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License cleanup: add SPDX GPL-2.0 license identifier to files with no license Many source files in the tree are missing licensing information, which makes it harder for compliance tools to determine the correct license. By default all files without license information are under the default license of the kernel, which is GPL version 2. Update the files which contain no license information with the 'GPL-2.0' SPDX license identifier. The SPDX identifier is a legally binding shorthand, which can be used instead of the full boiler plate text. This patch is based on work done by Thomas Gleixner and Kate Stewart and Philippe Ombredanne. How this work was done: Patches were generated and checked against linux-4.14-rc6 for a subset of the use cases: - file had no licensing information it it. - file was a */uapi/* one with no licensing information in it, - file was a */uapi/* one with existing licensing information, Further patches will be generated in subsequent months to fix up cases where non-standard license headers were used, and references to license had to be inferred by heuristics based on keywords. The analysis to determine which SPDX License Identifier to be applied to a file was done in a spreadsheet of side by side results from of the output of two independent scanners (ScanCode & Windriver) producing SPDX tag:value files created by Philippe Ombredanne. Philippe prepared the base worksheet, and did an initial spot review of a few 1000 files. The 4.13 kernel was the starting point of the analysis with 60,537 files assessed. Kate Stewart did a file by file comparison of the scanner results in the spreadsheet to determine which SPDX license identifier(s) to be applied to the file. She confirmed any determination that was not immediately clear with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation. Criteria used to select files for SPDX license identifier tagging was: - Files considered eligible had to be source code files. - Make and config files were included as candidates if they contained >5 lines of source - File already had some variant of a license header in it (even if <5 lines). All documentation files were explicitly excluded. The following heuristics were used to determine which SPDX license identifiers to apply. - when both scanners couldn't find any license traces, file was considered to have no license information in it, and the top level COPYING file license applied. For non */uapi/* files that summary was: SPDX license identifier # files ---------------------------------------------------|------- GPL-2.0 11139 and resulted in the first patch in this series. If that file was a */uapi/* path one, it was "GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note" otherwise it was "GPL-2.0". Results of that was: SPDX license identifier # files ---------------------------------------------------|------- GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note 930 and resulted in the second patch in this series. - if a file had some form of licensing information in it, and was one of the */uapi/* ones, it was denoted with the Linux-syscall-note if any GPL family license was found in the file or had no licensing in it (per prior point). Results summary: SPDX license identifier # files ---------------------------------------------------|------ GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note 270 GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 169 ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-2-Clause) 21 ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause) 17 LGPL-2.1+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 15 GPL-1.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 14 ((GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause) 5 LGPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 4 LGPL-2.1 WITH Linux-syscall-note 3 ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR MIT) 3 ((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) AND MIT) 1 and that resulted in the third patch in this series. - when the two scanners agreed on the detected license(s), that became the concluded license(s). - when there was disagreement between the two scanners (one detected a license but the other didn't, or they both detected different licenses) a manual inspection of the file occurred. - In most cases a manual inspection of the information in the file resulted in a clear resolution of the license that should apply (and which scanner probably needed to revisit its heuristics). - When it was not immediately clear, the license identifier was confirmed with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation. - If there was any question as to the appropriate license identifier, the file was flagged for further research and to be revisited later in time. In total, over 70 hours of logged manual review was done on the spreadsheet to determine the SPDX license identifiers to apply to the source files by Kate, Philippe, Thomas and, in some cases, confirmation by lawyers working with the Linux Foundation. Kate also obtained a third independent scan of the 4.13 code base from FOSSology, and compared selected files where the other two scanners disagreed against that SPDX file, to see if there was new insights. The Windriver scanner is based on an older version of FOSSology in part, so they are related. Thomas did random spot checks in about 500 files from the spreadsheets for the uapi headers and agreed with SPDX license identifier in the files he inspected. For the non-uapi files Thomas did random spot checks in about 15000 files. In initial set of patches against 4.14-rc6, 3 files were found to have copy/paste license identifier errors, and have been fixed to reflect the correct identifier. Additionally Philippe spent 10 hours this week doing a detailed manual inspection and review of the 12,461 patched files from the initial patch version early this week with: - a full scancode scan run, collecting the matched texts, detected license ids and scores - reviewing anything where there was a license detected (about 500+ files) to ensure that the applied SPDX license was correct - reviewing anything where there was no detection but the patch license was not GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note to ensure that the applied SPDX license was correct This produced a worksheet with 20 files needing minor correction. This worksheet was then exported into 3 different .csv files for the different types of files to be modified. These .csv files were then reviewed by Greg. Thomas wrote a script to parse the csv files and add the proper SPDX tag to the file, in the format that the file expected. This script was further refined by Greg based on the output to detect more types of files automatically and to distinguish between header and source .c files (which need different comment types.) Finally Greg ran the script using the .csv files to generate the patches. Reviewed-by: Kate Stewart <kstewart@linuxfoundation.org> Reviewed-by: Philippe Ombredanne <pombredanne@nexb.com> Reviewed-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
