linux/mm/swapfile.c

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/*
* linux/mm/swapfile.c
*
* Copyright (C) 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994 Linus Torvalds
* Swap reorganised 29.12.95, Stephen Tweedie
*/
#include <linux/mm.h>
#include <linux/hugetlb.h>
#include <linux/mman.h>
#include <linux/slab.h>
#include <linux/kernel_stat.h>
#include <linux/swap.h>
#include <linux/vmalloc.h>
#include <linux/pagemap.h>
#include <linux/namei.h>
#include <linux/shmem_fs.h>
#include <linux/blkdev.h>
#include <linux/random.h>
#include <linux/writeback.h>
#include <linux/proc_fs.h>
#include <linux/seq_file.h>
#include <linux/init.h>
ksm: let shared pages be swappable Initial implementation for swapping out KSM's shared pages: add page_referenced_ksm() and try_to_unmap_ksm(), which rmap.c calls when faced with a PageKsm page. Most of what's needed can be got from the rmap_items listed from the stable_node of the ksm page, without discovering the actual vma: so in this patch just fake up a struct vma for page_referenced_one() or try_to_unmap_one(), then refine that in the next patch. Add VM_NONLINEAR to ksm_madvise()'s list of exclusions: it has always been implicit there (being only set with VM_SHARED, already excluded), but let's make it explicit, to help justify the lack of nonlinear unmap. Rely on the page lock to protect against concurrent modifications to that page's node of the stable tree. The awkward part is not swapout but swapin: do_swap_page() and page_add_anon_rmap() now have to allow for new possibilities - perhaps a ksm page still in swapcache, perhaps a swapcache page associated with one location in one anon_vma now needed for another location or anon_vma. (And the vma might even be no longer VM_MERGEABLE when that happens.) ksm_might_need_to_copy() checks for that case, and supplies a duplicate page when necessary, simply leaving it to a subsequent pass of ksmd to rediscover the identity and merge them back into one ksm page. Disappointingly primitive: but the alternative would have to accumulate unswappable info about the swapped out ksm pages, limiting swappability. Remove page_add_ksm_rmap(): page_add_anon_rmap() now has to allow for the particular case it was handling, so just use it instead. Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hugh.dickins@tiscali.co.uk> Cc: Izik Eidus <ieidus@redhat.com> Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com> Cc: Chris Wright <chrisw@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2009-12-15 01:59:24 +00:00
#include <linux/ksm.h>
#include <linux/rmap.h>
#include <linux/security.h>
#include <linux/backing-dev.h>
#include <linux/mutex.h>
#include <linux/capability.h>
#include <linux/syscalls.h>
Memory controller: memory accounting Add the accounting hooks. The accounting is carried out for RSS and Page Cache (unmapped) pages. There is now a common limit and accounting for both. The RSS accounting is accounted at page_add_*_rmap() and page_remove_rmap() time. Page cache is accounted at add_to_page_cache(), __delete_from_page_cache(). Swap cache is also accounted for. Each page's page_cgroup is protected with the last bit of the page_cgroup pointer, this makes handling of race conditions involving simultaneous mappings of a page easier. A reference count is kept in the page_cgroup to deal with cases where a page might be unmapped from the RSS of all tasks, but still lives in the page cache. Credits go to Vaidyanathan Srinivasan for helping with reference counting work of the page cgroup. Almost all of the page cache accounting code has help from Vaidyanathan Srinivasan. [hugh@veritas.com: fix swapoff breakage] [akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix locking] Signed-off-by: Vaidyanathan Srinivasan <svaidy@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Signed-off-by: Balbir Singh <balbir@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Cc: Pavel Emelianov <xemul@openvz.org> Cc: Paul Menage <menage@google.com> Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl> Cc: "Eric W. Biederman" <ebiederm@xmission.com> Cc: Nick Piggin <nickpiggin@yahoo.com.au> Cc: Kirill Korotaev <dev@sw.ru> Cc: Herbert Poetzl <herbert@13thfloor.at> Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Cc: <Valdis.Kletnieks@vt.edu> Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hugh@veritas.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2008-02-07 08:13:53 +00:00
#include <linux/memcontrol.h>
#include <linux/poll.h>
#include <linux/oom.h>
#include <asm/pgtable.h>
#include <asm/tlbflush.h>
#include <linux/swapops.h>
memcg: swap cgroup for remembering usage For accounting swap, we need a record per swap entry, at least. This patch adds following function. - swap_cgroup_swapon() .... called from swapon - swap_cgroup_swapoff() ... called at the end of swapoff. - swap_cgroup_record() .... record information of swap entry. - swap_cgroup_lookup() .... lookup information of swap entry. This patch just implements "how to record information". No actual method for limit the usage of swap. These routine uses flat table to record and lookup. "wise" lookup system like radix-tree requires requires memory allocation at new records but swap-out is usually called under memory shortage (or memcg hits limit.) So, I used static allocation. (maybe dynamic allocation is not very hard but it adds additional memory allocation in memory shortage path.) Note1: In this, we use pointer to record information and this means 8bytes per swap entry. I think we can reduce this when we create "id of cgroup" in the range of 0-65535 or 0-255. Reported-by: Daisuke Nishimura <nishimura@mxp.nes.nec.co.jp> Reviewed-by: Daisuke Nishimura <nishimura@mxp.nes.nec.co.jp> Tested-by: Daisuke Nishimura <nishimura@mxp.nes.nec.co.jp> Reported-by: Hugh Dickins <hugh@veritas.com> Reported-by: Balbir Singh <balbir@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Reported-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com> Cc: Pavel Emelianov <xemul@openvz.org> Cc: Li Zefan <lizf@cn.fujitsu.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2009-01-08 02:07:58 +00:00
#include <linux/page_cgroup.h>
swap_info: swap count continuations Swap is duplicated (reference count incremented by one) whenever the same swap page is inserted into another mm (when forking finds a swap entry in place of a pte, or when reclaim unmaps a pte to insert the swap entry). swap_info_struct's vmalloc'ed swap_map is the array of these reference counts: but what happens when the unsigned short (or unsigned char since the preceding patch) is full? (and its high bit is kept for a cache flag) We then lose track of it, never freeing, leaving it in use until swapoff: at which point we _hope_ that a single pass will have found all instances, assume there are no more, and will lose user data if we're wrong. Swapping of KSM pages has not yet been enabled; but it is implemented, and makes it very easy for a user to overflow the maximum swap count: possible with ordinary process pages, but unlikely, even when pid_max has been raised from PID_MAX_DEFAULT. This patch implements swap count continuations: when the count overflows, a continuation page is allocated and linked to the original vmalloc'ed map page, and this used to hold the continuation counts for that entry and its neighbours. These continuation pages are seldom referenced: the common paths all work on the original swap_map, only referring to a continuation page when the low "digit" of a count is incremented or decremented through SWAP_MAP_MAX. Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hugh.dickins@tiscali.co.uk> Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com> Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2009-12-15 01:58:46 +00:00
static bool swap_count_continued(struct swap_info_struct *, pgoff_t,
unsigned char);
static void free_swap_count_continuations(struct swap_info_struct *);
static sector_t map_swap_entry(swp_entry_t, struct block_device**);
swap_info: swap count continuations Swap is duplicated (reference count incremented by one) whenever the same swap page is inserted into another mm (when forking finds a swap entry in place of a pte, or when reclaim unmaps a pte to insert the swap entry). swap_info_struct's vmalloc'ed swap_map is the array of these reference counts: but what happens when the unsigned short (or unsigned char since the preceding patch) is full? (and its high bit is kept for a cache flag) We then lose track of it, never freeing, leaving it in use until swapoff: at which point we _hope_ that a single pass will have found all instances, assume there are no more, and will lose user data if we're wrong. Swapping of KSM pages has not yet been enabled; but it is implemented, and makes it very easy for a user to overflow the maximum swap count: possible with ordinary process pages, but unlikely, even when pid_max has been raised from PID_MAX_DEFAULT. This patch implements swap count continuations: when the count overflows, a continuation page is allocated and linked to the original vmalloc'ed map page, and this used to hold the continuation counts for that entry and its neighbours. These continuation pages are seldom referenced: the common paths all work on the original swap_map, only referring to a continuation page when the low "digit" of a count is incremented or decremented through SWAP_MAP_MAX. Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hugh.dickins@tiscali.co.uk> Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com> Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2009-12-15 01:58:46 +00:00
static DEFINE_SPINLOCK(swap_lock);
static unsigned int nr_swapfiles;
long nr_swap_pages;
long total_swap_pages;
static int least_priority;
static const char Bad_file[] = "Bad swap file entry ";
static const char Unused_file[] = "Unused swap file entry ";
static const char Bad_offset[] = "Bad swap offset entry ";
static const char Unused_offset[] = "Unused swap offset entry ";
static struct swap_list_t swap_list = {-1, -1};
static struct swap_info_struct *swap_info[MAX_SWAPFILES];
static DEFINE_MUTEX(swapon_mutex);
static DECLARE_WAIT_QUEUE_HEAD(proc_poll_wait);
/* Activity counter to indicate that a swapon or swapoff has occurred */
static atomic_t proc_poll_event = ATOMIC_INIT(0);
static inline unsigned char swap_count(unsigned char ent)
{
swap_info: swap count continuations Swap is duplicated (reference count incremented by one) whenever the same swap page is inserted into another mm (when forking finds a swap entry in place of a pte, or when reclaim unmaps a pte to insert the swap entry). swap_info_struct's vmalloc'ed swap_map is the array of these reference counts: but what happens when the unsigned short (or unsigned char since the preceding patch) is full? (and its high bit is kept for a cache flag) We then lose track of it, never freeing, leaving it in use until swapoff: at which point we _hope_ that a single pass will have found all instances, assume there are no more, and will lose user data if we're wrong. Swapping of KSM pages has not yet been enabled; but it is implemented, and makes it very easy for a user to overflow the maximum swap count: possible with ordinary process pages, but unlikely, even when pid_max has been raised from PID_MAX_DEFAULT. This patch implements swap count continuations: when the count overflows, a continuation page is allocated and linked to the original vmalloc'ed map page, and this used to hold the continuation counts for that entry and its neighbours. These continuation pages are seldom referenced: the common paths all work on the original swap_map, only referring to a continuation page when the low "digit" of a count is incremented or decremented through SWAP_MAP_MAX. Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hugh.dickins@tiscali.co.uk> Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com> Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2009-12-15 01:58:46 +00:00
return ent & ~SWAP_HAS_CACHE; /* may include SWAP_HAS_CONT flag */
}
/* returns 1 if swap entry is freed */
static int
__try_to_reclaim_swap(struct swap_info_struct *si, unsigned long offset)
{
swp_entry_t entry = swp_entry(si->type, offset);
struct page *page;
int ret = 0;
page = find_get_page(&swapper_space, entry.val);
if (!page)
return 0;
/*
* This function is called from scan_swap_map() and it's called
* by vmscan.c at reclaiming pages. So, we hold a lock on a page, here.
* We have to use trylock for avoiding deadlock. This is a special
* case and you should use try_to_free_swap() with explicit lock_page()
* in usual operations.
*/
if (trylock_page(page)) {
ret = try_to_free_swap(page);
unlock_page(page);
}
page_cache_release(page);
return ret;
}
/*
* swapon tell device that all the old swap contents can be discarded,
* to allow the swap device to optimize its wear-levelling.
*/
static int discard_swap(struct swap_info_struct *si)
{
struct swap_extent *se;
sector_t start_block;
sector_t nr_blocks;
int err = 0;
/* Do not discard the swap header page! */
se = &si->first_swap_extent;
start_block = (se->start_block + 1) << (PAGE_SHIFT - 9);
nr_blocks = ((sector_t)se->nr_pages - 1) << (PAGE_SHIFT - 9);
if (nr_blocks) {
err = blkdev_issue_discard(si->bdev, start_block,
nr_blocks, GFP_KERNEL, 0);
if (err)
return err;
cond_resched();
}
list_for_each_entry(se, &si->first_swap_extent.list, list) {
start_block = se->start_block << (PAGE_SHIFT - 9);
nr_blocks = (sector_t)se->nr_pages << (PAGE_SHIFT - 9);
err = blkdev_issue_discard(si->bdev, start_block,
nr_blocks, GFP_KERNEL, 0);
if (err)
break;
cond_resched();
}
return err; /* That will often be -EOPNOTSUPP */
}
/*
* swap allocation tell device that a cluster of swap can now be discarded,
* to allow the swap device to optimize its wear-levelling.
*/
static void discard_swap_cluster(struct swap_info_struct *si,
pgoff_t start_page, pgoff_t nr_pages)
{
struct swap_extent *se = si->curr_swap_extent;
int found_extent = 0;
while (nr_pages) {
struct list_head *lh;
if (se->start_page <= start_page &&
start_page < se->start_page + se->nr_pages) {
pgoff_t offset = start_page - se->start_page;
sector_t start_block = se->start_block + offset;
sector_t nr_blocks = se->nr_pages - offset;
if (nr_blocks > nr_pages)
nr_blocks = nr_pages;
start_page += nr_blocks;
nr_pages -= nr_blocks;
if (!found_extent++)
si->curr_swap_extent = se;
start_block <<= PAGE_SHIFT - 9;
nr_blocks <<= PAGE_SHIFT - 9;
if (blkdev_issue_discard(si->bdev, start_block,
nr_blocks, GFP_NOIO, 0))
break;
}
lh = se->list.next;
se = list_entry(lh, struct swap_extent, list);
}
}
static int wait_for_discard(void *word)
{
schedule();
return 0;
}
#define SWAPFILE_CLUSTER 256
#define LATENCY_LIMIT 256
static unsigned long scan_swap_map(struct swap_info_struct *si,
unsigned char usage)
{
unsigned long offset;
unsigned long scan_base;
unsigned long last_in_cluster = 0;
int latency_ration = LATENCY_LIMIT;
int found_free_cluster = 0;
/*
* We try to cluster swap pages by allocating them sequentially
* in swap. Once we've allocated SWAPFILE_CLUSTER pages this
* way, however, we resort to first-free allocation, starting
* a new cluster. This prevents us from scattering swap pages
* all over the entire swap partition, so that we reduce
* overall disk seek times between swap pages. -- sct
* But we do now try to find an empty cluster. -Andrea
* And we let swap pages go all over an SSD partition. Hugh
*/
si->flags += SWP_SCANNING;
scan_base = offset = si->cluster_next;
if (unlikely(!si->cluster_nr--)) {
if (si->pages - si->inuse_pages < SWAPFILE_CLUSTER) {
si->cluster_nr = SWAPFILE_CLUSTER - 1;
goto checks;
}
if (si->flags & SWP_DISCARDABLE) {
/*
* Start range check on racing allocations, in case
* they overlap the cluster we eventually decide on
* (we scan without swap_lock to allow preemption).
* It's hardly conceivable that cluster_nr could be
* wrapped during our scan, but don't depend on it.
*/
if (si->lowest_alloc)
goto checks;
si->lowest_alloc = si->max;
si->highest_alloc = 0;
}
spin_unlock(&swap_lock);
/*
* If seek is expensive, start searching for new cluster from
* start of partition, to minimize the span of allocated swap.
* But if seek is cheap, search from our current position, so
* that swap is allocated from all over the partition: if the
* Flash Translation Layer only remaps within limited zones,
* we don't want to wear out the first zone too quickly.
