida for tag allocation. But that only works well if the ratio between tag space and number of CPUs is sufficiently high. For most devices and systems, that is not the case. The end result if that we either only utilize the tag space partially, or we end up attempting to fully exhaust it and run into lots of lock contention with stealing between CPUs. This is not optimal. This new tagging scheme is a hybrid bitmap allocator. It uses two tricks to both be SMP friendly and allow full exhaustion of the space: 1) We cache the last allocated (or freed) tag on a per blk-mq software context basis. This allows us to limit the space we have to search. The key element here is not caching it in the shared tag structure, otherwise we end up dirtying more shared cache lines on each allocate/free operation. 2) The tag space is split into cache line sized groups, and each context will start off randomly in that space. Even up to full utilization of the space, this divides the tag users efficiently into cache line groups, avoiding dirtying the same one both between allocators and between allocator and freeer. This scheme shows drastically better behaviour, both on small tag spaces but on large ones as well. It has been tested extensively to show better performance for all the cases blk-mq cares about. Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@fb.com>
2014-05-09 15:36:49 +00:00
extern void blk_mq_tag_init_last_tag(struct blk_mq_tags *tags, unsigned int *last_tag);
blk-mq: allow changing of queue depth through sysfs For request_fn based devices, the block layer exports a 'nr_requests' file through sysfs to allow adjusting of queue depth on the fly. Currently this returns -EINVAL for blk-mq, since it's not wired up. Wire this up for blk-mq, so that it now also always dynamic adjustments of the allowed queue depth for any given block device managed by blk-mq. Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@fb.com>
2014-05-20 17:49:02 +00:00
extern int blk_mq_tag_update_depth(struct blk_mq_tags *tags, unsigned int depth);
block: wake up waiters when a queue is marked dying If it's dying, we can't expect new request to complete and come in an wake up other tasks waiting for requests. So after we have marked it as dying, wake up everybody currently waiting for a request. Once they wake, they will retry their allocation and fail appropriately due to the state of the queue. Tested-by: Keith Busch <keith.busch@intel.com> Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@fb.com>
2014-12-22 21:04:42 +00:00
extern void blk_mq_tag_wakeup_all(struct blk_mq_tags *tags, bool);
blk-mq: factor out a helper to iterate all tags for a request_queue And replace the blk_mq_tag_busy_iter with it - the driver use has been replaced with a new helper a while ago, and internal to the block we only need the new version. Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de> Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@fb.com>
2015-09-27 19:01:51 +00:00
void blk_mq_queue_tag_busy_iter(struct request_queue *q, busy_iter_fn *fn,
void *priv);
blk-mq: new multi-queue block IO queueing mechanism Linux currently has two models for block devices: - The classic request_fn based approach, where drivers use struct request units for IO. The block layer provides various helper functionalities to let drivers share code, things like tag management, timeout handling, queueing, etc. - The "stacked" approach, where a driver squeezes in between the block layer and IO submitter. Since this bypasses the IO stack, driver generally have to manage everything themselves. With drivers being written for new high IOPS devices, the classic request_fn based driver doesn't work well enough. The design dates back to when both SMP and high IOPS was rare. It has problems with scaling to bigger machines, and runs into scaling issues even on smaller machines when you have IOPS in the hundreds of thousands per device. The stacked approach is then most often selected as the model for the driver. But this means that everybody has