2017-11-01 14:07:57 +00:00
# SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
#
# Makefile for the linux kernel.
#
obj-y = fork.o exec_domain.o panic.o \
cpu.o exit.o softirq.o resource.o \
sysctl.o sysctl_binary.o capability.o ptrace.o user.o \
signal.o sys.o umh.o workqueue.o pid.o task_work.o \
extable.o params.o \
kthread.o sys_ni.o nsproxy.o \
notifier.o ksysfs.o cred.o reboot.o \
async.o range.o smpboot.o ucount.o
kernel: conditionally support non-root users, groups and capabilities There are a lot of embedded systems that run most or all of their functionality in init, running as root:root. For these systems, supporting multiple users is not necessary. This patch adds a new symbol, CONFIG_MULTIUSER, that makes support for non-root users, non-root groups, and capabilities optional. It is enabled under CONFIG_EXPERT menu. When this symbol is not defined, UID and GID are zero in any possible case and processes always have all capabilities. The following syscalls are compiled out: setuid, setregid, setgid, setreuid, setresuid, getresuid, setresgid, getresgid, setgroups, getgroups, setfsuid, setfsgid, capget, capset. Also, groups.c is compiled out completely. In kernel/capability.c, capable function was moved in order to avoid adding two ifdef blocks. This change saves about 25 KB on a defconfig build. The most minimal kernels have total text sizes in the high hundreds of kB rather than low MB. (The 25k goes down a bit with allnoconfig, but not that much. The kernel was booted in Qemu. All the common functionalities work. Adding users/groups is not possible, failing with -ENOSYS. Bloat-o-meter output: add/remove: 7/87 grow/shrink: 19/397 up/down: 1675/-26325 (-24650) [akpm@linux-foundation.org: coding-style fixes] Signed-off-by: Iulia Manda <iulia.manda21@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org> Acked-by: Geert Uytterhoeven <geert@linux-m68k.org> Tested-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Reviewed-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2015-04-15 23:16:41 +00:00
obj-$(CONFIG_MODULES) += kmod.o
kernel: conditionally support non-root users, groups and capabilities There are a lot of embedded systems that run most or all of their functionality in init, running as root:root. For these systems, supporting multiple users is not necessary. This patch adds a new symbol, CONFIG_MULTIUSER, that makes support for non-root users, non-root groups, and capabilities optional. It is enabled under CONFIG_EXPERT menu. When this symbol is not defined, UID and GID are zero in any possible case and processes always have all capabilities. The following syscalls are compiled out: setuid, setregid, setgid, setreuid, setresuid, getresuid, setresgid, getresgid, setgroups, getgroups, setfsuid, setfsgid, capget, capset. Also, groups.c is compiled out completely. In kernel/capability.c, capable function was moved in order to avoid adding two ifdef blocks. This change saves about 25 KB on a defconfig build. The most minimal kernels have total text sizes in the high hundreds of kB rather than low MB. (The 25k goes down a bit with allnoconfig, but not that much. The kernel was booted in Qemu. All the common functionalities work. Adding users/groups is not possible, failing with -ENOSYS. Bloat-o-meter output: add/remove: 7/87 grow/shrink: 19/397 up/down: 1675/-26325 (-24650) [akpm@linux-foundation.org: coding-style fixes] Signed-off-by: Iulia Manda <iulia.manda21@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org> Acked-by: Geert Uytterhoeven <geert@linux-m68k.org> Tested-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Reviewed-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2015-04-15 23:16:41 +00:00
obj-$(CONFIG_MULTIUSER) += groups.o
ifdef CONFIG_FUNCTION_TRACER
# Do not trace internal ftrace files
CFLAGS_REMOVE_irq_work.o = $(CC_FLAGS_FTRACE)
endif
kernel: add kcov code coverage kcov provides code coverage collection for coverage-guided fuzzing (randomized testing). Coverage-guided fuzzing is a testing technique that uses coverage feedback to determine new interesting inputs to a system. A notable user-space example is AFL (http://lcamtuf.coredump.cx/afl/). However, this technique is not widely used for kernel testing due to missing compiler and kernel support. kcov does not aim to collect as much coverage as possible. It aims to collect more or less stable coverage that is function of syscall inputs. To achieve this goal it does not collect coverage in soft/hard interrupts and instrumentation of some inherently non-deterministic or non-interesting parts of kernel is disbled (e.g. scheduler, locking). Currently there is a single coverage collection mode (tracing), but the API anticipates additional collection modes. Initially I also implemented a second mode which exposes coverage in a fixed-size hash table of counters (what Quentin used in his original patch). I've dropped the second mode for simplicity. This patch adds the necessary support on kernel side. The complimentary compiler support was added in gcc revision 231296. We've used this support to build syzkaller system call fuzzer, which has found 