*/
if (!(si->flags & SWP_SOLIDSTATE))
scan_base = offset = si->lowest_bit;
last_in_cluster = offset + SWAPFILE_CLUSTER - 1;
/* Locate the first empty (unaligned) cluster */
for (; last_in_cluster <= si->highest_bit; offset++) {
if (si->swap_map[offset])
last_in_cluster = offset + SWAPFILE_CLUSTER;
else if (offset == last_in_cluster) {
spin_lock(&swap_lock);
offset -= SWAPFILE_CLUSTER - 1;
si->cluster_next = offset;
si->cluster_nr = SWAPFILE_CLUSTER - 1;
found_free_cluster = 1;
goto checks;
}
if (unlikely(--latency_ration < 0)) {
cond_resched();
latency_ration = LATENCY_LIMIT;
}
}
offset = si->lowest_bit;
last_in_cluster = offset + SWAPFILE_CLUSTER - 1;
/* Locate the first empty (unaligned) cluster */
for (; last_in_cluster < scan_base; offset++) {
if (si->swap_map[offset])
last_in_cluster = offset + SWAPFILE_CLUSTER;
else if (offset == last_in_cluster) {
spin_lock(&swap_lock);
offset -= SWAPFILE_CLUSTER - 1;
si->cluster_next = offset;
si->cluster_nr = SWAPFILE_CLUSTER - 1;
found_free_cluster = 1;
goto checks;
}
if (unlikely(--latency_ration < 0)) {
cond_resched();
latency_ration = LATENCY_LIMIT;
}
}
offset = scan_base;
spin_lock(&swap_lock);
si->cluster_nr = SWAPFILE_CLUSTER - 1;
si->lowest_alloc = 0;
}
checks:
if (!(si->flags & SWP_WRITEOK))
goto no_page;
if (!si->highest_bit)
goto no_page;
if (offset > si->highest_bit)
scan_base = offset = si->lowest_bit;
/* reuse swap entry of cache-only swap if not busy. */
if (vm_swap_full() && si->swap_map[offset] == SWAP_HAS_CACHE) {
int swap_was_freed;
spin_unlock(&swap_lock);
swap_was_freed = __try_to_reclaim_swap(si, offset);
spin_lock(&swap_lock);
/* entry was freed successfully, try to use this again */
if (swap_was_freed)
goto checks;
goto scan; /* check next one */
}
if (si->swap_map[offset])
goto scan;
if (offset == si->lowest_bit)
si->lowest_bit++;
if (offset == si->highest_bit)
si->highest_bit--;
si->inuse_pages++;
if (si->inuse_pages == si->pages) {
si->lowest_bit = si->max;
si->highest_bit = 0;
}
si->swap_map[offset] = usage;
si->cluster_next = offset + 1;
si->flags -= SWP_SCANNING;
if (si->lowest_alloc) {
/*
* Only set when SWP_DISCARDABLE, and there's a scan
* for a free cluster in progress or just completed.
*/
if (found_free_cluster) {
/*
* To optimize wear-levelling, discard the
* old data of the cluster, taking care not to
* discard any of its pages that have already
* been allocated by racing tasks (offset has
* already stepped over any at the beginning).
*/
if (offset < si->highest_alloc &&
si->lowest_alloc <= last_in_cluster)
last_in_cluster = si->lowest_alloc - 1;
si->flags |= SWP_DISCARDING;
spin_unlock(&swap_lock);
if (offset < last_in_cluster)
discard_swap_cluster(si, offset,
last_in_cluster - offset + 1);
spin_lock(&swap_lock);
si->lowest_alloc = 0;
si->flags &= ~SWP_DISCARDING;
smp_mb(); /* wake_up_bit advises this */
wake_up_bit(&si->flags, ilog2(SWP_DISCARDING));
} else if (si->flags & SWP_DISCARDING) {
/*
* Delay using pages allocated by racing tasks
* until the whole discard has been issued. We
* could defer that delay until swap_writepage,
* but it's easier to keep this self-contained.
*/
spin_unlock(&swap_lock);
wait_on_bit(&si->flags, ilog2(SWP_DISCARDING),
wait_for_discard, TASK_UNINTERRUPTIBLE);
spin_lock(&swap_lock);
} else {
/*
* Note pages allocated by racing tasks while
* scan for a free cluster is in progress, so
* that its final discard can exclude them.
*/
if (offset < si->lowest_alloc)
si->lowest_alloc = offset;
if (offset > si->highest_alloc)
si->highest_alloc = offset;
}
}
return offset;
scan:
spin_unlock(&swap_lock);
while (++offset <= si->highest_bit) {
if (!si->swap_map[offset]) {
spin_lock(&swap_lock);
goto checks;
}
if (vm_swap_full() && si->swap_map[offset] == SWAP_HAS_CACHE) {
spin_lock(&swap_lock);
goto checks;
}
if (unlikely(--latency_ration < 0)) {
cond_resched();
latency_ration = LATENCY_LIMIT;
}
}
offset = si->lowest_bit;
while (++offset < scan_base) {
if (!si->swap_map[offset]) {
spin_lock(&swap_lock);
goto checks;
}
if (vm_swap_full() && si->swap_map[offset] == SWAP_HAS_CACHE) {
spin_lock(&swap_lock);
goto checks;
}
if (unlikely(--latency_ration < 0)) {
cond_resched();
latency_ration = LATENCY_LIMIT;
}
}
spin_lock(&swap_lock);
no_page:
si->flags -= SWP_SCANNING;
return 0;
}
swp_entry_t get_swap_page(void)
{
struct swap_info_struct *si;
pgoff_t offset;
int type, next;
int wrapped = 0;
spin_lock(&swap_lock);
if (nr_swap_pages <= 0)
goto noswap;
nr_swap_pages--;
for (type = swap_list.next; type >= 0 && wrapped < 2; type = next) {
si = swap_info[type];
next = si->next;
if (next < 0 ||
(!wrapped && si->prio != swap_info[next]->prio)) {
next = swap_list.head;
wrapped++;
}
if (!si->highest_bit)
continue;
if (!(si->flags & SWP_WRITEOK))
continue;
swap_list.next = next;
/* This is called for allocating swap entry for cache */
offset = scan_swap_map(si, SWAP_HAS_CACHE);
if (offset) {
spin_unlock(&swap_lock);
return swp_entry(type, offset);
}
next = swap_list.next;
}
nr_swap_pages++;
noswap:
spin_unlock(&swap_lock);
return (swp_entry_t) {0};
}
/* The only caller of this function is now susupend routine */
swp_entry_t get_swap_page_of_type(int type)
{
struct swap_info_struct *si;
pgoff_t offset;
spin_lock(&swap_lock);
si = swap_info[type];
if (si && (si->flags & SWP_WRITEOK)) {
nr_swap_pages--;
/* This is called for allocating swap entry, not cache */
offset = scan_swap_map(si, 1);
if (offset) {
spin_unlock(&swap_lock);
return swp_entry(type, offset);
}
nr_swap_pages++;
}
spin_unlock(&swap_lock);
return (swp_entry_t) {0};
}
static struct swap_info_struct *swap_info_get(swp_entry_t entry)
{
struct swap_info_struct *p;
unsigned long offset, type;
if (!entry.val)
goto out;
type = swp_type(entry);
if (type >= nr_swapfiles)
goto bad_nofile;
p = swap_info[type];
if (!(p->flags & SWP_USED))
goto bad_device;
offset = swp_offset(entry);
if (offset >= p->max)
goto bad_offset;
if (!p->swap_map[offset])
goto bad_free;
spin_lock(&swap_lock);
return p;
bad_free:
printk(KERN_ERR "swap_free: %s%08lx\n", Unused_offset, entry.val);
goto out;
bad_offset:
printk(KERN_ERR "swap_free: %s%08lx\n", Bad_offset, entry.val);
goto out;
bad_device:
printk(KERN_ERR "swap_free: %s%08lx\n", Unused_file, entry.val);
goto out;
bad_nofile:
printk(KERN_ERR "swap_free: %s%08lx\n", Bad_file, entry.val);
out:
return NULL;
}
static unsigned char swap_entry_free(struct swap_info_struct *p,
swp_entry_t entry, unsigned char usage)
{
unsigned long offset = swp_offset(entry);
unsigned char count;
unsigned char has_cache;
count = p->swap_map[offset];
has_cache = count & SWAP_HAS_CACHE;
count &= ~SWAP_HAS_CACHE;
if (usage == SWAP_HAS_CACHE) {
VM_BUG_ON(!has_cache);
has_cache = 0;
} else if (count == SWAP_MAP_SHMEM) {
/*
* Or we could insist on shmem.c using a special
* swap_shmem_free() and free_shmem_swap_and_cache()...
*/
count = 0;
swap_info: swap count continuations Swap is duplicated (reference count incremented by one) whenever the same swap page is inserted into another mm (when forking finds a swap entry in place of a pte, or when reclaim unmaps a pte to insert the swap entry). swap_info_struct's vmalloc'ed swap_map is the array of these reference counts: but what happens when the unsigned short (or unsigned char since the preceding patch) is full? (and its high bit is kept for a cache flag) We then lose track of it, never freeing, leaving it in use until swapoff: at which point we _hope_ that a single pass will have found all instances, assume there are no more, and will lose user data if we're wrong. Swapping of KSM pages has not yet been enabled; but it is implemented, and makes it very easy for a user to overflow the maximum swap count: possible with ordinary process pages, but unlikely, even when pid_max has been raised from PID_MAX_DEFAULT. This patch implements swap count continuations: when the count overflows, a continuation page is allocated and linked to the original vmalloc'ed map page, and this used to hold the continuation counts for that entry and its neighbours. These continuation pages are seldom referenced: the common paths all work on the original swap_map, only referring to a continuation page when the low "digit" of a count is incremented or decremented through SWAP_MAP_MAX. Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hugh.dickins@tiscali.co.uk> Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com> Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2009-12-15 01:58:46 +00:00
} else if ((count & ~COUNT_CONTINUED) <= SWAP_MAP_MAX) {
if (count == COUNT_CONTINUED) {
if (swap_count_continued(p, offset, count))
count = SWAP_MAP_MAX | COUNT_CONTINUED;
else
count = SWAP_MAP_MAX;
} else
count--;
}
if (!count)
mem_cgroup_uncharge_swap(entry);
usage = count | has_cache;
p->swap_map[offset] = usage;
/* free if no reference */
if (!usage) {
struct gendisk *disk = p->bdev->bd_disk;
if (offset < p->lowest_bit)
p->lowest_bit = offset;
if (offset > p->highest_bit)
p->highest_bit = offset;
if (swap_list.next >= 0 &&
p->prio > swap_info[swap_list.next]->prio)
swap_list.next = p->type;
nr_swap_pages++;
p->inuse_pages--;
if ((p->flags & SWP_BLKDEV) &&
disk->fops->swap_slot_free_notify)
disk->fops->swap_slot_free_notify(p->bdev, offset);
}
return usage;
}
/*
* Caller has made sure that the swapdevice corresponding to entry
* is still around or has not been recycled.
*/
void swap_free(swp_entry_t entry)
{
struct swap_info_struct *p;
p = swap_info_get(entry);
if (p) {
swap_entry_free(p, entry, 1);
spin_unlock(&swap_lock);
}
}
/*
* Called after dropping swapcache to decrease refcnt to swap entries.
*/
void swapcache_free(swp_entry_t entry, struct page *page)
{
struct swap_info_struct *p;
unsigned char count;
p = swap_info_get(entry);
if (p) {
count = swap_entry_free(p, entry, SWAP_HAS_CACHE);
if (page)
mem_cgroup_uncharge_swapcache(page, entry, count != 0);
spin_unlock(&swap_lock);
}
}
/*
* How many references to page are currently swapped out?
swap_info: swap count continuations Swap is duplicated (reference count incremented by one) whenever the same swap page is inserted into another mm (when forking finds a swap entry in place of a pte, or when reclaim unmaps a pte to insert the swap entry). swap_info_struct's vmalloc'ed swap_map is the array of these reference counts: but what happens when the unsigned short (or unsigned char since the preceding patch) is full? (and its high bit is kept for a cache flag) We then lose track of it, never freeing, leaving it in use until swapoff: at which point we _hope_ that a single pass will have found all instances, assume there are no more, and will lose user data if we're wrong. Swapping of KSM pages has not yet been enabled; but it is implemented, and makes it very easy for a user to overflow the maximum swap count: possible with ordinary process pages, but unlikely, even when pid_max has been raised from PID_MAX_DEFAULT. This patch implements swap count continuations: when the count overflows, a continuation page is allocated and linked to the original vmalloc'ed map page, and this used to hold the continuation counts for that entry and its neighbours. These continuation pages are seldom referenced: the common paths all work on the original swap_map, only referring to a continuation page when the low "digit" of a count is incremented or decremented through SWAP_MAP_MAX. Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hugh.dickins@tiscali.co.uk> Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com> Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2009-12-15 01:58:46 +00:00
* This does not give an exact answer when swap count is continued,
* but does include the high COUNT_CONTINUED flag to allow for that.
*/
static inline int page_swapcount(struct page *page)
{
int count = 0;
struct swap_info_struct *p;
swp_entry_t entry;
[PATCH] mm: split page table lock Christoph Lameter demonstrated very poor scalability on the SGI 512-way, with a many-threaded application which concurrently initializes different parts of a large anonymous area. This patch corrects that, by using a separate spinlock per page table page, to guard the page table entries in that page, instead of using the mm's single page_table_lock. (But even then, page_table_lock is still used to guard page table allocation, and anon_vma allocation.) In this implementation, the spinlock is tucked inside the struct page of the page table page: with a BUILD_BUG_ON in case it overflows - which it would in the case of 32-bit PA-RISC with spinlock debugging enabled. Splitting the lock is not quite for free: another cacheline access. Ideally, I suppose we would use split ptlock only for multi-threaded processes on multi-cpu machines; but deciding that dynamically would have its own costs. So for now enable it by config, at some number of cpus - since the Kconfig language doesn't support inequalities, let preprocessor compare that with NR_CPUS. But I don't think it's worth being user-configurable: for good testing of both split and unsplit configs, split now at 4 cpus, and perhaps change that to 8 later. There is a benefit even for singly threaded processes: kswapd can be attacking one part of the mm while another part is busy faulting. Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hugh@veritas.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
2005-10-30 01:16:40 +00:00
entry.val = page_private(page);
p = swap_info_get(entry);
if (p) {
count = swap_count(p->swap_map[swp_offset(entry)]);
spin_unlock(&swap_lock);
}
return count;
}
/*
* We can write to an anon page without COW if there are no other references
* to it. And as a side-effect, free up its swap: because the old content
* on disk will never be read, and seeking back there to write new content
* later would only waste time away from clustering.