to re-invent everything, and along with that we get all the problems again that the shared approach solved. This commit introduces blk-mq, block multi queue support. The design is centered around per-cpu queues for queueing IO, which then funnel down into x number of hardware submission queues. We might have a 1:1 mapping between the two, or it might be an N:M mapping. That all depends on what the hardware supports. blk-mq provides various helper functions, which include: - Scalable support for request tagging. Most devices need to be able to uniquely identify a request both in the driver and to the hardware. The tagging uses per-cpu caches for freed tags, to enable cache hot reuse. - Timeout handling without tracking request on a per-device basis. Basically the driver should be able to get a notification, if a request happens to fail. - Optional support for non 1:1 mappings between issue and submission queues. blk-mq can redirect IO completions to the desired location. - Support for per-request payloads. Drivers almost always need to associate a request structure with some driver private command structure. Drivers can tell blk-mq this at init time, and then any request handed to the driver will have the required size of memory associated with it. - Support for merging of IO, and plugging. The stacked model gets neither of these. Even for high IOPS devices, merging sequential IO reduces per-command overhead and thus increases bandwidth. For now, this is provided as a potential 3rd queueing model, with the hope being that, as it matures, it can replace both the classic and stacked model. That would get us back to having just 1 real model for block devices, leaving the stacked approach to dm/md devices (as it was originally intended). Contributions in this patch from the following people: Shaohua Li <shli@fusionio.com> Alexander Gordeev <agordeev@redhat.com> Christoph Hellwig <hch@infradead.org> Mike Christie <michaelc@cs.wisc.edu> Matias Bjorling <m@bjorling.me> Jeff Moyer <jmoyer@redhat.com> Acked-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de> Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
2013-10-24 08:20:05 +00:00
enum {
BLK_MQ_TAG_CACHE_MIN = 1,
BLK_MQ_TAG_CACHE_MAX = 64,
};
enum {
BLK_MQ_TAG_FAIL = -1U,
BLK_MQ_TAG_MIN = BLK_MQ_TAG_CACHE_MIN,
BLK_MQ_TAG_MAX = BLK_MQ_TAG_FAIL - 1,
};
blk-mq: improve support for shared tags maps This adds support for active queue tracking, meaning that the blk-mq tagging maintains a count of active users of a tag set. This allows us to maintain a notion of fairness between users, so that we can distribute the tag depth evenly without starving some users while allowing others to try unfair deep queues. If sharing of a tag set is detected, each hardware queue will track the depth of its own queue. And if this exceeds the total depth divided by the number of active queues, the user is actively throttled down. The active queue count is done lazily to avoid bouncing that data between submitter and completer. Each hardware queue gets marked active when it allocates its first tag, and gets marked inactive when 1) the last tag is cleared, and 2) the queue timeout grace period has passed. Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@fb.com>
2014-05-13 21:10:52 +00:00
extern bool __blk_mq_tag_busy(struct blk_mq_hw_ctx *);
extern void __blk_mq_tag_idle(struct blk_mq_hw_ctx *);
static inline bool blk_mq_tag_busy(struct blk_mq_hw_ctx *hctx)
{
if (!(hctx->flags & BLK_MQ_F_TAG_SHARED))
return false;
return __blk_mq_tag_busy(hctx);
}
static inline void blk_mq_tag_idle(struct blk_mq_hw_ctx *hctx)
{
if (!(hctx->flags & BLK_MQ_F_TAG_SHARED))
return;
__blk_mq_tag_idle(hctx);
}