90 kernel bugs in just 2 months: https://github.com/google/syzkaller/wiki/Found-Bugs We've also found 30+ bugs in our internal systems with syzkaller. Another (yet unexplored) direction where kcov coverage would greatly help is more traditional "blob mutation". For example, mounting a random blob as a filesystem, or receiving a random blob over wire. Why not gcov. Typical fuzzing loop looks as follows: (1) reset coverage, (2) execute a bit of code, (3) collect coverage, repeat. A typical coverage can be just a dozen of basic blocks (e.g. an invalid input). In such context gcov becomes prohibitively expensive as reset/collect coverage steps depend on total number of basic blocks/edges in program (in case of kernel it is about 2M). Cost of kcov depends only on number of executed basic blocks/edges. On top of that, kernel requires per-thread coverage because there are always background threads and unrelated processes that also produce coverage. With inlined gcov instrumentation per-thread coverage is not possible. kcov exposes kernel PCs and control flow to user-space which is insecure. But debugfs should not be mapped as user accessible. Based on a patch by Quentin Casasnovas. [akpm@linux-foundation.org: make task_struct.kcov_mode have type `enum kcov_mode'] [akpm@linux-foundation.org: unbreak allmodconfig] [akpm@linux-foundation.org: follow x86 Makefile layout standards] Signed-off-by: Dmitry Vyukov <dvyukov@google.com> Reviewed-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org> Cc: syzkaller <syzkaller@googlegroups.com> Cc: Vegard Nossum <vegard.nossum@oracle.com> Cc: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com> Cc: Tavis Ormandy <taviso@google.com> Cc: Will Deacon <will.deacon@arm.com> Cc: Quentin Casasnovas <quentin.casasnovas@oracle.com> Cc: Kostya Serebryany <kcc@google.com> Cc: Eric Dumazet <edumazet@google.com> Cc: Alexander Potapenko <glider@google.com> Cc: Kees Cook <keescook@google.com> Cc: Bjorn Helgaas <bhelgaas@google.com> Cc: Sasha Levin <sasha.levin@oracle.com> Cc: David Drysdale <drysdale@google.com> Cc: Ard Biesheuvel <ard.biesheuvel@linaro.org> Cc: Andrey Ryabinin <ryabinin.a.a@gmail.com> Cc: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill@shutemov.name> Cc: Jiri Slaby <jslaby@suse.cz> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@zytor.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2016-03-22 21:27:30 +00:00
# Prevents flicker of uninteresting __do_softirq()/__local_bh_disable_ip()
# in coverage traces.
KCOV_INSTRUMENT_softirq.o := n
# These are called from save_stack_trace() on slub debug path,
# and produce insane amounts of uninteresting coverage.
KCOV_INSTRUMENT_module.o := n
KCOV_INSTRUMENT_extable.o := n
# Don't self-instrument.
KCOV_INSTRUMENT_kcov.o := n
KASAN_SANITIZE_kcov.o := n
# cond_syscall is currently not LTO compatible
CFLAGS_sys_ni.o = $(DISABLE_LTO)
obj-y += sched/
obj-y += locking/
obj-y += power/
obj-y += printk/
obj-y += irq/
obj-y += rcu/
obj-y += livepatch/
obj-$(CONFIG_CHECKPOINT_RESTORE) += kcmp.o
obj-$(CONFIG_FREEZER) += freezer.o
obj-$(CONFIG_PROFILING) += profile.o
obj-$(CONFIG_STACKTRACE) += stacktrace.o
obj-y += time/
obj-$(CONFIG_FUTEX) += futex.o
ifeq ($(CONFIG_COMPAT),y)
obj-$(CONFIG_FUTEX) += futex_compat.o
endif
obj-$(CONFIG_GENERIC_ISA_DMA) += dma.o
obj-$(CONFIG_SMP) += smp.o
ifneq ($(CONFIG_SMP),y)
obj-y += up.o
endif
obj-$(CONFIG_UID16) += uid16.o
obj-$(CONFIG_MODULES) += module.o
obj-$(CONFIG_MODULE_SIG) += module_signing.o
obj-$(CONFIG_KALLSYMS) += kallsyms.o
obj-$(CONFIG_BSD_PROCESS_ACCT) += acct.o
crash: move crashkernel parsing and vmcore related code under CONFIG_CRASH_CORE Patch series "kexec/fadump: remove dependency with CONFIG_KEXEC and reuse crashkernel parameter for fadump", v4. Traditionally, kdump is used to save vmcore in case of a crash. Some architectures like powerpc can save vmcore using architecture specific support instead of kexec/kdump mechanism. Such architecture specific support also needs to reserve memory, to be used by dump capture kernel. crashkernel parameter can be a reused, for memory reservation, by such architecture specific infrastructure. This patchset removes dependency with CONFIG_KEXEC for crashkernel parameter and vmcoreinfo related code as it can be reused without kexec support. Also, crashkernel parameter is reused instead of fadump_reserve_mem to reserve memory for fadump. The first patch moves crashkernel parameter parsing and vmcoreinfo related code under CONFIG_CRASH_CORE instead of CONFIG_KEXEC_CORE. The second patch reuses the definitions of append_elf_note() & final_note() functions under CONFIG_CRASH_CORE in IA64 arch code. The third patch removes dependency on CONFIG_KEXEC for firmware-assisted dump (fadump) in powerpc. The next patch reuses crashkernel parameter for reserving memory for fadump, instead of the fadump_reserve_mem parameter. This has the advantage of using all syntaxes crashkernel parameter supports, for fadump as well. The last patch updates fadump kernel documentation about use of crashkernel parameter. This patch (of 5): Traditionally, kdump is used to save vmcore in case of a crash. Some architectures like powerpc can save vmcore using architecture specific support instead of kexec/kdump mechanism. Such architecture specific support also needs to reserve memory, to be used by dump capture kernel. crashkernel parameter can be a reused, for memory reservation, by such architecture specific infrastructure. But currently, code related to vmcoreinfo and parsing of crashkernel parameter is built under CONFIG_KEXEC_CORE. This patch introduces CONFIG_CRASH_CORE and moves the above mentioned code under this config, allowing code reuse without dependency on CONFIG_KEXEC. There is no functional change with this patch. Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/149035338104.6881.4550894432615189948.stgit@hbathini.in.ibm.com Signed-off-by: Hari Bathini <hbathini@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Acked-by: Dave Young <dyoung@redhat.com> Cc: Fenghua Yu <fenghua.yu@intel.com> Cc: Tony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com> Cc: Eric Biederman <ebiederm@xmission.com> Cc: Mahesh Salgaonkar <mahesh@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Cc: Vivek Goyal <vgoyal@redhat.com> Cc: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2017-05-08 22:56:18 +00:00
obj-$(CONFIG_CRASH_CORE) += crash_core.o
2015-09-09 22:38:55 +00:00
obj-$(CONFIG_KEXEC_CORE) += kexec_core.o
obj-$(CONFIG_KEXEC) += kexec.o
obj-$(CONFIG_KEXEC_FILE) += kexec_file.o
obj-$(CONFIG_BACKTRACE_SELF_TEST) += backtracetest.o
obj-$(CONFIG_COMPAT) += compat.o
obj-$(CONFIG_CGROUPS) += cgroup/
obj-$(CONFIG_UTS_NS) += utsname.o
obj-$(CONFIG_USER_NS) += user_namespace.o
obj-$(CONFIG_PID_NS) += pid_namespace.o
obj-$(CONFIG_IKCONFIG) += configs.o
obj-$(CONFIG_SMP) += stop_machine.o
obj-$(CONFIG_KPROBES_SANITY_TEST) += test_kprobes.o
obj-$(CONFIG_AUDIT) += audit.o auditfilter.o
obj-$(CONFIG_AUDITSYSCALL) += auditsc.o
audit: clean simple fsnotify implementation This is to be used to audit by executable path rules, but audit watches should be able to share this code eventually. At the moment the audit watch code is a lot more complex. That code only creates one fsnotify watch per parent directory. That 'audit_parent' in turn has a list of 'audit_watches' which contain the name, ino, dev of the specific object we care about. This just creates one fsnotify watch per object we care about. So if you watch 100 inodes in /etc this code will create 100 fsnotify watches on /etc. The audit_watch code will instead create 1 fsnotify watch on /etc (the audit_parent) and then 100 individual watches chained from that fsnotify mark. We should be able to convert the audit_watch code to do one fsnotify mark per watch and simplify things/remove a whole lot of code. After that conversion we should be able to convert the audit_fsnotify code to support that hierarchy if the optimization is necessary. Move the access to the entry for audit_match_signal() to the beginning of the audit_del_rule() function in case the entry found is the same one passed in. This will enable it to be used by audit_autoremove_mark_rule(), kill_rules() and audit_remove_parent_watches(). This is a heavily modified and merged version of two patches originally submitted by Eric Paris. Cc: Peter Moody <peter@hda3.com> Cc: Eric Paris <eparis@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Richard Guy Briggs <rgb@redhat.com> [PM: added a space after a declaration to keep ./scripts/checkpatch happy] Signed-off-by: Paul Moore <pmoore@redhat.com>
2015-08-05 20:29:36 +00:00
obj-$(CONFIG_AUDIT_WATCH) += audit_watch.o audit_fsnotify.o
obj-$(CONFIG_AUDIT_TREE) += audit_tree.o
obj-$(CONFIG_GCOV_KERNEL) += gcov/
kernel: add kcov code coverage kcov provides code coverage collection for coverage-guided fuzzing (randomized testing). Coverage-guided fuzzing is a testing technique that uses coverage feedback to determine new interesting inputs to a system. A notable user-space example is AFL (http://lcamtuf.coredump.cx/afl/). However, this technique is not widely used for kernel testing due to missing compiler and kernel support. kcov does not aim to collect as much coverage as possible. It aims to collect more or less stable coverage that is function of syscall inputs. To achieve this goal it does not collect coverage in soft/hard interrupts and instrumentation of some inherently non-deterministic or non-interesting parts of kernel is disbled (e.g. scheduler, locking). Currently there is a single coverage collection mode (tracing), but the API anticipates additional collection modes. Initially I also implemented a second mode which exposes coverage in a fixed-size hash table of counters (what Quentin used in his original patch). I've dropped the second mode for simplicity. This patch adds the necessary support on kernel side. The complimentary compiler support was added in gcc revision 231296. We've used this support to build syzkaller system call fuzzer, which has found 90 kernel bugs in just 2 months: https://github.com/google/syzkaller/wiki/Found-Bugs We've also found 30+ bugs in our internal systems with syzkaller. Another (yet unexplored) direction where kcov coverage would greatly