*/
int reuse_swap_page(struct page *page)
{
int count;
VM_BUG_ON(!PageLocked(page));
ksm: let shared pages be swappable Initial implementation for swapping out KSM's shared pages: add page_referenced_ksm() and try_to_unmap_ksm(), which rmap.c calls when faced with a PageKsm page. Most of what's needed can be got from the rmap_items listed from the stable_node of the ksm page, without discovering the actual vma: so in this patch just fake up a struct vma for page_referenced_one() or try_to_unmap_one(), then refine that in the next patch. Add VM_NONLINEAR to ksm_madvise()'s list of exclusions: it has always been implicit there (being only set with VM_SHARED, already excluded), but let's make it explicit, to help justify the lack of nonlinear unmap. Rely on the page lock to protect against concurrent modifications to that page's node of the stable tree. The awkward part is not swapout but swapin: do_swap_page() and page_add_anon_rmap() now have to allow for new possibilities - perhaps a ksm page still in swapcache, perhaps a swapcache page associated with one location in one anon_vma now needed for another location or anon_vma. (And the vma might even be no longer VM_MERGEABLE when that happens.) ksm_might_need_to_copy() checks for that case, and supplies a duplicate page when necessary, simply leaving it to a subsequent pass of ksmd to rediscover the identity and merge them back into one ksm page. Disappointingly primitive: but the alternative would have to accumulate unswappable info about the swapped out ksm pages, limiting swappability. Remove page_add_ksm_rmap(): page_add_anon_rmap() now has to allow for the particular case it was handling, so just use it instead. Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hugh.dickins@tiscali.co.uk> Cc: Izik Eidus <ieidus@redhat.com> Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com> Cc: Chris Wright <chrisw@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2009-12-15 01:59:24 +00:00
if (unlikely(PageKsm(page)))
return 0;
count = page_mapcount(page);
if (count <= 1 && PageSwapCache(page)) {
count += page_swapcount(page);
if (count == 1 && !PageWriteback(page)) {
delete_from_swap_cache(page);
SetPageDirty(page);
}
}
ksm: let shared pages be swappable Initial implementation for swapping out KSM's shared pages: add page_referenced_ksm() and try_to_unmap_ksm(), which rmap.c calls when faced with a PageKsm page. Most of what's needed can be got from the rmap_items listed from the stable_node of the ksm page, without discovering the actual vma: so in this patch just fake up a struct vma for page_referenced_one() or try_to_unmap_one(), then refine that in the next patch. Add VM_NONLINEAR to ksm_madvise()'s list of exclusions: it has always been implicit there (being only set with VM_SHARED, already excluded), but let's make it explicit, to help justify the lack of nonlinear unmap. Rely on the page lock to protect against concurrent modifications to that page's node of the stable tree. The awkward part is not swapout but swapin: do_swap_page() and page_add_anon_rmap() now have to allow for new possibilities - perhaps a ksm page still in swapcache, perhaps a swapcache page associated with one location in one anon_vma now needed for another location or anon_vma. (And the vma might even be no longer VM_MERGEABLE when that happens.) ksm_might_need_to_copy() checks for that case, and supplies a duplicate page when necessary, simply leaving it to a subsequent pass of ksmd to rediscover the identity and merge them back into one ksm page. Disappointingly primitive: but the alternative would have to accumulate unswappable info about the swapped out ksm pages, limiting swappability. Remove page_add_ksm_rmap(): page_add_anon_rmap() now has to allow for the particular case it was handling, so just use it instead. Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hugh.dickins@tiscali.co.uk> Cc: Izik Eidus <ieidus@redhat.com> Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com> Cc: Chris Wright <chrisw@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2009-12-15 01:59:24 +00:00
return count <= 1;
}
/*
mm: try_to_free_swap replaces remove_exclusive_swap_page remove_exclusive_swap_page(): its problem is in living up to its name. It doesn't matter if someone else has a reference to the page (raised page_count); it doesn't matter if the page is mapped into userspace (raised page_mapcount - though that hints it may be worth keeping the swap): all that matters is that there be no more references to the swap (and no writeback in progress). swapoff (try_to_unuse) has been removing pages from swapcache for years, with no concern for page count or page mapcount, and we used to have a comment in lookup_swap_cache() recognizing that: if you go for a page of swapcache, you'll get the right page, but it could have been removed from swapcache by the time you get page lock. So, give up asking for exclusivity: get rid of remove_exclusive_swap_page(), and remove_exclusive_swap_page_ref() and remove_exclusive_swap_page_count() which were spawned for the recent LRU work: replace them by the simpler try_to_free_swap() which just checks page_swapcount(). Similarly, remove the page_count limitation from free_swap_and_count(), but assume that it's worth holding on to the swap if page is mapped and swap nowhere near full. Add a vm_swap_full() test in free_swap_cache()? It would be consistent, but I think we probably have enough for now. Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hugh@veritas.com> Cc: Lee Schermerhorn <lee.schermerhorn@hp.com> Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Cc: Nick Piggin <nickpiggin@yahoo.com.au> Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com> Cc: Robin Holt <holt@sgi.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2009-01-06 22:39:36 +00:00
* If swap is getting full, or if there are no more mappings of this page,
* then try_to_free_swap is called to free its swap space.
*/
mm: try_to_free_swap replaces remove_exclusive_swap_page remove_exclusive_swap_page(): its problem is in living up to its name. It doesn't matter if someone else has a reference to the page (raised page_count); it doesn't matter if the page is mapped into userspace (raised page_mapcount - though that hints it may be worth keeping the swap): all that matters is that there be no more references to the swap (and no writeback in progress). swapoff (try_to_unuse) has been removing pages from swapcache for years, with no concern for page count or page mapcount, and we used to have a comment in lookup_swap_cache() recognizing that: if you go for a page of swapcache, you'll get the right page, but it could have been removed from swapcache by the time you get page lock. So, give up asking for exclusivity: get rid of remove_exclusive_swap_page(), and remove_exclusive_swap_page_ref() and remove_exclusive_swap_page_count() which were spawned for the recent LRU work: replace them by the simpler try_to_free_swap() which just checks page_swapcount(). Similarly, remove the page_count limitation from free_swap_and_count(), but assume that it's worth holding on to the swap if page is mapped and swap nowhere near full. Add a vm_swap_full() test in free_swap_cache()? It would be consistent, but I think we probably have enough for now. Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hugh@veritas.com> Cc: Lee Schermerhorn <lee.schermerhorn@hp.com> Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Cc: Nick Piggin <nickpiggin@yahoo.com.au> Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com> Cc: Robin Holt <holt@sgi.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2009-01-06 22:39:36 +00:00
int try_to_free_swap(struct page *page)
{
VM_BUG_ON(!PageLocked(page));
if (!PageSwapCache(page))
return 0;
if (PageWriteback(page))
return 0;
mm: try_to_free_swap replaces remove_exclusive_swap_page remove_exclusive_swap_page(): its problem is in living up to its name. It doesn't matter if someone else has a reference to the page (raised page_count); it doesn't matter if the page is mapped into userspace (raised page_mapcount - though that hints it may be worth keeping the swap): all that matters is that there be no more references to the swap (and no writeback in progress). swapoff (try_to_unuse) has been removing pages from swapcache for years, with no concern for page count or page mapcount, and we used to have a comment in lookup_swap_cache() recognizing that: if you go for a page of swapcache, you'll get the right page, but it could have been removed from swapcache by the time you get page lock. So, give up asking for exclusivity: get rid of remove_exclusive_swap_page(), and remove_exclusive_swap_page_ref() and remove_exclusive_swap_page_count() which were spawned for the recent LRU work: replace them by the simpler try_to_free_swap() which just checks page_swapcount(). Similarly, remove the page_count limitation from free_swap_and_count(), but assume that it's worth holding on to the swap if page is mapped and swap nowhere near full. Add a vm_swap_full() test in free_swap_cache()? It would be consistent, but I think we probably have enough for now. Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hugh@veritas.com> Cc: Lee Schermerhorn <lee.schermerhorn@hp.com> Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Cc: Nick Piggin <nickpiggin@yahoo.com.au> Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com> Cc: Robin Holt <holt@sgi.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2009-01-06 22:39:36 +00:00
if (page_swapcount(page))
return 0;
/*
* Once hibernation has begun to create its image of memory,
* there's a danger that one of the calls to try_to_free_swap()
* - most probably a call from __try_to_reclaim_swap() while
* hibernation is allocating its own swap pages for the image,
* but conceivably even a call from memory reclaim - will free
* the swap from a page which has already been recorded in the
* image as a clean swapcache page, and then reuse its swap for
* another page of the image. On waking from hibernation, the
* original page might be freed under memory pressure, then
* later read back in from swap, now with the wrong data.
*
mm: avoid livelock on !__GFP_FS allocations Colin Cross reported; Under the following conditions, __alloc_pages_slowpath can loop forever: gfp_mask & __GFP_WAIT is true gfp_mask & __GFP_FS is false reclaim and compaction make no progress order <= PAGE_ALLOC_COSTLY_ORDER These conditions happen very often during suspend and resume, when pm_restrict_gfp_mask() effectively converts all GFP_KERNEL allocations into __GFP_WAIT. The oom killer is not run because gfp_mask & __GFP_FS is false, but should_alloc_retry will always return true when order is less than PAGE_ALLOC_COSTLY_ORDER. In his fix, he avoided retrying the allocation if reclaim made no progress and __GFP_FS was not set. The problem is that this would result in GFP_NOIO allocations failing that previously succeeded which would be very unfortunate. The big difference between GFP_NOIO and suspend converting GFP_KERNEL to behave like GFP_NOIO is that normally flushers will be cleaning pages and kswapd reclaims pages allowing GFP_NOIO to succeed after a short delay. The same does not necessarily apply during suspend as the storage device may be suspended. This patch special cases the suspend case to fail the page allocation if reclaim cannot make progress and adds some documentation on how gfp_allowed_mask is currently used. Failing allocations like this may cause suspend to abort but that is better than a livelock. [mgorman@suse.de: Rework fix to be suspend specific] [rientjes@google.com: Move suspended device check to should_alloc_retry] Reported-by: Colin Cross <ccross@android.com> Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de> Acked-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan.kim@gmail.com> Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@cs.helsinki.fi> Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com> Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2012-01-10 23:07:15 +00:00
* Hibration suspends storage while it is writing the image
* to disk so check that here.
*/
mm: avoid livelock on !__GFP_FS allocations Colin Cross reported; Under the following conditions, __alloc_pages_slowpath can loop forever: gfp_mask & __GFP_WAIT is true gfp_mask & __GFP_FS is false reclaim and compaction make no progress order <= PAGE_ALLOC_COSTLY_ORDER These conditions happen very often during suspend and resume, when pm_restrict_gfp_mask() effectively converts all GFP_KERNEL allocations into __GFP_WAIT. The oom killer is not run because gfp_mask & __GFP_FS is false, but should_alloc_retry will always return true when order is less than PAGE_ALLOC_COSTLY_ORDER. In his fix, he avoided retrying the allocation if reclaim made no progress and __GFP_FS was not set. The problem is that this would result in GFP_NOIO allocations failing that previously succeeded which would be very unfortunate. The big difference between GFP_NOIO and suspend converting GFP_KERNEL to behave like GFP_NOIO is that normally flushers will be cleaning pages and kswapd reclaims pages allowing GFP_NOIO to succeed after a short delay. The same does not necessarily apply during suspend as the storage device may be suspended. This patch special cases the suspend case to fail the page allocation if reclaim cannot make progress and adds some documentation on how gfp_allowed_mask is currently used. Failing allocations like this may cause suspend to abort but that is better than a livelock. [mgorman@suse.de: Rework fix to be suspend specific] [rientjes@google.com: Move suspended device check to should_alloc_retry] Reported-by: Colin Cross <ccross@android.com> Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de> Acked-by: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan.kim@gmail.com> Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@cs.helsinki.fi> Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com> Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2012-01-10 23:07:15 +00:00
if (pm_suspended_storage())
return 0;
mm: try_to_free_swap replaces remove_exclusive_swap_page remove_exclusive_swap_page(): its problem is in living up to its name. It doesn't matter if someone else has a reference to the page (raised page_count); it doesn't matter if the page is mapped into userspace (raised page_mapcount - though that hints it may be worth keeping the swap): all that matters is that there be no more references to the swap (and no writeback in progress). swapoff (try_to_unuse) has been removing pages from swapcache for years, with no concern for page count or page mapcount, and we used to have a comment in lookup_swap_cache() recognizing that: if you go for a page of swapcache, you'll get the right page, but it could have been removed from swapcache by the time you get page lock. So, give up asking for exclusivity: get rid of remove_exclusive_swap_page(), and remove_exclusive_swap_page_ref() and remove_exclusive_swap_page_count() which were spawned for the recent LRU work: replace them by the simpler try_to_free_swap() which just checks page_swapcount(). Similarly, remove the page_count limitation from free_swap_and_count(), but assume that it's worth holding on to the swap if page is mapped and swap nowhere near full. Add a vm_swap_full() test in free_swap_cache()? It would be consistent, but I think we probably have enough for now. Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hugh@veritas.com> Cc: Lee Schermerhorn <lee.schermerhorn@hp.com> Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Cc: Nick Piggin <nickpiggin@yahoo.com.au> Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com> Cc: Robin Holt <holt@sgi.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2009-01-06 22:39:36 +00:00
delete_from_swap_cache(page);
SetPageDirty(page);
return 1;
}
/*
* Free the swap entry like above, but also try to
* free the page cache entry if it is the last user.
*/
int free_swap_and_cache(swp_entry_t entry)
{
struct swap_info_struct *p;
struct page *page = NULL;
if (non_swap_entry(entry))
return 1;
[PATCH] Swapless page migration: add R/W migration entries Implement read/write migration ptes We take the upper two swapfiles for the two types of migration ptes and define a series of macros in swapops.h. The VM is modified to handle the migration entries. migration entries can only be encountered when the page they are pointing to is locked. This limits the number of places one has to fix. We also check in copy_pte_range and in mprotect_pte_range() for migration ptes. We check for migration ptes in do_swap_cache and call a function that will then wait on the page lock. This allows us to effectively stop all accesses to apge. Migration entries are created by try_to_unmap if called for migration and removed by local functions in migrate.c From: Hugh Dickins <hugh@veritas.com> Several times while testing swapless page migration (I've no NUMA, just hacking it up to migrate recklessly while running load), I've hit the BUG_ON(!PageLocked(p)) in migration_entry_to_page. This comes from an orphaned migration entry, unrelated to the current correctly locked migration, but hit by remove_anon_migration_ptes as it checks an address in each vma of the anon_vma list. Such an orphan may be left behind if an earlier migration raced with fork: copy_one_pte can duplicate a migration entry from parent to child, after remove_anon_migration_ptes has checked the child vma, but before it has removed it from the parent vma. (If the process were later to fault on this orphaned entry, it would hit the same BUG from migration_entry_wait.) This could be fixed by locking anon_vma in copy_one_pte, but we'd rather not. There's no such problem with file pages, because vma_prio_tree_add adds child vma after parent vma, and the page table locking at each end is enough to serialize. Follow that example with anon_vma: add new vmas to the tail instead of the head. (There's no corresponding problem when inserting migration entries, because a missed pte will leave the page count and mapcount high, which is allowed for. And there's no corresponding problem when migrating via swap, because a leftover swap entry will be correctly faulted. But the swapless method has no refcounting of its entries.) From: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> pte_unmap_unlock() takes the pte pointer as an argument. From: Hugh Dickins <hugh@veritas.com> Several times while testing swapless page migration, gcc has tried to exec a pointer instead of a string: smells like COW mappings are not being properly write-protected on fork. The protection in copy_one_pte looks very convincing, until at last you realize that the second arg to make_migration_entry is a boolean "write", and SWP_MIGRATION_READ is 30. Anyway, it's better done like in change_pte_range, using is_write_migration_entry and make_migration_entry_read. From: Hugh Dickins <hugh@veritas.com> Remove unnecessary obfuscation from sys_swapon's range check on swap type, which blew up causing memory corruption once swapless migration made MAX_SWAPFILES no longer 2 ^ MAX_SWAPFILES_SHIFT. Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hugh@veritas.com> Acked-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com> Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hugh@veritas.com> Signed-off-by: Christoph Lameter <clameter@engr.sgi.com> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> From: Hugh Dickins <hugh@veritas.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
2006-06-23 09:03:35 +00:00
p = swap_info_get(entry);
if (p) {
if (swap_entry_free(p, entry, 1) == SWAP_HAS_CACHE) {
page = find_get_page(&swapper_space, entry.val);
if (page && !trylock_page(page)) {
page_cache_release(page);
page = NULL;
}
}
spin_unlock(&swap_lock);
}
if (page) {
mm: try_to_free_swap replaces remove_exclusive_swap_page remove_exclusive_swap_page(): its problem is in living up to its name. It doesn't matter if someone else has a reference to the page (raised page_count); it doesn't matter if the page is mapped into userspace (raised page_mapcount - though that hints it may be worth keeping the swap): all that matters is that there be no more references to the swap (and no writeback in progress). swapoff (try_to_unuse) has been removing pages from swapcache for years, with no concern for page count or page mapcount, and we used to have a comment in lookup_swap_cache() recognizing that: if you go for a page of swapcache, you'll get the right page, but it could have been removed from swapcache by the time you get page lock. So, give up asking for exclusivity: get rid of remove_exclusive_swap_page(), and remove_exclusive_swap_page_ref() and remove_exclusive_swap_page_count() which were spawned for the recent LRU work: replace them by the simpler try_to_free_swap() which just checks page_swapcount(). Similarly, remove the page_count limitation from free_swap_and_count(), but assume that it's worth holding on to the swap if page is mapped and swap nowhere near full. Add a vm_swap_full() test in free_swap_cache()? It would be consistent, but I think we probably have enough for now. Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hugh@veritas.com> Cc: Lee Schermerhorn <lee.schermerhorn@hp.com> Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Cc: Nick Piggin <nickpiggin@yahoo.com.au> Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com> Cc: Robin Holt <holt@sgi.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2009-01-06 22:39:36 +00:00
/*
* Not mapped elsewhere, or swap space full? Free it!