blk-mq: fix race between timeout and freeing request Inside timeout handler, blk_mq_tag_to_rq() is called to retrieve the request from one tag. This way is obviously wrong because the request can be freed any time and some fiedds of the request can't be trusted, then kernel oops might be triggered[1]. Currently wrt. blk_mq_tag_to_rq(), the only special case is that the flush request can share same tag with the request cloned from, and the two requests can't be active at the same time, so this patch fixes the above issue by updating tags->rqs[tag] with the active request(either flush rq or the request cloned from) of the tag. Also blk_mq_tag_to_rq() gets much simplified with this patch. Given blk_mq_tag_to_rq() is mainly for drivers and the caller must make sure the request can't be freed, so in bt_for_each() this helper is replaced with tags->rqs[tag]. [1] kernel oops log [ 439.696220] BUG: unable to handle kernel NULL pointer dereference at 0000000000000158^M [ 439.697162] IP: [<ffffffff812d89ba>] blk_mq_tag_to_rq+0x21/0x6e^M [ 439.700653] PGD 7ef765067 PUD 7ef764067 PMD 0 ^M [ 439.700653] Oops: 0000 [#1] PREEMPT SMP DEBUG_PAGEALLOC ^M [ 439.700653] Dumping ftrace buffer:^M [ 439.700653] (ftrace buffer empty)^M [ 439.700653] Modules linked in: nbd ipv6 kvm_intel kvm serio_raw^M [ 439.700653] CPU: 6 PID: 2779 Comm: stress-ng-sigfd Not tainted 4.2.0-rc5-next-20150805+ #265^M [ 439.730500] Hardware name: QEMU Standard PC (i440FX + PIIX, 1996), BIOS Bochs 01/01/2011^M [ 439.730500] task: ffff880605308000 ti: ffff88060530c000 task.ti: ffff88060530c000^M [ 439.730500] RIP: 0010:[<ffffffff812d89ba>] [<ffffffff812d89ba>] blk_mq_tag_to_rq+0x21/0x6e^M [ 439.730500] RSP: 0018:ffff880819203da0 EFLAGS: 00010283^M [ 439.730500] RAX: ffff880811b0e000 RBX: ffff8800bb465f00 RCX: 0000000000000002^M [ 439.730500] RDX: 0000000000000000 RSI: 0000000000000202 RDI: 0000000000000000^M [ 439.730500] RBP: ffff880819203db0 R08: 0000000000000002 R09: 0000000000000000^M [ 439.730500] R10: 0000000000000000 R11: 0000000000000000 R12: 0000000000000202^M [ 439.730500] R13: ffff880814104800 R14: 0000000000000002 R15: ffff880811a2ea00^M [ 439.730500] FS: 00007f165b3f5740(0000) GS:ffff880819200000(0000) knlGS:0000000000000000^M [ 439.730500] CS: 0010 DS: 0000 ES: 0000 CR0: 000000008005003b^M [ 439.730500] CR2: 0000000000000158 CR3: 00000007ef766000 CR4: 00000000000006e0^M [ 439.730500] Stack:^M [ 439.730500] 0000000000000008 ffff8808114eed90 ffff880819203e00 ffffffff812dc104^M [ 439.755663] ffff880819203e40 ffffffff812d9f5e 0000020000000000 ffff8808114eed80^M [ 439.755663] Call Trace:^M [ 439.755663] <IRQ> ^M [ 439.755663] [<ffffffff812dc104>] bt_for_each+0x6e/0xc8^M [ 439.755663] [<ffffffff812d9f5e>] ? blk_mq_rq_timed_out+0x6a/0x6a^M [ 439.755663] [<ffffffff812d9f5e>] ? blk_mq_rq_timed_out+0x6a/0x6a^M [ 439.755663] [<ffffffff812dc1b3>] blk_mq_tag_busy_iter+0x55/0x5e^M [ 439.755663] [<ffffffff812d88b4>] ? blk_mq_bio_to_request+0x38/0x38^M [ 439.755663] [<ffffffff812d8911>] blk_mq_rq_timer+0x5d/0xd4^M [ 439.755663] [<ffffffff810a3e10>] call_timer_fn+0xf7/0x284^M [ 439.755663] [<ffffffff810a3d1e>] ? call_timer_fn+0x5/0x284^M [ 439.755663] [<ffffffff812d88b4>] ? blk_mq_bio_to_request+0x38/0x38^M [ 439.755663] [<ffffffff810a46d6>] run_timer_softirq+0x1ce/0x1f8^M [ 439.755663] [<ffffffff8104c367>] __do_softirq+0x181/0x3a4^M [ 439.755663] [<ffffffff8104c76e>] irq_exit+0x40/0x94^M [ 439.755663] [<ffffffff81031482>] smp_apic_timer_interrupt+0x33/0x3e^M [ 439.755663] [<ffffffff815559a4>] apic_timer_interrupt+0x84/0x90^M [ 439.755663] <EOI> ^M [ 439.755663] [<ffffffff81554350>] ? _raw_spin_unlock_irq+0x32/0x4a^M [ 439.755663] [<ffffffff8106a98b>] finish_task_switch+0xe0/0x163^M [ 439.755663] [<ffffffff8106a94d>] ? finish_task_switch+0xa2/0x163^M [ 439.755663] [<ffffffff81550066>] __schedule+0x469/0x6cd^M [ 439.755663] [<ffffffff8155039b>] schedule+0x82/0x9a^M [ 439.789267] [<ffffffff8119b28b>] signalfd_read+0x186/0x49a^M [ 439.790911] [<ffffffff8106d86a>] ? wake_up_q+0x47/0x47^M [ 439.790911] [<ffffffff811618c2>] __vfs_read+0x28/0x9f^M [ 439.790911] [<ffffffff8117a289>] ? __fget_light+0x4d/0x74^M [ 439.790911] [<ffffffff811620a7>] vfs_read+0x7a/0xc6^M [ 439.790911] [<ffffffff8116292b>] SyS_read+0x49/0x7f^M [ 439.790911] [<ffffffff81554c17>] entry_SYSCALL_64_fastpath+0x12/0x6f^M [ 439.790911] Code: 48 89 e5 e8 a9 b8 e7 ff 5d c3 0f 1f 44 00 00 55 89 f2 48 89 e5 41 54 41 89 f4 53 48 8b 47 60 48 8b 1c d0 48 8b 7b 30 48 8b 53 38 <48> 8b 87 58 01 00 00 48 85 c0 75 09 48 8b 97 88 0c 00 00 eb 10 ^M [ 439.790911] RIP [<ffffffff812d89ba>] blk_mq_tag_to_rq+0x21/0x6e^M [ 439.790911] RSP <ffff880819203da0>^M [ 439.790911] CR2: 0000000000000158^M [ 439.790911] ---[ end trace d40af58949325661 ]---^M Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Ming Lei <ming.lei@canonical.com> Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@fb.com>