help is more traditional "blob mutation". For example, mounting a random blob as a filesystem, or receiving a random blob over wire. Why not gcov. Typical fuzzing loop looks as follows: (1) reset coverage, (2) execute a bit of code, (3) collect coverage, repeat. A typical coverage can be just a dozen of basic blocks (e.g. an invalid input). In such context gcov becomes prohibitively expensive as reset/collect coverage steps depend on total number of basic blocks/edges in program (in case of kernel it is about 2M). Cost of kcov depends only on number of executed basic blocks/edges. On top of that, kernel requires per-thread coverage because there are always background threads and unrelated processes that also produce coverage. With inlined gcov instrumentation per-thread coverage is not possible. kcov exposes kernel PCs and control flow to user-space which is insecure. But debugfs should not be mapped as user accessible. Based on a patch by Quentin Casasnovas. [akpm@linux-foundation.org: make task_struct.kcov_mode have type `enum kcov_mode'] [akpm@linux-foundation.org: unbreak allmodconfig] [akpm@linux-foundation.org: follow x86 Makefile layout standards] Signed-off-by: Dmitry Vyukov <dvyukov@google.com> Reviewed-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org> Cc: syzkaller <syzkaller@googlegroups.com> Cc: Vegard Nossum <vegard.nossum@oracle.com> Cc: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com> Cc: Tavis Ormandy <taviso@google.com> Cc: Will Deacon <will.deacon@arm.com> Cc: Quentin Casasnovas <quentin.casasnovas@oracle.com> Cc: Kostya Serebryany <kcc@google.com> Cc: Eric Dumazet <edumazet@google.com> Cc: Alexander Potapenko <glider@google.com> Cc: Kees Cook <keescook@google.com> Cc: Bjorn Helgaas <bhelgaas@google.com> Cc: Sasha Levin <sasha.levin@oracle.com> Cc: David Drysdale <drysdale@google.com> Cc: Ard Biesheuvel <ard.biesheuvel@linaro.org> Cc: Andrey Ryabinin <ryabinin.a.a@gmail.com> Cc: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill@shutemov.name> Cc: Jiri Slaby <jslaby@suse.cz> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@zytor.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2016-03-22 21:27:30 +00:00
obj-$(CONFIG_KCOV) += kcov.o
obj-$(CONFIG_KPROBES) += kprobes.o
obj-$(CONFIG_KGDB) += debug/
obj-$(CONFIG_DETECT_HUNG_TASK) += hung_task.o
lockup_detector: Combine nmi_watchdog and softlockup detector The new nmi_watchdog (which uses the perf event subsystem) is very similar in structure to the softlockup detector. Using Ingo's suggestion, I combined the two functionalities into one file: kernel/watchdog.c. Now both the nmi_watchdog (or hardlockup detector) and softlockup detector sit on top of the perf event subsystem, which is run every 60 seconds or so to see if there are any lockups. To detect hardlockups, cpus not responding to interrupts, I implemented an hrtimer that runs 5 times for every perf event overflow event. If that stops counting on a cpu, then the cpu is most likely in trouble. To detect softlockups, tasks not yielding to the scheduler, I used the previous kthread idea that now gets kicked every time the hrtimer fires. If the kthread isn't being scheduled neither is anyone else and the warning is printed to the console. I tested this on x86_64 and both the softlockup and hardlockup paths work. V2: - cleaned up the Kconfig and softlockup combination - surrounded hardlockup cases with #ifdef CONFIG_PERF_EVENTS_NMI - seperated out the softlockup case from perf event subsystem - re-arranged the enabling/disabling nmi watchdog from proc space - added cpumasks for hardlockup failure cases - removed fallback to soft events if no PMU exists for hard events V3: - comment cleanups - drop support for older softlockup code - per_cpu cleanups - completely remove software clock base hardlockup detector - use per_cpu masking on hard/soft lockup detection - #ifdef cleanups - rename config option NMI_WATCHDOG to LOCKUP_DETECTOR - documentation additions V4: - documentation fixes - convert per_cpu to __get_cpu_var - powerpc compile fixes V5: - split apart warn flags for hard and soft lockups TODO: - figure out how to make an arch-agnostic clock2cycles call (if possible) to feed into perf events as a sample period [fweisbec: merged conflict patch] Signed-off-by: Don Zickus <dzickus@redhat.com> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org> Cc: Cyrill Gorcunov <gorcunov@gmail.com> Cc: Eric Paris <eparis@redhat.com> Cc: Randy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@oracle.com> LKML-Reference: <1273266711-18706-2-git-send-email-dzickus@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com>
2010-05-07 21:11:44 +00:00
obj-$(CONFIG_LOCKUP_DETECTOR) += watchdog.o
obj-$(CONFIG_HARDLOCKUP_DETECTOR_PERF) += watchdog_hld.o
obj-$(CONFIG_SECCOMP) += seccomp.o
obj-$(CONFIG_RELAY) += relay.o
obj-$(CONFIG_SYSCTL) += utsname_sysctl.o
obj-$(CONFIG_TASK_DELAY_ACCT) += delayacct.o
obj-$(CONFIG_TASKSTATS) += taskstats.o tsacct.o