* Also recheck PageSwapCache now page is locked (above).
*/
if (PageSwapCache(page) && !PageWriteback(page) &&
mm: try_to_free_swap replaces remove_exclusive_swap_page remove_exclusive_swap_page(): its problem is in living up to its name. It doesn't matter if someone else has a reference to the page (raised page_count); it doesn't matter if the page is mapped into userspace (raised page_mapcount - though that hints it may be worth keeping the swap): all that matters is that there be no more references to the swap (and no writeback in progress). swapoff (try_to_unuse) has been removing pages from swapcache for years, with no concern for page count or page mapcount, and we used to have a comment in lookup_swap_cache() recognizing that: if you go for a page of swapcache, you'll get the right page, but it could have been removed from swapcache by the time you get page lock. So, give up asking for exclusivity: get rid of remove_exclusive_swap_page(), and remove_exclusive_swap_page_ref() and remove_exclusive_swap_page_count() which were spawned for the recent LRU work: replace them by the simpler try_to_free_swap() which just checks page_swapcount(). Similarly, remove the page_count limitation from free_swap_and_count(), but assume that it's worth holding on to the swap if page is mapped and swap nowhere near full. Add a vm_swap_full() test in free_swap_cache()? It would be consistent, but I think we probably have enough for now. Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hugh@veritas.com> Cc: Lee Schermerhorn <lee.schermerhorn@hp.com> Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Cc: Nick Piggin <nickpiggin@yahoo.com.au> Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com> Cc: Robin Holt <holt@sgi.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2009-01-06 22:39:36 +00:00
(!page_mapped(page) || vm_swap_full())) {
delete_from_swap_cache(page);
SetPageDirty(page);
}
unlock_page(page);
page_cache_release(page);
}
return p != NULL;
}
#ifdef CONFIG_CGROUP_MEM_RES_CTLR
/**
* mem_cgroup_count_swap_user - count the user of a swap entry
* @ent: the swap entry to be checked
* @pagep: the pointer for the swap cache page of the entry to be stored
*
* Returns the number of the user of the swap entry. The number is valid only
* for swaps of anonymous pages.
* If the entry is found on swap cache, the page is stored to pagep with
* refcount of it being incremented.
*/
int mem_cgroup_count_swap_user(swp_entry_t ent, struct page **pagep)
{
struct page *page;
struct swap_info_struct *p;
int count = 0;
page = find_get_page(&swapper_space, ent.val);
if (page)
count += page_mapcount(page);
p = swap_info_get(ent);
if (p) {
count += swap_count(p->swap_map[swp_offset(ent)]);
spin_unlock(&swap_lock);
}
*pagep = page;
return count;
}
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_HIBERNATION
/*
2006-12-07 04:34:07 +00:00
* Find the swap type that corresponds to given device (if any).
*
2006-12-07 04:34:07 +00:00
* @offset - number of the PAGE_SIZE-sized block of the device, starting
* from 0, in which the swap header is expected to be located.
*
* This is needed for the suspend to disk (aka swsusp).
*/
int swap_type_of(dev_t device, sector_t offset, struct block_device **bdev_p)
{
2006-12-07 04:34:07 +00:00
struct block_device *bdev = NULL;
int type;
2006-12-07 04:34:07 +00:00
if (device)
bdev = bdget(device);
spin_lock(&swap_lock);
for (type = 0; type < nr_swapfiles; type++) {
struct swap_info_struct *sis = swap_info[type];
2006-12-07 04:34:07 +00:00
if (!(sis->flags & SWP_WRITEOK))
continue;
2006-12-07 04:34:07 +00:00
if (!bdev) {
if (bdev_p)
*bdev_p = bdgrab(sis->bdev);
spin_unlock(&swap_lock);
return type;
}
2006-12-07 04:34:07 +00:00
if (bdev == sis->bdev) {
struct swap_extent *se = &sis->first_swap_extent;
2006-12-07 04:34:07 +00:00
if (se->start_block == offset) {
if (bdev_p)
*bdev_p = bdgrab(sis->bdev);
2006-12-07 04:34:07 +00:00
spin_unlock(&swap_lock);
bdput(bdev);
return type;
2006-12-07 04:34:07 +00:00
}
}
}
spin_unlock(&swap_lock);
2006-12-07 04:34:07 +00:00
if (bdev)
bdput(bdev);
return -ENODEV;
}
/*
* Get the (PAGE_SIZE) block corresponding to given offset on the swapdev
* corresponding to given index in swap_info (swap type).
*/
sector_t swapdev_block(int type, pgoff_t offset)
{
struct block_device *bdev;
if ((unsigned int)type >= nr_swapfiles)
return 0;
if (!(swap_info[type]->flags & SWP_WRITEOK))
return 0;
return map_swap_entry(swp_entry(type, offset), &bdev);
}
/*
* Return either the total number of swap pages of given type, or the number
* of free pages of that type (depending on @free)
*
* This is needed for software suspend
*/
unsigned int count_swap_pages(int type, int free)
{
unsigned int n = 0;
spin_lock(&swap_lock);
if ((unsigned int)type < nr_swapfiles) {
struct swap_info_struct *sis = swap_info[type];
if (sis->flags & SWP_WRITEOK) {
n = sis->pages;
if (free)
n -= sis->inuse_pages;
}
}
spin_unlock(&swap_lock);
return n;
}
#endif /* CONFIG_HIBERNATION */
/*
* No need to decide whether this PTE shares the swap entry with others,
* just let do_wp_page work it out if a write is requested later - to
* force COW, vm_page_prot omits write permission from any private vma.
*/
static int unuse_pte(struct vm_area_struct *vma, pmd_t *pmd,
unsigned long addr, swp_entry_t entry, struct page *page)
{
struct mem_cgroup *memcg;
spinlock_t *ptl;
pte_t *pte;
int ret = 1;
if (mem_cgroup_try_charge_swapin(vma->vm_mm, page,
GFP_KERNEL, &memcg)) {
ret = -ENOMEM;
goto out_nolock;
}
pte = pte_offset_map_lock(vma->vm_mm, pmd, addr, &ptl);
if (unlikely(!pte_same(*pte, swp_entry_to_pte(entry)))) {
if (ret > 0)
mem_cgroup_cancel_charge_swapin(memcg);
ret = 0;
goto out;
}
Memory controller: memory accounting Add the accounting hooks. The accounting is carried out for RSS and Page Cache (unmapped) pages. There is now a common limit and accounting for both. The RSS accounting is accounted at page_add_*_rmap() and page_remove_rmap() time. Page cache is accounted at add_to_page_cache(), __delete_from_page_cache(). Swap cache is also accounted for. Each page's page_cgroup is protected with the last bit of the page_cgroup pointer, this makes handling of race conditions involving simultaneous mappings of a page easier. A reference count is kept in the page_cgroup to deal with cases where a page might be unmapped from the RSS of all tasks, but still lives in the page cache. Credits go to Vaidyanathan Srinivasan for helping with reference counting work of the page cgroup. Almost all of the page cache accounting code has help from Vaidyanathan Srinivasan. [hugh@veritas.com: fix swapoff breakage] [akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix locking] Signed-off-by: Vaidyanathan Srinivasan <svaidy@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Signed-off-by: Balbir Singh <balbir@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Cc: Pavel Emelianov <xemul@openvz.org> Cc: Paul Menage <menage@google.com> Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl> Cc: "Eric W. Biederman" <ebiederm@xmission.com> Cc: Nick Piggin <nickpiggin@yahoo.com.au> Cc: Kirill Korotaev <dev@sw.ru> Cc: Herbert Poetzl <herbert@13thfloor.at> Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Cc: <Valdis.Kletnieks@vt.edu> Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hugh@veritas.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2008-02-07 08:13:53 +00:00
dec_mm_counter(vma->vm_mm, MM_SWAPENTS);
inc_mm_counter(vma->vm_mm, MM_ANONPAGES);
get_page(page);
set_pte_at(vma->vm_mm, addr, pte,
pte_mkold(mk_pte(page, vma->vm_page_prot)));
page_add_anon_rmap(page, vma, addr);
mem_cgroup_commit_charge_swapin(page, memcg);
swap_free(entry);
/*
* Move the page to the active list so it is not
* immediately swapped out again after swapon.
*/
activate_page(page);
out:
pte_unmap_unlock(pte, ptl);
out_nolock:
return ret;
}
static int unuse_pte_range(struct vm_area_struct *vma, pmd_t *pmd,
unsigned long addr, unsigned long end,
swp_entry_t entry, struct page *page)
{
pte_t swp_pte = swp_entry_to_pte(entry);
pte_t *pte;
Memory controller: memory accounting Add the accounting hooks. The accounting is carried out for RSS and Page Cache (unmapped) pages. There is now a common limit and accounting for both. The RSS accounting is accounted at page_add_*_rmap() and page_remove_rmap() time. Page cache is accounted at add_to_page_cache(), __delete_from_page_cache(). Swap cache is also accounted for. Each page's page_cgroup is protected with the last bit of the page_cgroup pointer, this makes handling of race conditions involving simultaneous mappings of a page easier. A reference count is kept in the page_cgroup to deal with cases where a page might be unmapped from the RSS of all tasks, but still lives in the page cache. Credits go to Vaidyanathan Srinivasan for helping with reference counting work of the page cgroup. Almost all of the page cache accounting code has help from Vaidyanathan Srinivasan. [hugh@veritas.com: fix swapoff breakage] [akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix locking] Signed-off-by: Vaidyanathan Srinivasan <svaidy@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Signed-off-by: Balbir Singh <balbir@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Cc: Pavel Emelianov <xemul@openvz.org> Cc: Paul Menage <menage@google.com> Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl> Cc: "Eric W. Biederman" <ebiederm@xmission.com> Cc: Nick Piggin <nickpiggin@yahoo.com.au> Cc: Kirill Korotaev <dev@sw.ru> Cc: Herbert Poetzl <herbert@13thfloor.at> Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Cc: <Valdis.Kletnieks@vt.edu> Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hugh@veritas.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2008-02-07 08:13:53 +00:00
int ret = 0;
/*
* We don't actually need pte lock while scanning for swp_pte: since
* we hold page lock and mmap_sem, swp_pte cannot be inserted into the
* page table while we're scanning; though it could get zapped, and on
* some architectures (e.g. x86_32 with PAE) we might catch a glimpse
* of unmatched parts which look like swp_pte, so unuse_pte must
* recheck under pte lock. Scanning without pte lock lets it be
* preemptible whenever CONFIG_PREEMPT but not CONFIG_HIGHPTE.
*/
pte = pte_offset_map(pmd, addr);
do {
/*
* swapoff spends a _lot_ of time in this loop!
* Test inline before going to call unuse_pte.
*/
if (unlikely(pte_same(*pte, swp_pte))) {
pte_unmap(pte);
ret = unuse_pte(vma, pmd, addr, entry, page);
if (ret)
goto out;
pte = pte_offset_map(pmd, addr);
}
} while (pte++, addr += PAGE_SIZE, addr != end);
pte_unmap(pte - 1);
out:
Memory controller: memory accounting Add the accounting hooks. The accounting is carried out for RSS and Page Cache (unmapped) pages. There is now a common limit and accounting for both. The RSS accounting is accounted at page_add_*_rmap() and page_remove_rmap() time. Page cache is accounted at add_to_page_cache(), __delete_from_page_cache(). Swap cache is also accounted for. Each page's page_cgroup is protected with the last bit of the page_cgroup pointer, this makes handling of race conditions involving simultaneous mappings of a page easier. A reference count is kept in the page_cgroup to deal with cases where a page might be unmapped from the RSS of all tasks, but still lives in the page cache. Credits go to Vaidyanathan Srinivasan for helping with reference counting work of the page cgroup. Almost all of the page cache accounting code has help from Vaidyanathan Srinivasan. [hugh@veritas.com: fix swapoff breakage] [akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix locking] Signed-off-by: Vaidyanathan Srinivasan <svaidy@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Signed-off-by: Balbir Singh <balbir@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Cc: Pavel Emelianov <xemul@openvz.org> Cc: Paul Menage <menage@google.com> Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl> Cc: "Eric W. Biederman" <ebiederm@xmission.com> Cc: Nick Piggin <nickpiggin@yahoo.com.au> Cc: Kirill Korotaev <dev@sw.ru> Cc: Herbert Poetzl <herbert@13thfloor.at> Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Cc: <Valdis.Kletnieks@vt.edu> Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hugh@veritas.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2008-02-07 08:13:53 +00:00
return ret;
}
static inline int unuse_pmd_range(struct vm_area_struct *vma, pud_t *pud,
unsigned long addr, unsigned long end,
swp_entry_t entry, struct page *page)
{
pmd_t *pmd;
unsigned long next;
Memory controller: memory accounting Add the accounting hooks. The accounting is carried out for RSS and Page Cache (unmapped) pages. There is now a common limit and accounting for both. The RSS accounting is accounted at page_add_*_rmap() and page_remove_rmap() time. Page cache is accounted at add_to_page_cache(), __delete_from_page_cache(). Swap cache is also accounted for. Each page's page_cgroup is protected with the last bit of the page_cgroup pointer, this makes handling of race conditions involving simultaneous mappings of a page easier. A reference count is kept in the page_cgroup to deal with cases where a page might be unmapped from the RSS of all tasks, but still lives in the page cache. Credits go to Vaidyanathan Srinivasan for helping with reference counting work of the page cgroup. Almost all of the page cache accounting code has help from Vaidyanathan Srinivasan. [hugh@veritas.com: fix swapoff breakage] [akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix locking] Signed-off-by: Vaidyanathan Srinivasan <svaidy@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Signed-off-by: Balbir Singh <balbir@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Cc: Pavel Emelianov <xemul@openvz.org> Cc: Paul Menage <menage@google.com> Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl> Cc: "Eric W. Biederman" <ebiederm@xmission.com> Cc: Nick Piggin <nickpiggin@yahoo.com.au> Cc: Kirill Korotaev <dev@sw.ru> Cc: Herbert Poetzl <herbert@13thfloor.at> Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Cc: <Valdis.Kletnieks@vt.edu> Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hugh@veritas.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2008-02-07 08:13:53 +00:00
int ret;
pmd = pmd_offset(pud, addr);
do {
next = pmd_addr_end(addr, end);
if (unlikely(pmd_trans_huge(*pmd)))
continue;
if (pmd_none_or_clear_bad(pmd))
continue;
Memory controller: memory accounting Add the accounting hooks. The accounting is carried out for RSS and Page Cache (unmapped) pages. There is now a common limit and accounting for both. The RSS accounting is accounted at page_add_*_rmap() and page_remove_rmap() time. Page cache is accounted at add_to_page_cache(), __delete_from_page_cache(). Swap cache is also accounted for. Each page's page_cgroup is protected with the last bit of the page_cgroup pointer, this makes handling of race conditions involving simultaneous mappings of a page easier. A reference count is kept in the page_cgroup to deal with cases where a page might be unmapped from the RSS of all tasks, but still lives in the page cache. Credits go to Vaidyanathan Srinivasan for helping with reference counting work of the page cgroup. Almost all of the page cache accounting code has help from Vaidyanathan Srinivasan. [hugh@veritas.com: fix swapoff breakage] [akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix locking] Signed-off-by: Vaidyanathan Srinivasan <svaidy@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Signed-off-by: Balbir Singh <balbir@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Cc: Pavel Emelianov <xemul@openvz.org> Cc: Paul Menage <menage@google.com> Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl> Cc: "Eric W. Biederman" <ebiederm@xmission.com> Cc: Nick Piggin <nickpiggin@yahoo.com.au> Cc: Kirill Korotaev <dev@sw.ru> Cc: Herbert Poetzl <herbert@13thfloor.at> Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Cc: <Valdis.Kletnieks@vt.edu> Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hugh@veritas.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2008-02-07 08:13:53 +00:00
ret = unuse_pte_range(vma, pmd, addr, next, entry, page);
if (ret)
return ret;
} while (pmd++, addr = next, addr != end);
return 0;
}
static inline int unuse_pud_range(struct vm_area_struct *vma, pgd_t *pgd,
unsigned long addr, unsigned long end,
swp_entry_t entry, struct page *page)
{
pud_t *pud;
unsigned long next;