2015-08-09 07:41:51 +00:00
/*
* This helper should only be used for flush request to share tag
* with the request cloned from, and both the two requests can't be
* in flight at the same time. The caller has to make sure the tag
* can't be freed.
*/
static inline void blk_mq_tag_set_rq(struct blk_mq_hw_ctx *hctx,
unsigned int tag, struct request *rq)
{
hctx->tags->rqs[tag] = rq;
}
blk-mq: new multi-queue block IO queueing mechanism Linux currently has two models for block devices: - The classic request_fn based approach, where drivers use struct request units for IO. The block layer provides various helper functionalities to let drivers share code, things like tag management, timeout handling, queueing, etc. - The "stacked" approach, where a driver squeezes in between the block layer and IO submitter. Since this bypasses the IO stack, driver generally have to manage everything themselves. With drivers being written for new high IOPS devices, the classic request_fn based driver doesn't work well enough. The design dates back to when both SMP and high IOPS was rare. It has problems with scaling to bigger machines, and runs into scaling issues even on smaller machines when you have IOPS in the hundreds of thousands per device. The stacked approach is then most often selected as the model for the driver. But this means that everybody has to re-invent everything, and along with that we get all the problems again that the shared approach solved. This commit introduces blk-mq, block multi queue support. The design is centered around per-cpu queues for queueing IO, which then funnel down into x number of hardware submission queues. We might have a 1:1 mapping between the two, or it might be an N:M mapping. That all depends on what the hardware supports. blk-mq provides various helper functions, which include: - Scalable support for request tagging. Most devices need to be able to uniquely identify a request both in the driver and to the hardware. The tagging uses per-cpu caches for freed tags, to enable cache hot reuse. - Timeout handling without tracking request on a per-device basis. Basically the driver should be able to get a notification, if a request happens to fail. - Optional support for non 1:1 mappings between issue and submission queues. blk-mq can redirect IO completions to the desired location. - Support for per-request payloads. Drivers almost always need to associate a request structure with some driver private command structure. Drivers can tell blk-mq this at init time, and then any request handed to the driver will have the required size of memory associated with it. - Support for merging of IO, and plugging. The stacked model gets neither of these. Even for high IOPS devices, merging sequential IO reduces per-command overhead and thus increases bandwidth. For now, this is provided as a potential 3rd queueing model, with the hope being that, as it matures, it can replace both the classic and stacked model. That would get us back to having just 1 real model for block devices, leaving the stacked approach to dm/md devices (as it was originally intended). Contributions in this patch from the following people: Shaohua Li <shli@fusionio.com> Alexander Gordeev <agordeev@redhat.com> Christoph Hellwig <hch@infradead.org> Mike Christie <michaelc@cs.wisc.edu> Matias Bjorling <m@bjorling.me> Jeff Moyer <jmoyer@redhat.com> Acked-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de> Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
2013-10-24 08:20:05 +00:00
#endif
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