tracing: Kernel Tracepoints Implementation of kernel tracepoints. Inspired from the Linux Kernel Markers. Allows complete typing verification by declaring both tracing statement inline functions and probe registration/unregistration static inline functions within the same macro "DEFINE_TRACE". No format string is required. See the tracepoint Documentation and Samples patches for usage examples. Taken from the documentation patch : "A tracepoint placed in code provides a hook to call a function (probe) that you can provide at runtime. A tracepoint can be "on" (a probe is connected to it) or "off" (no probe is attached). When a tracepoint is "off" it has no effect, except for adding a tiny time penalty (checking a condition for a branch) and space penalty (adding a few bytes for the function call at the end of the instrumented function and adds a data structure in a separate section). When a tracepoint is "on", the function you provide is called each time the tracepoint is executed, in the execution context of the caller. When the function provided ends its execution, it returns to the caller (continuing from the tracepoint site). You can put tracepoints at important locations in the code. They are lightweight hooks that can pass an arbitrary number of parameters, which prototypes are described in a tracepoint declaration placed in a header file." Addition and removal of tracepoints is synchronized by RCU using the scheduler (and preempt_disable) as guarantees to find a quiescent state (this is really RCU "classic"). The update side uses rcu_barrier_sched() with call_rcu_sched() and the read/execute side uses "preempt_disable()/preempt_enable()". We make sure the previous array containing probes, which has been scheduled for deletion by the rcu callback, is indeed freed before we proceed to the next update. It therefore limits the rate of modification of a single tracepoint to one update per RCU period. The objective here is to permit fast batch add/removal of probes on _different_ tracepoints. Changelog : - Use #name ":" #proto as string to identify the tracepoint in the tracepoint table. This will make sure not type mismatch happens due to connexion of a probe with the wrong type to a tracepoint declared with the same name in a different header. - Add tracepoint_entry_free_old. - Change __TO_TRACE to get rid of the 'i' iterator. Masami Hiramatsu <mhiramat@redhat.com> : Tested on x86-64. Performance impact of a tracepoint : same as markers, except that it adds about 70 bytes of instructions in an unlikely branch of each instrumented function (the for loop, the stack setup and the function call). It currently adds a memory read, a test and a conditional branch at the instrumentation site (in the hot path). Immediate values will eventually change this into a load immediate, test and branch, which removes the memory read which will make the i-cache impact smaller (changing the memory read for a load immediate removes 3-4 bytes per site on x86_32 (depending on mov prefixes), or 7-8 bytes on x86_64, it also saves the d-cache hit). About the performance impact of tracepoints (which is comparable to markers), even without immediate values optimizations, tests done by Hideo Aoki on ia64 show no regression. His test case was using hackbench on a kernel where scheduler instrumentation (about 5 events in code scheduler code) was added. Quoting Hideo Aoki about Markers : I evaluated overhead of kernel marker using linux-2.6-sched-fixes git tree, which includes several markers for LTTng, using an ia64 server. While the immediate trace mark feature isn't implemented on ia64, there is no major performance regression. So, I think that we don't have any issues to propose merging marker point patches into Linus's tree from the viewpoint of performance impact. I prepared two kernels to evaluate. The first one was compiled without CONFIG_MARKERS. The second one was enabled CONFIG_MARKERS. I downloaded the original hackbench from the following URL: http://devresources.linux-foundation.org/craiger/hackbench/src/hackbench.c I ran hackbench 5 times in each condition and calculated the average and difference between the kernels. The parameter of hackbench: every 50 from 50 to 800 The number of CPUs of the server: 2, 4, and 8 Below is the results. As you can see, major performance regression wasn't found in any case. Even if number of processes increases, differences between marker-enabled kernel and marker- disabled kernel doesn't increase. Moreover, if number of CPUs increases, the differences doesn't increase either. Curiously, marker-enabled kernel is better than marker-disabled kernel in more than half cases, although I guess it comes from the difference of memory access pattern. * 2 CPUs Number of | without | with | diff | diff | processes | Marker [Sec] | Marker [Sec] | [Sec] | [%] | -------------------------------------------------------------- 50 | 4.811 | 4.872 | +0.061 | +1.27 | 100 | 9.854 | 10.309 | +0.454 | +4.61 | 150 | 15.602 | 15.040 | -0.562 | -3.6 | 200 | 20.489 | 20.380 | -0.109 | -0.53 | 250 | 25.798 | 25.652 | -0.146 | -0.56 | 300 | 31.260 | 30.797 | -0.463 | -1.48 | 350 | 36.121 | 35.770 | -0.351 | -0.97 | 400 | 42.288 | 42.102 | -0.186 | -0.44 | 450 | 47.778 | 47.253 | -0.526 | -1.1 | 500 | 51.953 | 52.278 | +0.325 | +0.63 | 550 | 58.401 | 57.700 | -0.701 | -1.2 | 600 | 63.334 | 63.222 | -0.112 | -0.18 | 650 | 68.816 | 68.511 | -0.306 | -0.44 | 700 | 74.667 | 74.088 | -0.579 | -0.78 | 750 | 78.612 | 79.582 | +0.970 | +1.23 | 800 | 85.431 | 85.263 | -0.168 | -0.2 | -------------------------------------------------------------- * 4 CPUs Number of | without | with | diff | diff | processes | Marker [Sec] | Marker [Sec] | [Sec] | [%] | -------------------------------------------------------------- 50 | 2.586 | 2.584 | -0.003 | -0.1 | 100 | 5.254 | 5.283 | +0.030 | +0.56 | 150 | 8.012 | 8.074 | +0.061 | +0.76 | 200 | 11.172 | 11.000 | -0.172 | -1.54 | 250 | 13.917 | 14.036 | +0.119 | +0.86 | 300 | 16.905 | 16.543 | -0.362 | -2.14 | 350 | 19.901 | 20.036 | +0.135 | +0.68 | 400 | 22.908 | 23.094 | +0.186 | +0.81 | 450 | 26.273 | 26.101 | -0.172 | -0.66 | 500 | 29.554 | 29.092 | -0.461 | -1.56 | 550 | 32.377 | 32.274 | -0.103 | -0.32 | 600 | 35.855 | 35.322 | -0.533 | -1.49 | 650 | 39.192 | 38.388 | -0.804 | -2.05 | 700 | 41.744 | 41.719 | -0.025 | -0.06 | 750 | 45.016 | 44.496 | -0.520 | -1.16 | 800 | 48.212 | 47.603 | -0.609 | -1.26 | -------------------------------------------------------------- * 8 CPUs Number of | without | with | diff | diff | processes | Marker [Sec] | Marker [Sec] | [Sec] | [%] | -------------------------------------------------------------- 50 | 2.094 | 2.072 | -0.022 | -1.07 | 100 | 4.162 | 4.273 | +0.111 | +2.66 | 150 | 6.485 | 6.540 | +0.055 | +0.84 | 200 | 8.556 | 8.478 | -0.078 | -0.91 | 250 | 10.458 | 10.258 | -0.200 | -1.91 | 300 | 12.425 | 12.750 | +0.325 | +2.62 | 350 | 14.807 | 14.839 | +0.032 | +0.22 | 400 | 16.801 | 16.959 | +0.158 | +0.94 | 450 | 19.478 | 19.009 | -0.470 | -2.41 | 500 | 21.296 | 21.504 | +0.208 | +0.98 | 550 | 23.842 | 23.979 | +0.137 | +0.57 | 600 | 26.309 | 26.111 | -0.198 | -0.75 | 650 | 28.705 | 28.446 | -0.259 | -0.9 | 700 | 31.233 | 31.394 | +0.161 | +0.52 | 750 | 34.064 | 33.720 | -0.344 | -1.01 | 800 | 36.320 | 36.114 | -0.206 | -0.57 | -------------------------------------------------------------- Signed-off-by: Mathieu Desnoyers <mathieu.desnoyers@polymtl.ca> Acked-by: Masami Hiramatsu <mhiramat@redhat.com> Acked-by: 'Peter Zijlstra' <peterz@infradead.org> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
2008-07-18 16:16:16 +00:00
obj-$(CONFIG_TRACEPOINTS) += tracepoint.o
obj-$(CONFIG_LATENCYTOP) += latencytop.o
ELF/MIPS build fix CONFIG_MIPS32_N32=y but CONFIG_BINFMT_ELF disabled results in the following linker errors: arch/mips/built-in.o: In function `elf_core_dump': binfmt_elfn32.c:(.text+0x23dbc): undefined reference to `elf_core_extra_phdrs' binfmt_elfn32.c:(.text+0x246e4): undefined reference to `elf_core_extra_data_size' binfmt_elfn32.c:(.text+0x248d0): undefined reference to `elf_core_write_extra_phdrs' binfmt_elfn32.c:(.text+0x24ac4): undefined reference to `elf_core_write_extra_data' CONFIG_MIPS32_O32=y but CONFIG_BINFMT_ELF disabled results in the following linker errors: arch/mips/built-in.o: In function `elf_core_dump': binfmt_elfo32.c:(.text+0x28a04): undefined reference to `elf_core_extra_phdrs' binfmt_elfo32.c:(.text+0x29330): undefined reference to `elf_core_extra_data_size' binfmt_elfo32.c:(.text+0x2951c): undefined reference to `elf_core_write_extra_phdrs' binfmt_elfo32.c:(.text+0x29710): undefined reference to `elf_core_write_extra_data' This is because binfmt_elfn32 and binfmt_elfo32 are using symbols from elfcore but for these configurations elfcore will not be built. Fixed by making elfcore selectable by a separate config symbol which unlike the current mechanism can also be used from other directories than kernel/, then having each flavor of ELF that relies on elfcore.o, select it in Kconfig, including CONFIG_MIPS32_N32 and CONFIG_MIPS32_O32 which fixes this issue. Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20160520141705.GA1913@linux-mips.org Signed-off-by: Ralf Baechle <ralf@linux-mips.org> Reviewed-by: James Hogan <james.hogan@imgtec.com> Cc: "Maciej W. Rozycki" <macro@linux-mips.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2016-05-23 23:22:26 +00:00
obj-$(CONFIG_ELFCORE) += elfcore.o
obj-$(CONFIG_FUNCTION_TRACER) += trace/
ftrace: latency tracer infrastructure This patch adds the latency tracer infrastructure. This patch does not add anything that will select and turn it on, but will be used by later patches. If it were to be compiled, it would add the following files to the debugfs: The root tracing directory: /debugfs/tracing/ This patch also adds the following files: available_tracers list of available tracers. Currently no tracers are available. Looking into this file only shows "none" which is used to unregister all tracers. current_tracer The trace that is currently active. Empty on start up. To switch to a tracer simply echo one of the tracers that are listed in available_tracers: example: (used with later patches) echo function > /debugfs/tracing/current_tracer To disable the tracer: echo disable > /debugfs/tracing/current_tracer tracing_enabled echoing "1" into this file starts the ftrace function tracing (if sysctl kernel.ftrace_enabled=1) echoing "0" turns it off. latency_trace This file is readonly and holds the result of the trace. trace This file outputs a easier to read version of the trace. iter_ctrl Controls the way the output of traces look. So far there's two controls: echoing in "symonly" will only show the kallsyms variables without the addresses (if kallsyms was configured) echoing in "verbose" will change the output to show a lot more data, but not very easy to understand by humans. echoing in "nosymonly" turns off symonly. echoing in "noverbose" turns off verbose. Signed-off-by: Steven Rostedt <srostedt@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@ghostprotocols.net> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