Memory controller: memory accounting Add the accounting hooks. The accounting is carried out for RSS and Page Cache (unmapped) pages. There is now a common limit and accounting for both. The RSS accounting is accounted at page_add_*_rmap() and page_remove_rmap() time. Page cache is accounted at add_to_page_cache(), __delete_from_page_cache(). Swap cache is also accounted for. Each page's page_cgroup is protected with the last bit of the page_cgroup pointer, this makes handling of race conditions involving simultaneous mappings of a page easier. A reference count is kept in the page_cgroup to deal with cases where a page might be unmapped from the RSS of all tasks, but still lives in the page cache. Credits go to Vaidyanathan Srinivasan for helping with reference counting work of the page cgroup. Almost all of the page cache accounting code has help from Vaidyanathan Srinivasan. [hugh@veritas.com: fix swapoff breakage] [akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix locking] Signed-off-by: Vaidyanathan Srinivasan <svaidy@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Signed-off-by: Balbir Singh <balbir@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Cc: Pavel Emelianov <xemul@openvz.org> Cc: Paul Menage <menage@google.com> Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl> Cc: "Eric W. Biederman" <ebiederm@xmission.com> Cc: Nick Piggin <nickpiggin@yahoo.com.au> Cc: Kirill Korotaev <dev@sw.ru> Cc: Herbert Poetzl <herbert@13thfloor.at> Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Cc: <Valdis.Kletnieks@vt.edu> Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hugh@veritas.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2008-02-07 08:13:53 +00:00
int ret;
pud = pud_offset(pgd, addr);
do {
next = pud_addr_end(addr, end);
if (pud_none_or_clear_bad(pud))
continue;
Memory controller: memory accounting Add the accounting hooks. The accounting is carried out for RSS and Page Cache (unmapped) pages. There is now a common limit and accounting for both. The RSS accounting is accounted at page_add_*_rmap() and page_remove_rmap() time. Page cache is accounted at add_to_page_cache(), __delete_from_page_cache(). Swap cache is also accounted for. Each page's page_cgroup is protected with the last bit of the page_cgroup pointer, this makes handling of race conditions involving simultaneous mappings of a page easier. A reference count is kept in the page_cgroup to deal with cases where a page might be unmapped from the RSS of all tasks, but still lives in the page cache. Credits go to Vaidyanathan Srinivasan for helping with reference counting work of the page cgroup. Almost all of the page cache accounting code has help from Vaidyanathan Srinivasan. [hugh@veritas.com: fix swapoff breakage] [akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix locking] Signed-off-by: Vaidyanathan Srinivasan <svaidy@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Signed-off-by: Balbir Singh <balbir@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Cc: Pavel Emelianov <xemul@openvz.org> Cc: Paul Menage <menage@google.com> Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl> Cc: "Eric W. Biederman" <ebiederm@xmission.com> Cc: Nick Piggin <nickpiggin@yahoo.com.au> Cc: Kirill Korotaev <dev@sw.ru> Cc: Herbert Poetzl <herbert@13thfloor.at> Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Cc: <Valdis.Kletnieks@vt.edu> Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hugh@veritas.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2008-02-07 08:13:53 +00:00
ret = unuse_pmd_range(vma, pud, addr, next, entry, page);
if (ret)
return ret;
} while (pud++, addr = next, addr != end);
return 0;
}
static int unuse_vma(struct vm_area_struct *vma,
swp_entry_t entry, struct page *page)
{
pgd_t *pgd;
unsigned long addr, end, next;
Memory controller: memory accounting Add the accounting hooks. The accounting is carried out for RSS and Page Cache (unmapped) pages. There is now a common limit and accounting for both. The RSS accounting is accounted at page_add_*_rmap() and page_remove_rmap() time. Page cache is accounted at add_to_page_cache(), __delete_from_page_cache(). Swap cache is also accounted for. Each page's page_cgroup is protected with the last bit of the page_cgroup pointer, this makes handling of race conditions involving simultaneous mappings of a page easier. A reference count is kept in the page_cgroup to deal with cases where a page might be unmapped from the RSS of all tasks, but still lives in the page cache. Credits go to Vaidyanathan Srinivasan for helping with reference counting work of the page cgroup. Almost all of the page cache accounting code has help from Vaidyanathan Srinivasan. [hugh@veritas.com: fix swapoff breakage] [akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix locking] Signed-off-by: Vaidyanathan Srinivasan <svaidy@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Signed-off-by: Balbir Singh <balbir@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Cc: Pavel Emelianov <xemul@openvz.org> Cc: Paul Menage <menage@google.com> Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl> Cc: "Eric W. Biederman" <ebiederm@xmission.com> Cc: Nick Piggin <nickpiggin@yahoo.com.au> Cc: Kirill Korotaev <dev@sw.ru> Cc: Herbert Poetzl <herbert@13thfloor.at> Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Cc: <Valdis.Kletnieks@vt.edu> Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hugh@veritas.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2008-02-07 08:13:53 +00:00
int ret;
if (page_anon_vma(page)) {
addr = page_address_in_vma(page, vma);
if (addr == -EFAULT)
return 0;
else
end = addr + PAGE_SIZE;
} else {
addr = vma->vm_start;
end = vma->vm_end;
}
pgd = pgd_offset(vma->vm_mm, addr);
do {
next = pgd_addr_end(addr, end);
if (pgd_none_or_clear_bad(pgd))
continue;
Memory controller: memory accounting Add the accounting hooks. The accounting is carried out for RSS and Page Cache (unmapped) pages. There is now a common limit and accounting for both. The RSS accounting is accounted at page_add_*_rmap() and page_remove_rmap() time. Page cache is accounted at add_to_page_cache(), __delete_from_page_cache(). Swap cache is also accounted for. Each page's page_cgroup is protected with the last bit of the page_cgroup pointer, this makes handling of race conditions involving simultaneous mappings of a page easier. A reference count is kept in the page_cgroup to deal with cases where a page might be unmapped from the RSS of all tasks, but still lives in the page cache. Credits go to Vaidyanathan Srinivasan for helping with reference counting work of the page cgroup. Almost all of the page cache accounting code has help from Vaidyanathan Srinivasan. [hugh@veritas.com: fix swapoff breakage] [akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix locking] Signed-off-by: Vaidyanathan Srinivasan <svaidy@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Signed-off-by: Balbir Singh <balbir@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Cc: Pavel Emelianov <xemul@openvz.org> Cc: Paul Menage <menage@google.com> Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl> Cc: "Eric W. Biederman" <ebiederm@xmission.com> Cc: Nick Piggin <nickpiggin@yahoo.com.au> Cc: Kirill Korotaev <dev@sw.ru> Cc: Herbert Poetzl <herbert@13thfloor.at> Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Cc: <Valdis.Kletnieks@vt.edu> Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hugh@veritas.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2008-02-07 08:13:53 +00:00
ret = unuse_pud_range(vma, pgd, addr, next, entry, page);
if (ret)
return ret;
} while (pgd++, addr = next, addr != end);
return 0;
}
static int unuse_mm(struct mm_struct *mm,
swp_entry_t entry, struct page *page)
{
struct vm_area_struct *vma;
Memory controller: memory accounting Add the accounting hooks. The accounting is carried out for RSS and Page Cache (unmapped) pages. There is now a common limit and accounting for both. The RSS accounting is accounted at page_add_*_rmap() and page_remove_rmap() time. Page cache is accounted at add_to_page_cache(), __delete_from_page_cache(). Swap cache is also accounted for. Each page's page_cgroup is protected with the last bit of the page_cgroup pointer, this makes handling of race conditions involving simultaneous mappings of a page easier. A reference count is kept in the page_cgroup to deal with cases where a page might be unmapped from the RSS of all tasks, but still lives in the page cache. Credits go to Vaidyanathan Srinivasan for helping with reference counting work of the page cgroup. Almost all of the page cache accounting code has help from Vaidyanathan Srinivasan. [hugh@veritas.com: fix swapoff breakage] [akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix locking] Signed-off-by: Vaidyanathan Srinivasan <svaidy@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Signed-off-by: Balbir Singh <balbir@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Cc: Pavel Emelianov <xemul@openvz.org> Cc: Paul Menage <menage@google.com> Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl> Cc: "Eric W. Biederman" <ebiederm@xmission.com> Cc: Nick Piggin <nickpiggin@yahoo.com.au> Cc: Kirill Korotaev <dev@sw.ru> Cc: Herbert Poetzl <herbert@13thfloor.at> Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Cc: <Valdis.Kletnieks@vt.edu> Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hugh@veritas.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2008-02-07 08:13:53 +00:00
int ret = 0;
if (!down_read_trylock(&mm->mmap_sem)) {
/*
* Activate page so shrink_inactive_list is unlikely to unmap
* its ptes while lock is dropped, so swapoff can make progress.
*/
activate_page(page);
unlock_page(page);
down_read(&mm->mmap_sem);
lock_page(page);
}
for (vma = mm->mmap; vma; vma = vma->vm_next) {
Memory controller: memory accounting Add the accounting hooks. The accounting is carried out for RSS and Page Cache (unmapped) pages. There is now a common limit and accounting for both. The RSS accounting is accounted at page_add_*_rmap() and page_remove_rmap() time. Page cache is accounted at add_to_page_cache(), __delete_from_page_cache(). Swap cache is also accounted for. Each page's page_cgroup is protected with the last bit of the page_cgroup pointer, this makes handling of race conditions involving simultaneous mappings of a page easier. A reference count is kept in the page_cgroup to deal with cases where a page might be unmapped from the RSS of all tasks, but still lives in the page cache. Credits go to Vaidyanathan Srinivasan for helping with reference counting work of the page cgroup. Almost all of the page cache accounting code has help from Vaidyanathan Srinivasan. [hugh@veritas.com: fix swapoff breakage] [akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix locking] Signed-off-by: Vaidyanathan Srinivasan <svaidy@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Signed-off-by: Balbir Singh <balbir@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Cc: Pavel Emelianov <xemul@openvz.org> Cc: Paul Menage <menage@google.com> Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl> Cc: "Eric W. Biederman" <ebiederm@xmission.com> Cc: Nick Piggin <nickpiggin@yahoo.com.au> Cc: Kirill Korotaev <dev@sw.ru> Cc: Herbert Poetzl <herbert@13thfloor.at> Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Cc: <Valdis.Kletnieks@vt.edu> Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hugh@veritas.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2008-02-07 08:13:53 +00:00
if (vma->anon_vma && (ret = unuse_vma(vma, entry, page)))
break;
}
up_read(&mm->mmap_sem);
Memory controller: memory accounting Add the accounting hooks. The accounting is carried out for RSS and Page Cache (unmapped) pages. There is now a common limit and accounting for both. The RSS accounting is accounted at page_add_*_rmap() and page_remove_rmap() time. Page cache is accounted at add_to_page_cache(), __delete_from_page_cache(). Swap cache is also accounted for. Each page's page_cgroup is protected with the last bit of the page_cgroup pointer, this makes handling of race conditions involving simultaneous mappings of a page easier. A reference count is kept in the page_cgroup to deal with cases where a page might be unmapped from the RSS of all tasks, but still lives in the page cache. Credits go to Vaidyanathan Srinivasan for helping with reference counting work of the page cgroup. Almost all of the page cache accounting code has help from Vaidyanathan Srinivasan. [hugh@veritas.com: fix swapoff breakage] [akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix locking] Signed-off-by: Vaidyanathan Srinivasan <svaidy@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Signed-off-by: Balbir Singh <balbir@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Cc: Pavel Emelianov <xemul@openvz.org> Cc: Paul Menage <menage@google.com> Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl> Cc: "Eric W. Biederman" <ebiederm@xmission.com> Cc: Nick Piggin <nickpiggin@yahoo.com.au> Cc: Kirill Korotaev <dev@sw.ru> Cc: Herbert Poetzl <herbert@13thfloor.at> Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Cc: <Valdis.Kletnieks@vt.edu> Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hugh@veritas.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2008-02-07 08:13:53 +00:00
return (ret < 0)? ret: 0;
}
/*
* Scan swap_map from current position to next entry still in use.
* Recycle to start on reaching the end, returning 0 when empty.
*/
static unsigned int find_next_to_unuse(struct swap_info_struct *si,
unsigned int prev)
{
unsigned int max = si->max;
unsigned int i = prev;
unsigned char count;
/*
* No need for swap_lock here: we're just looking
* for whether an entry is in use, not modifying it; false
* hits are okay, and sys_swapoff() has already prevented new
* allocations from this area (while holding swap_lock).
*/
for (;;) {
if (++i >= max) {
if (!prev) {
i = 0;
break;
}
/*
* No entries in use at top of swap_map,
* loop back to start and recheck there.
*/
max = prev + 1;
prev = 0;
i = 1;
}
count = si->swap_map[i];
if (count && swap_count(count) != SWAP_MAP_BAD)
break;
}
return i;
}
/*
* We completely avoid races by reading each swap page in advance,
* and then search for the process using it. All the necessary
* page table adjustments can then be made atomically.
*/
static int try_to_unuse(unsigned int type)
{
struct swap_info_struct *si = swap_info[type];
struct mm_struct *start_mm;
unsigned char *swap_map;
unsigned char swcount;
struct page *page;
swp_entry_t entry;
unsigned int i = 0;
int retval = 0;
/*
* When searching mms for an entry, a good strategy is to
* start at the first mm we freed the previous entry from
* (though actually we don't notice whether we or coincidence
* freed the entry). Initialize this start_mm with a hold.
*
* A simpler strategy would be to start at the last mm we
* freed the previous entry from; but that would take less
* advantage of mmlist ordering, which clusters forked mms
* together, child after parent. If we race with dup_mmap(), we
* prefer to resolve parent before child, lest we miss entries
* duplicated after we scanned child: using last mm would invert
swap_info: swap count continuations Swap is duplicated (reference count incremented by one) whenever the same swap page is inserted into another mm (when forking finds a swap entry in place of a pte, or when reclaim unmaps a pte to insert the swap entry). swap_info_struct's vmalloc'ed swap_map is the array of these reference counts: but what happens when the unsigned short (or unsigned char since the preceding patch) is full? (and its high bit is kept for a cache flag) We then lose track of it, never freeing, leaving it in use until swapoff: at which point we _hope_ that a single pass will have found all instances, assume there are no more, and will lose user data if we're wrong. Swapping of KSM pages has not yet been enabled; but it is implemented, and makes it very easy for a user to overflow the maximum swap count: possible with ordinary process pages, but unlikely, even when pid_max has been raised from PID_MAX_DEFAULT. This patch implements swap count continuations: when the count overflows, a continuation page is allocated and linked to the original vmalloc'ed map page, and this used to hold the continuation counts for that entry and its neighbours. These continuation pages are seldom referenced: the common paths all work on the original swap_map, only referring to a continuation page when the low "digit" of a count is incremented or decremented through SWAP_MAP_MAX. Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hugh.dickins@tiscali.co.uk> Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com> Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2009-12-15 01:58:46 +00:00
* that.
*/
start_mm = &init_mm;
atomic_inc(&init_mm.mm_users);
/*
* Keep on scanning until all entries have gone. Usually,
* one pass through swap_map is enough, but not necessarily:
* there are races when an instance of an entry might be missed.
*/
while ((i = find_next_to_unuse(si, i)) != 0) {
if (signal_pending(current)) {
retval = -EINTR;
break;
}
/*
* Get a page for the entry, using the existing swap
* cache page if there is one. Otherwise, get a clean
* page and read the swap into it.
*/
swap_map = &si->swap_map[i];
entry = swp_entry(type, i);
page = read_swap_cache_async(entry,
GFP_HIGHUSER_MOVABLE, NULL, 0);
if (!page) {
/*
* Either swap_duplicate() failed because entry
* has been freed independently, and will not be
* reused since sys_swapoff() already disabled
* allocation from here, or alloc_page() failed.