2008-05-12 19:20:42 +00:00
obj-$(CONFIG_TRACING) += trace/
obj-$(CONFIG_TRACE_CLOCK) += trace/
obj-$(CONFIG_RING_BUFFER) += trace/
obj-$(CONFIG_TRACEPOINTS) += trace/
obj-$(CONFIG_IRQ_WORK) += irq_work.o
obj-$(CONFIG_CPU_PM) += cpu_pm.o
obj-$(CONFIG_BPF) += bpf/
obj-$(CONFIG_PERF_EVENTS) += events/
obj-$(CONFIG_USER_RETURN_NOTIFIER) += user-return-notifier.o
obj-$(CONFIG_PADATA) += padata.o
obj-$(CONFIG_CRASH_DUMP) += crash_dump.o
jump label: Reduce the cycle count by changing the link order In the course of testing jump labels for use with the CFS bandwidth controller, Paul Turner, discovered that using jump labels reduced the branch count and the instruction count, but did not reduce the cycle count or wall time. I noticed that having the jump_label.o included in the kernel but not used in any way still caused this increase in cycle count and wall time. Thus, I moved jump_label.o in the kernel/Makefile, thus changing the link order, and presumably moving it out of hot icache areas. This brought down the cycle count/time as expected. In addition to Paul's testing, I've tested the patch using a single 'static_branch()' in the getppid() path, and basically running tight loops of calls to getppid(). Here are my results for the branch disabled case: With jump labels turned on (CONFIG_JUMP_LABEL), branch disabled: Performance counter stats for 'bash -c /tmp/getppid;true' (50 runs): 3,969,510,217 instructions # 0.864 IPC ( +-0.000% ) 4,592,334,954 cycles ( +- 0.046% ) 751,634,470 branches ( +- 0.000% ) 1.722635797 seconds time elapsed ( +- 0.046% ) Jump labels turned off (CONFIG_JUMP_LABEL not set), branch disabled: Performance counter stats for 'bash -c /tmp/getppid;true' (50 runs): 4,009,611,846 instructions # 0.867 IPC ( +-0.000% ) 4,622,210,580 cycles ( +- 0.012% ) 771,662,904 branches ( +- 0.000% ) 1.734341454 seconds time elapsed ( +- 0.022% ) Signed-off-by: Jason Baron <jbaron@redhat.com> Cc: rth@redhat.com Cc: a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl Cc: rostedt@goodmis.org Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20110805204040.GG2522@redhat.com Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Tested-by: Paul Turner <pjt@google.com>
2011-08-05 20:40:40 +00:00
obj-$(CONFIG_JUMP_LABEL) += jump_label.o
obj-$(CONFIG_CONTEXT_TRACKING) += context_tracking.o
obj-$(CONFIG_TORTURE_TEST) += torture.o
obj-$(CONFIG_HAS_IOMEM) += memremap.o
$(obj)/configs.o: $(obj)/config_data.h
targets += config_data.gz
$(obj)/config_data.gz: $(KCONFIG_CONFIG) FORCE
$(call if_changed,gzip)
bin2c: move bin2c in scripts/basic This patch series does not do kernel signature verification yet. I plan to post another patch series for that. Now distributions are already signing PE/COFF bzImage with PKCS7 signature I plan to parse and verify those signatures. Primary goal of this patchset is to prepare groundwork so that kernel image can be signed and signatures be verified during kexec load. This should help with two things. - It should allow kexec/kdump on secureboot enabled machines. - In general it can help even without secureboot. By being able to verify kernel image signature in kexec, it should help with avoiding module signing restrictions. Matthew Garret showed how to boot into a custom kernel, modify first kernel's memory and then jump back to old kernel and bypass any policy one wants to. This patch (of 15): Kexec wants to use bin2c and it wants to use it really early in the build process. See arch/x86/purgatory/ code in later patches. So move bin2c in scripts/basic so that it can be built very early and be usable by arch/x86/purgatory/ Signed-off-by: Vivek Goyal <vgoyal@redhat.com> Cc: Borislav Petkov <bp@suse.de> Cc: Michael Kerrisk <mtk.manpages@gmail.com> Cc: Yinghai Lu <yinghai@kernel.org> Cc: Eric Biederman <ebiederm@xmission.com> Cc: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com> Cc: Matthew Garrett <mjg59@srcf.ucam.org> Cc: Greg Kroah-Hartman <greg@kroah.com> Cc: Dave Young <dyoung@redhat.com> Cc: WANG Chao <chaowang@redhat.com> Cc: Baoquan He <bhe@redhat.com> Cc: Andy Lutomirski <luto@amacapital.net> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2014-08-08 21:25:38 +00:00
filechk_ikconfiggz = (echo "static const char kernel_config_data[] __used = MAGIC_START"; cat $< | scripts/basic/bin2c; echo "MAGIC_END;")
targets += config_data.h
$(obj)/config_data.h: $(obj)/config_data.gz FORCE
$(call filechk,ikconfiggz)