*/
if (!*swap_map)
continue;
retval = -ENOMEM;
break;
}
/*
* Don't hold on to start_mm if it looks like exiting.
*/
if (atomic_read(&start_mm->mm_users) == 1) {
mmput(start_mm);
start_mm = &init_mm;
atomic_inc(&init_mm.mm_users);
}
/*
* Wait for and lock page. When do_swap_page races with
* try_to_unuse, do_swap_page can handle the fault much
* faster than try_to_unuse can locate the entry. This
* apparently redundant "wait_on_page_locked" lets try_to_unuse
* defer to do_swap_page in such a case - in some tests,
* do_swap_page and try_to_unuse repeatedly compete.
*/
wait_on_page_locked(page);
wait_on_page_writeback(page);
lock_page(page);
wait_on_page_writeback(page);
/*
* Remove all references to entry.
*/
swcount = *swap_map;
if (swap_count(swcount) == SWAP_MAP_SHMEM) {
retval = shmem_unuse(entry, page);
/* page has already been unlocked and released */
if (retval < 0)
break;
continue;
}
if (swap_count(swcount) && start_mm != &init_mm)
retval = unuse_mm(start_mm, entry, page);
if (swap_count(*swap_map)) {
int set_start_mm = (*swap_map >= swcount);
struct list_head *p = &start_mm->mmlist;
struct mm_struct *new_start_mm = start_mm;
struct mm_struct *prev_mm = start_mm;
struct mm_struct *mm;
atomic_inc(&new_start_mm->mm_users);
atomic_inc(&prev_mm->mm_users);
spin_lock(&mmlist_lock);
while (swap_count(*swap_map) && !retval &&
(p = p->next) != &start_mm->mmlist) {
mm = list_entry(p, struct mm_struct, mmlist);
if (!atomic_inc_not_zero(&mm->mm_users))
continue;
spin_unlock(&mmlist_lock);
mmput(prev_mm);
prev_mm = mm;
cond_resched();
swcount = *swap_map;
if (!swap_count(swcount)) /* any usage ? */
;
else if (mm == &init_mm)
set_start_mm = 1;
else
retval = unuse_mm(mm, entry, page);
if (set_start_mm && *swap_map < swcount) {
mmput(new_start_mm);
atomic_inc(&mm->mm_users);
new_start_mm = mm;
set_start_mm = 0;
}
spin_lock(&mmlist_lock);
}
spin_unlock(&mmlist_lock);
mmput(prev_mm);
mmput(start_mm);
start_mm = new_start_mm;
}
if (retval) {
unlock_page(page);
page_cache_release(page);
break;
}
/*
* If a reference remains (rare), we would like to leave
* the page in the swap cache; but try_to_unmap could
* then re-duplicate the entry once we drop page lock,
* so we might loop indefinitely; also, that page could
* not be swapped out to other storage meanwhile. So:
* delete from cache even if there's another reference,
* after ensuring that the data has been saved to disk -
* since if the reference remains (rarer), it will be
* read from disk into another page. Splitting into two
* pages would be incorrect if swap supported "shared
* private" pages, but they are handled by tmpfs files.
ksm: let shared pages be swappable Initial implementation for swapping out KSM's shared pages: add page_referenced_ksm() and try_to_unmap_ksm(), which rmap.c calls when faced with a PageKsm page. Most of what's needed can be got from the rmap_items listed from the stable_node of the ksm page, without discovering the actual vma: so in this patch just fake up a struct vma for page_referenced_one() or try_to_unmap_one(), then refine that in the next patch. Add VM_NONLINEAR to ksm_madvise()'s list of exclusions: it has always been implicit there (being only set with VM_SHARED, already excluded), but let's make it explicit, to help justify the lack of nonlinear unmap. Rely on the page lock to protect against concurrent modifications to that page's node of the stable tree. The awkward part is not swapout but swapin: do_swap_page() and page_add_anon_rmap() now have to allow for new possibilities - perhaps a ksm page still in swapcache, perhaps a swapcache page associated with one location in one anon_vma now needed for another location or anon_vma. (And the vma might even be no longer VM_MERGEABLE when that happens.) ksm_might_need_to_copy() checks for that case, and supplies a duplicate page when necessary, simply leaving it to a subsequent pass of ksmd to rediscover the identity and merge them back into one ksm page. Disappointingly primitive: but the alternative would have to accumulate unswappable info about the swapped out ksm pages, limiting swappability. Remove page_add_ksm_rmap(): page_add_anon_rmap() now has to allow for the particular case it was handling, so just use it instead. Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hugh.dickins@tiscali.co.uk> Cc: Izik Eidus <ieidus@redhat.com> Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com> Cc: Chris Wright <chrisw@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2009-12-15 01:59:24 +00:00
*
* Given how unuse_vma() targets one particular offset
* in an anon_vma, once the anon_vma has been determined,
* this splitting happens to be just what is needed to
* handle where KSM pages have been swapped out: re-reading
* is unnecessarily slow, but we can fix that later on.
*/
if (swap_count(*swap_map) &&
PageDirty(page) && PageSwapCache(page)) {
struct writeback_control wbc = {
.sync_mode = WB_SYNC_NONE,
};
swap_writepage(page, &wbc);
lock_page(page);
wait_on_page_writeback(page);
}
mm: try_to_unuse check removing right swap There's a possible race in try_to_unuse() which Nick Piggin led me to two years ago. Where it does lock_page() after read_swap_cache_async(), what if another task removed that page from swapcache just before we locked it? It would sail though the (*swap_map > 1) tests doing nothing (because it could not have been removed from swapcache before its swap references were gone), until it reaches the delete_from_swap_cache(page) near the bottom. Now imagine that this page has been allocated to swap on a different swap area while we dropped page lock (perhaps at the top, perhaps in unuse_mm): we could wrongly remove from swap cache before the page has been written to swap, so a subsequent do_swap_page() would read in stale data from swap. I think this case could not happen before: remove_exclusive_swap_page() refused while page count was raised. But now with reuse_swap_page() and try_to_free_swap() removing from swap cache without minding page count, I think it could happen - the previous patch argued that it was safe because try_to_unuse() already ignored page count, but overlooked that it might be breaking the assumptions in try_to_unuse() itself. Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hugh@veritas.com> Cc: Lee Schermerhorn <lee.schermerhorn@hp.com> Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Cc: Nick Piggin <nickpiggin@yahoo.com.au> Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com> Cc: Robin Holt <holt@sgi.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2009-01-06 22:39:37 +00:00
/*
* It is conceivable that a racing task removed this page from
* swap cache just before we acquired the page lock at the top,
* or while we dropped it in unuse_mm(). The page might even
* be back in swap cache on another swap area: that we must not
* delete, since it may not have been written out to swap yet.
*/
if (PageSwapCache(page) &&
likely(page_private(page) == entry.val))
delete_from_swap_cache(page);
/*
* So we could skip searching mms once swap count went
* to 1, we did not mark any present ptes as dirty: must
* mark page dirty so shrink_page_list will preserve it.
*/
SetPageDirty(page);
unlock_page(page);
page_cache_release(page);
/*
* Make sure that we aren't completely killing
* interactive performance.
*/
cond_resched();
}
mmput(start_mm);
return retval;
}
/*
* After a successful try_to_unuse, if no swap is now in use, we know
* we can empty the mmlist. swap_lock must be held on entry and exit.
* Note that mmlist_lock nests inside swap_lock, and an mm must be
* added to the mmlist just after page_duplicate - before would be racy.
*/
static void drain_mmlist(void)
{
struct list_head *p, *next;
unsigned int type;
for (type = 0; type < nr_swapfiles; type++)
if (swap_info[type]->inuse_pages)
return;
spin_lock(&mmlist_lock);
list_for_each_safe(p, next, &init_mm.mmlist)
list_del_init(p);
spin_unlock(&mmlist_lock);
}
/*
* Use this swapdev's extent info to locate the (PAGE_SIZE) block which
* corresponds to page offset for the specified swap entry.
* Note that the type of this function is sector_t, but it returns page offset
* into the bdev, not sector offset.
*/
static sector_t map_swap_entry(swp_entry_t entry, struct block_device **bdev)
{
struct swap_info_struct *sis;
struct swap_extent *start_se;
struct swap_extent *se;
pgoff_t offset;
sis = swap_info[swp_type(entry)];
*bdev = sis->bdev;
offset = swp_offset(entry);
start_se = sis->curr_swap_extent;
se = start_se;
for ( ; ; ) {
struct list_head *lh;
if (se->start_page <= offset &&
offset < (se->start_page + se->nr_pages)) {
return se->start_block + (offset - se->start_page);
}
lh = se->list.next;
se = list_entry(lh, struct swap_extent, list);
sis->curr_swap_extent = se;
BUG_ON(se == start_se); /* It *must* be present */
}
}
/*
* Returns the page offset into bdev for the specified page's swap entry.
*/
sector_t map_swap_page(struct page *page, struct block_device **bdev)
{
swp_entry_t entry;
entry.val = page_private(page);
return map_swap_entry(entry, bdev);
}
/*
* Free all of a swapdev's extent information
*/
static void destroy_swap_extents(struct swap_info_struct *sis)
{
while (!list_empty(&sis->first_swap_extent.list)) {
struct swap_extent *se;
se = list_entry(sis->first_swap_extent.list.next,
struct swap_extent, list);
list_del(&se->list);
kfree(se);
}
}
/*
* Add a block range (and the corresponding page range) into this swapdev's
* extent list. The extent list is kept sorted in page order.
*
* This function rather assumes that it is called in ascending page order.
*/
static int
add_swap_extent(struct swap_info_struct *sis, unsigned long start_page,
unsigned long nr_pages, sector_t start_block)
{
struct swap_extent *se;
struct swap_extent *new_se;
struct list_head *lh;
if (start_page == 0) {
se = &sis->first_swap_extent;
sis->curr_swap_extent = se;
se->start_page = 0;
se->nr_pages = nr_pages;
se->start_block = start_block;
return 1;
} else {
lh = sis->first_swap_extent.list.prev; /* Highest extent */
se = list_entry(lh, struct swap_extent, list);
BUG_ON(se->start_page + se->nr_pages != start_page);
if (se->start_block + se->nr_pages == start_block) {
/* Merge it */
se->nr_pages += nr_pages;
return 0;
}
}
/*
* No merge. Insert a new extent, preserving ordering.
*/
new_se = kmalloc(sizeof(*se), GFP_KERNEL);
if (new_se == NULL)
return -ENOMEM;
new_se->start_page = start_page;
new_se->nr_pages = nr_pages;
new_se->start_block = start_block;
list_add_tail(&new_se->list, &sis->first_swap_extent.list);
return 1;
}
/*
* A `swap extent' is a simple thing which maps a contiguous range of pages
* onto a contiguous range of disk blocks. An ordered list of swap extents
* is built at swapon time and is then used at swap_writepage/swap_readpage
* time for locating where on disk a page belongs.
*
* If the swapfile is an S_ISBLK block device, a single extent is installed.
* This is done so that the main operating code can treat S_ISBLK and S_ISREG
* swap files identically.
*
* Whether the swapdev is an S_ISREG file or an S_ISBLK blockdev, the swap
* extent list operates in PAGE_SIZE disk blocks. Both S_ISREG and S_ISBLK
* swapfiles are handled *identically* after swapon time.
*
* For S_ISREG swapfiles, setup_swap_extents() will walk all the file's blocks
* and will parse them into an ordered extent list, in PAGE_SIZE chunks. If
* some stray blocks are found which do not fall within the PAGE_SIZE alignment
* requirements, they are simply tossed out - we will never use those blocks
* for swapping.
*
* For S_ISREG swapfiles we set S_SWAPFILE across the life of the swapon. This
* prevents root from shooting her foot off by ftruncating an in-use swapfile,
* which will scribble on the fs.
*
* The amount of disk space which a single swap extent represents varies.
* Typically it is in the 1-4 megabyte range. So we can have hundreds of
* extents in the list. To avoid much list walking, we cache the previous
* search location in `curr_swap_extent', and start new searches from there.
* This is extremely effective. The average number of iterations in
* map_swap_page() has been measured at about 0.3 per page. - akpm.
*/
static int setup_swap_extents(struct swap_info_struct *sis, sector_t *span)
{
struct inode *inode;
unsigned blocks_per_page;
unsigned long page_no;
unsigned blkbits;
sector_t probe_block;
sector_t last_block;
sector_t lowest_block = -1;
sector_t highest_block = 0;
int nr_extents = 0;
int ret;
inode = sis->swap_file->f_mapping->host;
if (S_ISBLK(inode->i_mode)) {
ret = add_swap_extent(sis, 0, sis->max, 0);
*span = sis->pages;
goto out;
}
blkbits = inode->i_blkbits;
blocks_per_page = PAGE_SIZE >> blkbits;
/*
* Map all the blocks into the extent list. This code doesn't try
* to be very smart.
*/
probe_block = 0;
page_no = 0;
last_block = i_size_read(inode) >> blkbits;
while ((probe_block + blocks_per_page) <= last_block &&
page_no < sis->max) {
unsigned block_in_page;
sector_t first_block;
first_block = bmap(inode, probe_block);
if (first_block == 0)
goto bad_bmap;
/*
* It must be PAGE_SIZE aligned on-disk
*/
if (first_block & (blocks_per_page - 1)) {
probe_block++;
goto reprobe;
}
for (block_in_page = 1; block_in_page < blocks_per_page;
block_in_page++) {
sector_t block;
block = bmap(inode, probe_block + block_in_page);
if (block == 0)
goto bad_bmap;
if (block != first_block + block_in_page) {
/* Discontiguity */
probe_block++;
goto reprobe;
}
}
first_block >>= (PAGE_SHIFT - blkbits);
if (page_no) { /* exclude the header page */
if (first_block < lowest_block)
lowest_block = first_block;
if (first_block > highest_block)
highest_block = first_block;
}
/*
* We found a PAGE_SIZE-length, PAGE_SIZE-aligned run of blocks
*/
ret = add_swap_extent(sis, page_no, 1, first_block);
if (ret < 0)
goto out;
nr_extents += ret;
page_no++;
probe_block += blocks_per_page;
reprobe:
continue;
}
ret = nr_extents;
*span = 1 + highest_block - lowest_block;
if (page_no == 0)
page_no = 1; /* force Empty message */
sis->max = page_no;
sis->pages = page_no - 1;
sis->highest_bit = page_no - 1;
out:
return ret;
bad_bmap:
printk(KERN_ERR "swapon: swapfile has holes\n");
ret = -EINVAL;
goto out;
}
static void enable_swap_info(struct swap_info_struct *p, int prio,
unsigned char *swap_map)
{
int i, prev;
spin_lock(&swap_lock);
if (prio >= 0)
p->prio = prio;
else
p->prio = --least_priority;
p->swap_map = swap_map;
p->flags |= SWP_WRITEOK;
nr_swap_pages += p->pages;
total_swap_pages += p->pages;
/* insert swap space into swap_list: */
prev = -1;
for (i = swap_list.head; i >= 0; i = swap_info[i]->next) {
if (p->prio >= swap_info[i]->prio)
break;
prev = i;
}
p->next = i;
if (prev < 0)
swap_list.head = swap_list.next = p->type;
else
swap_info[prev]->next = p->type;
spin_unlock(&swap_lock);
}
SYSCALL_DEFINE1(swapoff, const char __user *, specialfile)
{
struct swap_info_struct *p = NULL;
unsigned char *swap_map;
struct file *swap_file, *victim;
struct address_space *mapping;
struct inode *inode;
char *pathname;
int oom_score_adj;
int i, type, prev;
int err;
if (!capable(CAP_SYS_ADMIN))
return -EPERM;
pathname = getname(specialfile);
err = PTR_ERR(pathname);
if (IS_ERR(pathname))
goto out;
victim = filp_open(pathname, O_RDWR|O_LARGEFILE, 0);
putname(pathname);
err = PTR_ERR(victim);
if (IS_ERR(victim))
goto out;
mapping = victim->f_mapping;
prev = -1;
spin_lock(&swap_lock);
for (type = swap_list.head; type >= 0; type = swap_info[type]->next) {
p = swap_info[type];
if (p->flags & SWP_WRITEOK) {
if (p->swap_file->f_mapping == mapping)
break;
}
prev = type;
}
if (type < 0) {
err = -EINVAL;
spin_unlock(&swap_lock);
goto out_dput;
}
if (!security_vm_enough_memory(p->pages))
vm_unacct_memory(p->pages);
else {
err = -ENOMEM;
spin_unlock(&swap_lock);
goto out_dput;
}
if (prev < 0)
swap_list.head = p->next;
else
swap_info[prev]->next = p->next;
if (type == swap_list.next) {
/* just pick something that's safe... */
swap_list.next = swap_list.head;
}
if (p->prio < 0) {
for (i = p->next; i >= 0; i = swap_info[i]->next)
swap_info[i]->prio = p->prio--;
least_priority++;
}
nr_swap_pages -= p->pages;
total_swap_pages -= p->pages;
p->flags &= ~SWP_WRITEOK;
spin_unlock(&swap_lock);
oom_score_adj = test_set_oom_score_adj(OOM_SCORE_ADJ_MAX);
err = try_to_unuse(type);
compare_swap_oom_score_adj(OOM_SCORE_ADJ_MAX, oom_score_adj);
if (err) {
/*
* reading p->prio and p->swap_map outside the lock is
* safe here because only sys_swapon and sys_swapoff
* change them, and there can be no other sys_swapon or
* sys_swapoff for this swap_info_struct at this point.
*/
/* re-insert swap space back into swap_list */
enable_swap_info(p, p->prio, p->swap_map);
goto out_dput;
}
destroy_swap_extents(p);
swap_info: swap count continuations Swap is duplicated (reference count incremented by one) whenever the same swap page is inserted into another mm (when forking finds a swap entry in place of a pte, or when reclaim unmaps a pte to insert the swap entry). swap_info_struct's vmalloc'ed swap_map is the array of these reference counts: but what happens when the unsigned short (or unsigned char since the preceding patch) is full? (and its high bit is kept for a cache flag) We then lose track of it, never freeing, leaving it in use until swapoff: at which point we _hope_ that a single pass will have found all instances, assume there are no more, and will lose user data if we're wrong. Swapping of KSM pages has not yet been enabled; but it is implemented, and makes it very easy for a user to overflow the maximum swap count: possible with ordinary process pages, but unlikely, even when pid_max has been raised from PID_MAX_DEFAULT. This patch implements swap count continuations: when the count overflows, a continuation page is allocated and linked to the original vmalloc'ed map page, and this used to hold the continuation counts for that entry and its neighbours. These continuation pages are seldom referenced: the common paths all work on the original swap_map, only referring to a continuation page when the low "digit" of a count is incremented or decremented through SWAP_MAP_MAX. Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hugh.dickins@tiscali.co.uk> Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com> Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2009-12-15 01:58:46 +00:00
if (p->flags & SWP_CONTINUED)
free_swap_count_continuations(p);
mutex_lock(&swapon_mutex);
spin_lock(&swap_lock);
drain_mmlist();
/* wait for anyone still in scan_swap_map */
p->highest_bit = 0; /* cuts scans short */
while (p->flags >= SWP_SCANNING) {
spin_unlock(&swap_lock);
schedule_timeout_uninterruptible(1);
spin_lock(&swap_lock);
}
swap_file = p->swap_file;
p->swap_file = NULL;
p->max = 0;
swap_map = p->swap_map;
p->swap_map = NULL;
p->flags = 0;
spin_unlock(&swap_lock);
mutex_unlock(&swapon_mutex);
vfree(swap_map);
memcg: swap cgroup for remembering usage For accounting swap, we need a record per swap entry, at least. This patch adds following function. - swap_cgroup_swapon() .... called from swapon - swap_cgroup_swapoff() ... called at the end of swapoff. - swap_cgroup_record() .... record information of swap entry. - swap_cgroup_lookup() .... lookup information of swap entry. This patch just implements "how to record information". No actual method for limit the usage of swap. These routine uses flat table to record and lookup. "wise" lookup system like radix-tree requires requires memory allocation at new records but swap-out is usually called under memory shortage (or memcg hits limit.) So, I used static allocation. (maybe dynamic allocation is not very hard but it adds additional memory allocation in memory shortage path.) Note1: In this, we use pointer to record information and this means 8bytes per swap entry. I think we can reduce this when we create "id of cgroup" in the range of 0-65535 or 0-255. Reported-by: Daisuke Nishimura <nishimura@mxp.nes.nec.co.jp> Reviewed-by: Daisuke Nishimura <nishimura@mxp.nes.nec.co.jp> Tested-by: Daisuke Nishimura <nishimura@mxp.nes.nec.co.jp> Reported-by: Hugh Dickins <hugh@veritas.com> Reported-by: Balbir Singh <balbir@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Reported-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com> Cc: Pavel Emelianov <xemul@openvz.org> Cc: Li Zefan <lizf@cn.fujitsu.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2009-01-08 02:07:58 +00:00
/* Destroy swap account informatin */
swap_cgroup_swapoff(type);
inode = mapping->host;
if (S_ISBLK(inode->i_mode)) {
struct block_device *bdev = I_BDEV(inode);
set_blocksize(bdev, p->old_block_size);
block: make blkdev_get/put() handle exclusive access Over time, block layer has accumulated a set of APIs dealing with bdev open, close, claim and release. * blkdev_get/put() are the primary open and close functions. * bd_claim/release() deal with exclusive open. * open/close_bdev_exclusive() are combination of open and claim and the other way around, respectively. * bd_link/unlink_disk_holder() to create and remove holder/slave symlinks. * open_by_devnum() wraps bdget() + blkdev_get(). The interface is a bit confusing and the decoupling of open and claim makes it impossible to properly guarantee exclusive access as in-kernel open + claim sequence can disturb the existing exclusive open even before the block layer knows the current open if for another exclusive access. Reorganize the interface such that, * blkdev_get() is extended to include exclusive access management. @holder argument is added and, if is @FMODE_EXCL specified, it will gain exclusive access atomically w.r.t. other exclusive accesses. * blkdev_put() is similarly extended. It now takes @mode argument and if @FMODE_EXCL is set, it releases an exclusive access. Also, when the last exclusive claim is released, the holder/slave symlinks are removed automatically. * bd_claim/release() and close_bdev_exclusive() are no longer necessary and either made static or removed. * bd_link_disk_holder() remains the same but bd_unlink_disk_holder() is no longer necessary and removed. * open_bdev_exclusive() becomes a simple wrapper around lookup_bdev() and blkdev_get(). It also has an unexpected extra bdev_read_only() test which probably should be moved into blkdev_get(). * open_by_devnum() is modified to take @holder argument and pass it to blkdev_get(). Most of bdev open/close operations are unified into blkdev_get/put() and most exclusive accesses are tested atomically at the open time (as it should). This cleans up code and removes some, both valid and invalid, but unnecessary all the same, corner cases. open_bdev_exclusive() and open_by_devnum() can use further cleanup - rename to blkdev_get_by_path() and blkdev_get_by_devt() and drop special features. Well, let's leave them for another day. Most conversions are straight-forward. drbd conversion is a bit more involved as there was some reordering, but the logic should stay the same. Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org> Acked-by: Neil Brown <neilb@suse.de> Acked-by: Ryusuke Konishi <konishi.ryusuke@lab.ntt.co.jp> Acked-by: Mike Snitzer <snitzer@redhat.com> Acked-by: Philipp Reisner <philipp.reisner@linbit.com> Cc: Peter Osterlund <petero2@telia.com> Cc: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com> Cc: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com> Cc: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz> Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Cc: Andreas Dilger <adilger.kernel@dilger.ca> Cc: "Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu> Cc: Mark Fasheh <mfasheh@suse.com> Cc: Joel Becker <joel.becker@oracle.com> Cc: Alex Elder <aelder@sgi.com> Cc: Christoph Hellwig <hch@infradead.org> Cc: dm-devel@redhat.com Cc: drbd-dev@lists.linbit.com Cc: Leo Chen <leochen@broadcom.com> Cc: Scott Branden <sbranden@broadcom.com> Cc: Chris Mason <chris.mason@oracle.com> Cc: Steven Whitehouse <swhiteho@redhat.com> Cc: Dave Kleikamp <shaggy@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Cc: Joern Engel <joern@logfs.org> Cc: reiserfs-devel@vger.kernel.org Cc: Alexander Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
2010-11-13 10:55:17 +00:00
blkdev_put(bdev, FMODE_READ | FMODE_WRITE | FMODE_EXCL);
} else {
mutex_lock(&inode->i_mutex);
inode->i_flags &= ~S_SWAPFILE;
mutex_unlock(&inode->i_mutex);
}
filp_close(swap_file, NULL);
err = 0;
atomic_inc(&proc_poll_event);
wake_up_interruptible(&proc_poll_wait);
out_dput:
filp_close(victim, NULL);
out:
return err;
}
#ifdef CONFIG_PROC_FS
static unsigned swaps_poll(struct file *file, poll_table *wait)
{
struct seq_file *seq = file->private_data;
poll_wait(file, &proc_poll_wait, wait);
if (seq->poll_event != atomic_read(&proc_poll_event)) {
seq->poll_event = atomic_read(&proc_poll_event);
return POLLIN | POLLRDNORM | POLLERR | POLLPRI;
}
return POLLIN | POLLRDNORM;
}
/* iterator */
static void *swap_start(struct seq_file *swap, loff_t *pos)
{
struct swap_info_struct *si;
int type;
loff_t l = *pos;
mutex_lock(&swapon_mutex);
if (!l)
return SEQ_START_TOKEN;
for (type = 0; type < nr_swapfiles; type++) {
smp_rmb(); /* read nr_swapfiles before swap_info[type] */
si = swap_info[type];
if (!(si->flags & SWP_USED) || !si->swap_map)
continue;
if (!--l)
return si;
}
return NULL;
}
static void *swap_next(struct seq_file *swap, void *v, loff_t *pos)
{
struct swap_info_struct *si = v;
int type;
if (v == SEQ_START_TOKEN)
type = 0;
else
type = si->type + 1;
for (; type < nr_swapfiles; type++) {
smp_rmb(); /* read nr_swapfiles before swap_info[type] */
si = swap_info[type];
if (!(si->flags & SWP_USED) || !si->swap_map)
continue;
++*pos;
return si;
}
return NULL;
}
static void swap_stop(struct seq_file *swap, void *v)
{
mutex_unlock(&swapon_mutex);
}
static int swap_show(struct seq_file *swap, void *v)
{
struct swap_info_struct *si = v;
struct file *file;
int len;
if (si == SEQ_START_TOKEN) {
seq_puts(swap,"Filename\t\t\t\tType\t\tSize\tUsed\tPriority\n");
return 0;
}
file = si->swap_file;
len = seq_path(swap, &file->f_path, " \t\n\\");
seq_printf(swap, "%*s%s\t%u\t%u\t%d\n",
len < 40 ? 40 - len : 1, " ",
S_ISBLK(file->f_path.dentry->d_inode->i_mode) ?
"partition" : "file\t",
si->pages << (PAGE_SHIFT - 10),
si->inuse_pages << (PAGE_SHIFT - 10),
si->prio);
return 0;
}
static const struct seq_operations swaps_op = {
.start = swap_start,
.next = swap_next,
.stop = swap_stop,
.show = swap_show
};
static int swaps_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
{
struct seq_file *seq;
int ret;
ret = seq_open(file, &swaps_op);
if (ret)
return ret;
seq = file->private_data;
seq->poll_event = atomic_read(&proc_poll_event);
return 0;
}
static const struct file_operations proc_swaps_operations = {
.open = swaps_open,
.read = seq_read,
.llseek = seq_lseek,
.release = seq_release,
.poll = swaps_poll,
};
static int __init procswaps_init(void)
{
proc_create("swaps", 0, NULL, &proc_swaps_operations);
return 0;
}
__initcall(procswaps_init);
#endif /* CONFIG_PROC_FS */
#ifdef MAX_SWAPFILES_CHECK
static int __init max_swapfiles_check(void)
{
MAX_SWAPFILES_CHECK();
return 0;
}
late_initcall(max_swapfiles_check);
#endif
static struct swap_info_struct *alloc_swap_info(void)
{
struct swap_info_struct *p;
unsigned int type;
p = kzalloc(sizeof(*p), GFP_KERNEL);
if (!p)
return ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM);
spin_lock(&swap_lock);
for (type = 0; type < nr_swapfiles; type++) {
if (!(swap_info[type]->flags & SWP_USED))
break;
}
[PATCH] Swapless page migration: add R/W migration entries Implement read/write migration ptes We take the upper two swapfiles for the two types of migration ptes and define a series of macros in swapops.h. The VM is modified to handle the migration entries. migration entries can only be encountered when the page they are pointing to is locked. This limits the number of places one has to fix. We also check in copy_pte_range and in mprotect_pte_range() for migration ptes. We check for migration ptes in do_swap_cache and call a function that will then wait on the page lock. This allows us to effectively stop all accesses to apge. Migration entries are created by try_to_unmap if called for migration and removed by local functions in migrate.c From: Hugh Dickins <hugh@veritas.com> Several times while testing swapless page migration (I've no NUMA, just hacking it up to migrate recklessly while running load), I've hit the BUG_ON(!PageLocked(p)) in migration_entry_to_page. This comes from an orphaned migration entry, unrelated to the current correctly locked migration, but hit by remove_anon_migration_ptes as it checks an address in each vma of the anon_vma list. Such an orphan may be left behind if an earlier migration raced with fork: copy_one_pte can duplicate a migration entry from parent to child, after remove_anon_migration_ptes has checked the child vma, but before it has removed it from the parent vma. (If the process were later to fault on this orphaned entry, it would hit the same BUG from migration_entry_wait.) This could be fixed by locking anon_vma in copy_one_pte, but we'd rather not. There's no such problem with file pages, because vma_prio_tree_add adds child vma after parent vma, and the page table locking at each end is enough to serialize. Follow that example with anon_vma: add new vmas to the tail instead of the head. (There's no corresponding problem when inserting migration entries, because a missed pte will leave the page count and mapcount high, which is allowed for. And there's no corresponding problem when migrating via swap, because a leftover swap entry will be correctly faulted. But the swapless method has no refcounting of its entries.) From: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> pte_unmap_unlock() takes the pte pointer as an argument. From: Hugh Dickins <hugh@veritas.com> Several times while testing swapless page migration, gcc has tried to exec a pointer instead of a string: smells like COW mappings are not being properly write-protected on fork. The protection in copy_one_pte looks very convincing, until at last you realize that the second arg to make_migration_entry is a boolean "write", and SWP_MIGRATION_READ is 30. Anyway, it's better done like in change_pte_range, using is_write_migration_entry and make_migration_entry_read. From: Hugh Dickins <hugh@veritas.com> Remove unnecessary obfuscation from sys_swapon's range check on swap type, which blew up causing memory corruption once swapless migration made MAX_SWAPFILES no longer 2 ^ MAX_SWAPFILES_SHIFT. Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hugh@veritas.com> Acked-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com> Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hugh@veritas.com> Signed-off-by: Christoph Lameter <clameter@engr.sgi.com> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> From: Hugh Dickins <hugh@veritas.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
2006-06-23 09:03:35 +00:00
if (type >= MAX_SWAPFILES) {
spin_unlock(&swap_lock);
kfree(p);
return ERR_PTR(-EPERM);
}
if (type >= nr_swapfiles) {
p->type = type;
swap_info[type] = p;
/*
* Write swap_info[type] before nr_swapfiles, in case a
* racing procfs swap_start() or swap_next() is reading them.
* (We never shrink nr_swapfiles, we never free this entry.)
*/
smp_wmb();
nr_swapfiles++;
} else {
kfree(p);
p = swap_info[type];
/*
* Do not memset this entry: a racing procfs swap_next()
* would be relying on p->type to remain valid.
*/
}
INIT_LIST_HEAD(&p->first_swap_extent.list);
p->flags = SWP_USED;
p->next = -1;
spin_unlock(&swap_lock);
return p;
}
static int claim_swapfile(struct swap_info_struct *p, struct inode *inode)
{
int error;
if (S_ISBLK(inode->i_mode)) {
p->bdev = bdgrab(I_BDEV(inode));
error = blkdev_get(p->bdev,
FMODE_READ | FMODE_WRITE | FMODE_EXCL,
sys_swapon);
if (error < 0) {
p->bdev = NULL;
return -EINVAL;
}
p->old_block_size = block_size(p->bdev);
error = set_blocksize(p->bdev, PAGE_SIZE);
if (error < 0)
return error;
p->flags |= SWP_BLKDEV;
} else if (S_ISREG(inode->i_mode)) {
p->bdev = inode->i_sb->s_bdev;
mutex_lock(&inode->i_mutex);
if (IS_SWAPFILE(inode))
return -EBUSY;
} else
return -EINVAL;
return 0;
}
static unsigned long read_swap_header(struct swap_info_struct *p,
union swap_header *swap_header,
struct inode *inode)
{
int i;
unsigned long maxpages;
unsigned long swapfilepages;
if (memcmp("SWAPSPACE2", swap_header->magic.magic, 10)) {
printk(KERN_ERR "Unable to find swap-space signature\n");
return 0;
}
/* swap partition endianess hack... */
if (swab32(swap_header->info.version) == 1) {
swab32s(&swap_header->info.version);
swab32s(&swap_header->info.last_page);
swab32s(&swap_header->info.nr_badpages);
for (i = 0; i < swap_header->info.nr_badpages; i++)
swab32s(&swap_header->info.badpages[i]);
}
/* Check the swap header's sub-version */
if (swap_header->info.version != 1) {
printk(KERN_WARNING
"Unable to handle swap header version %d\n",
swap_header->info.version);
return 0;
}
p->lowest_bit = 1;
p->cluster_next = 1;
p->cluster_nr = 0;
/*
* Find out how many pages are allowed for a single swap
mm: let swap use exceptional entries If swap entries are to be stored along with struct page pointers in a radix tree, they need to be distinguished as exceptional entries. Most of the handling of swap entries in radix tree will be contained in shmem.c, but a few functions in filemap.c's common code need to check for their appearance: find_get_page(), find_lock_page(), find_get_pages() and find_get_pages_contig(). So as not to slow their fast paths, tuck those checks inside the existing checks for unlikely radix_tree_deref_slot(); except for find_lock_page(), where it is an added test. And make it a BUG in find_get_pages_tag(), which is not applied to tmpfs files. A part of the reason for eliminating shmem_readpage() earlier, was to minimize the places where common code would need to allow for swap entries. The swp_entry_t known to swapfile.c must be massaged into a slightly different form when stored in the radix tree, just as it gets massaged into a pte_t when stored in page tables. In an i386 kernel this limits its information (type and page offset) to 30 bits: given 32 "types" of swapfile and 4kB pagesize, that's a maximum swapfile size of 128GB. Which is less than the 512GB we previously allowed with X86_PAE (where the swap entry can occupy the entire upper 32 bits of a pte_t), but not a new limitation on 32-bit without PAE; and there's not a new limitation on 64-bit (where swap filesize is already limited to 16TB by a 32-bit page offset). Thirty areas of 128GB is probably still enough swap for a 64GB 32-bit machine. Provide swp_to_radix_entry() and radix_to_swp_entry() conversions, and enforce filesize limit in read_swap_header(), just as for ptes. Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com> Acked-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2011-08-03 23:21:19 +00:00
* device. There are three limiting factors: 1) the number
* of bits for the swap offset in the swp_entry_t type, and
* 2) the number of bits in the swap pte as defined by the
* the different architectures, and 3) the number of free bits
* in an exceptional radix_tree entry. In order to find the
* largest possible bit mask, a swap entry with swap type 0
* and swap offset ~0UL is created, encoded to a swap pte,
mm: let swap use exceptional entries If swap entries are to be stored along with struct page pointers in a radix tree, they need to be distinguished as exceptional entries. Most of the handling of swap entries in radix tree will be contained in shmem.c, but a few functions in filemap.c's common code need to check for their appearance: find_get_page(), find_lock_page(), find_get_pages() and find_get_pages_contig(). So as not to slow their fast paths, tuck those checks inside the existing checks for unlikely radix_tree_deref_slot(); except for find_lock_page(), where it is an added test. And make it a BUG in find_get_pages_tag(), which is not applied to tmpfs files. A part of the reason for eliminating shmem_readpage() earlier, was to minimize the places where common code would need to allow for swap entries. The swp_entry_t known to swapfile.c must be massaged into a slightly different form when stored in the radix tree, just as it gets massaged into a pte_t when stored in page tables. In an i386 kernel this limits its information (type and page offset) to 30 bits: given 32 "types" of swapfile and 4kB pagesize, that's a maximum swapfile size of 128GB. Which is less than the 512GB we previously allowed with X86_PAE (where the swap entry can occupy the entire upper 32 bits of a pte_t), but not a new limitation on 32-bit without PAE; and there's not a new limitation on 64-bit (where swap filesize is already limited to 16TB by a 32-bit page offset). Thirty areas of 128GB is probably still enough swap for a 64GB 32-bit machine. Provide swp_to_radix_entry() and radix_to_swp_entry() conversions, and enforce filesize limit in read_swap_header(), just as for ptes. Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com> Acked-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2011-08-03 23:21:19 +00:00
* decoded to a swp_entry_t again, and finally the swap
* offset is extracted. This will mask all the bits from
* the initial ~0UL mask that can't be encoded in either
* the swp_entry_t or the architecture definition of a
mm: let swap use exceptional entries If swap entries are to be stored along with struct page pointers in a radix tree, they need to be distinguished as exceptional entries. Most of the handling of swap entries in radix tree will be contained in shmem.c, but a few functions in filemap.c's common code need to check for their appearance: find_get_page(), find_lock_page(), find_get_pages() and find_get_pages_contig(). So as not to slow their fast paths, tuck those checks inside the existing checks for unlikely radix_tree_deref_slot(); except for find_lock_page(), where it is an added test. And make it a BUG in find_get_pages_tag(), which is not applied to tmpfs files. A part of the reason for eliminating shmem_readpage() earlier, was to minimize the places where common code would need to allow for swap entries. The swp_entry_t known to swapfile.c must be massaged into a slightly different form when stored in the radix tree, just as it gets massaged into a pte_t when stored in page tables. In an i386 kernel this limits its information (type and page offset) to 30 bits: given 32 "types" of swapfile and 4kB pagesize, that's a maximum swapfile size of 128GB. Which is less than the 512GB we previously allowed with X86_PAE (where the swap entry can occupy the entire upper 32 bits of a pte_t), but not a new limitation on 32-bit without PAE; and there's not a new limitation on 64-bit (where swap filesize is already limited to 16TB by a 32-bit page offset). Thirty areas of 128GB is probably still enough swap for a 64GB 32-bit machine. Provide swp_to_radix_entry() and radix_to_swp_entry() conversions, and enforce filesize limit in read_swap_header(), just as for ptes. Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com> Acked-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2011-08-03 23:21:19 +00:00
* swap pte. Then the same is done for a radix_tree entry.
*/
maxpages = swp_offset(pte_to_swp_entry(
mm: let swap use exceptional entries If swap entries are to be stored along with struct page pointers in a radix tree, they need to be distinguished as exceptional entries. Most of the handling of swap entries in radix tree will be contained in shmem.c, but a few functions in filemap.c's common code need to check for their appearance: find_get_page(), find_lock_page(), find_get_pages() and find_get_pages_contig(). So as not to slow their fast paths, tuck those checks inside the existing checks for unlikely radix_tree_deref_slot(); except for find_lock_page(), where it is an added test. And make it a BUG in find_get_pages_tag(), which is not applied to tmpfs files. A part of the reason for eliminating shmem_readpage() earlier, was to minimize the places where common code would need to allow for swap entries. The swp_entry_t known to swapfile.c must be massaged into a slightly different form when stored in the radix tree, just as it gets massaged into a pte_t when stored in page tables. In an i386 kernel this limits its information (type and page offset) to 30 bits: given 32 "types" of swapfile and 4kB pagesize, that's a maximum swapfile size of 128GB. Which is less than the 512GB we previously allowed with X86_PAE (where the swap entry can occupy the entire upper 32 bits of a pte_t), but not a new limitation on 32-bit without PAE; and there's not a new limitation on 64-bit (where swap filesize is already limited to 16TB by a 32-bit page offset). Thirty areas of 128GB is probably still enough swap for a 64GB 32-bit machine. Provide swp_to_radix_entry() and radix_to_swp_entry() conversions, and enforce filesize limit in read_swap_header(), just as for ptes. Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com> Acked-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2011-08-03 23:21:19 +00:00
swp_entry_to_pte(swp_entry(0, ~0UL))));
maxpages = swp_offset(radix_to_swp_entry(
swp_to_radix_entry(swp_entry(0, maxpages)))) + 1;
if (maxpages > swap_header->info.last_page) {
maxpages = swap_header->info.last_page + 1;
/* p->max is an unsigned int: don't overflow it */
if ((unsigned int)maxpages == 0)
maxpages = UINT_MAX;
}
p->highest_bit = maxpages - 1;
if (!maxpages)
return 0;
swapfilepages = i_size_read(inode) >> PAGE_SHIFT;
if (swapfilepages && maxpages > swapfilepages) {
printk(KERN_WARNING
"Swap area shorter than signature indicates\n");
return 0;
}
if (swap_header->info.nr_badpages && S_ISREG(inode->i_mode))
return 0;
if (swap_header->info.nr_badpages > MAX_SWAP_BADPAGES)
return 0;
return maxpages;
}
static int setup_swap_map_and_extents(struct swap_info_struct *p,
union swap_header *swap_header,
unsigned char *swap_map,
unsigned long maxpages,
sector_t *span)
{
int i;
unsigned int nr_good_pages;
int nr_extents;
nr_good_pages = maxpages - 1; /* omit header page */
for (i = 0; i < swap_header->info.nr_badpages; i++) {
unsigned int page_nr = swap_header->info.badpages[i];
if (page_nr == 0 || page_nr > swap_header->info.last_page)
return -EINVAL;
if (page_nr < maxpages) {
swap_map[page_nr] = SWAP_MAP_BAD;
nr_good_pages--;
}
}
if (nr_good_pages) {
swap_map[0] = SWAP_MAP_BAD;
p->max = maxpages;
p->pages = nr_good_pages;
nr_extents = setup_swap_extents(p, span);
if (nr_extents < 0)
return nr_extents;
nr_good_pages = p->pages;
}
if (!nr_good_pages) {
printk(KERN_WARNING "Empty swap-file\n");
return -EINVAL;
}
return nr_extents;
}
SYSCALL_DEFINE2(swapon, const char __user *, specialfile, int, swap_flags)
{
struct swap_info_struct *p;
char *name;
struct file *swap_file = NULL;
struct address_space *mapping;
int i;
int prio;
int error;
union swap_header *swap_header;
int nr_extents;
sector_t span;
unsigned long maxpages;
unsigned char *swap_map = NULL;
struct page *page = NULL;
struct inode *inode = NULL;
if (!capable(CAP_SYS_ADMIN))
return -EPERM;
p = alloc_swap_info();
if (IS_ERR(p))
return PTR_ERR(p);
name = getname(specialfile);
if (IS_ERR(name)) {
error = PTR_ERR(name);
name = NULL;
goto bad_swap;
}
swap_file = filp_open(name, O_RDWR|O_LARGEFILE, 0);
if (IS_ERR(swap_file)) {
error = PTR_ERR(swap_file);
swap_file = NULL;
goto bad_swap;
}
p->swap_file = swap_file;
mapping = swap_file->f_mapping;
for (i = 0; i < nr_swapfiles; i++) {
struct swap_info_struct *q = swap_info[i];
if (q == p || !q->swap_file)
continue;
if (mapping == q->swap_file->f_mapping) {
error = -EBUSY;
goto bad_swap;
}
}
inode = mapping->host;
/* If S_ISREG(inode->i_mode) will do mutex_lock(&inode->i_mutex); */
error = claim_swapfile(p, inode);
if (unlikely(error))
goto bad_swap;
/*
* Read the swap header.
*/
if (!mapping->a_ops->readpage) {
error = -EINVAL;
goto bad_swap;
}
page = read_mapping_page(mapping, 0, swap_file);
if (IS_ERR(page)) {
error = PTR_ERR(page);
goto bad_swap;
}
swap_header = kmap(page);
maxpages = read_swap_header(p, swap_header, inode);
if (unlikely(!maxpages)) {
error = -EINVAL;
goto bad_swap;
}
/* OK, set up the swap map and apply the bad block list */
swap_map = vzalloc(maxpages);
if (!swap_map) {
error = -ENOMEM;
goto bad_swap;
}
error = swap_cgroup_swapon(p->type, maxpages);
if (error)
goto bad_swap;
nr_extents = setup_swap_map_and_extents(p, swap_header, swap_map,
maxpages, &span);
if (unlikely(nr_extents < 0)) {
error = nr_extents;
goto bad_swap;
}
if (p->bdev) {
if (blk_queue_nonrot(bdev_get_queue(p->bdev))) {
p->flags |= SWP_SOLIDSTATE;
p->cluster_next = 1 + (random32() % p->highest_bit);
}
if (discard_swap(p) == 0 && (swap_flags & SWAP_FLAG_DISCARD))
p->flags |= SWP_DISCARDABLE;
}
mutex_lock(&swapon_mutex);
prio = -1;
if (swap_flags & SWAP_FLAG_PREFER)
prio =
(swap_flags & SWAP_FLAG_PRIO_MASK) >> SWAP_FLAG_PRIO_SHIFT;
enable_swap_info(p, prio, swap_map);
printk(KERN_INFO "Adding %uk swap on %s. "
"Priority:%d extents:%d across:%lluk %s%s\n",
p->pages<<(PAGE_SHIFT-10), name, p->prio,
nr_extents, (unsigned long long)span<<(PAGE_SHIFT-10),
(p->flags & SWP_SOLIDSTATE) ? "SS" : "",
(p->flags & SWP_DISCARDABLE) ? "D" : "");
mutex_unlock(&swapon_mutex);
atomic_inc(&proc_poll_event);
wake_up_interruptible(&proc_poll_wait);
if (S_ISREG(inode->i_mode))
inode->i_flags |= S_SWAPFILE;
error = 0;
goto out;
bad_swap:
if (inode && S_ISBLK(inode->i_mode) && p->bdev) {
set_blocksize(p->bdev, p->old_block_size);
blkdev_put(p->bdev, FMODE_READ | FMODE_WRITE | FMODE_EXCL);
}
destroy_swap_extents(p);
swap_cgroup_swapoff(p->type);
spin_lock(&swap_lock);
p->swap_file = NULL;
p->flags = 0;
spin_unlock(&swap_lock);
vfree(swap_map);
mm: swap: unlock swapfile inode mutex before closing file on bad swapfiles If an administrator tries to swapon a file backed by NFS, the inode mutex is taken (as it is for any swapfile) but later identified to be a bad swapfile due to the lack of bmap and tries to cleanup. During cleanup, an attempt is made to close the file but with inode->i_mutex still held. Closing an NFS file syncs it which tries to acquire the inode mutex leading to deadlock. If lockdep is enabled the following appears on the console; ============================================= [ INFO: possible recursive locking detected ] 2.6.38-rc8-autobuild #1 --------------------------------------------- swapon/2192 is trying to acquire lock: (&sb->s_type->i_mutex_key#13){+.+.+.}, at: vfs_fsync_range+0x47/0x7c but task is already holding lock: (&sb->s_type->i_mutex_key#13){+.+.+.}, at: sys_swapon+0x28d/0xae7 other info that might help us debug this: 1 lock held by swapon/2192: #0: (&sb->s_type->i_mutex_key#13){+.+.+.}, at: sys_swapon+0x28d/0xae7 stack backtrace: Pid: 2192, comm: swapon Not tainted 2.6.38-rc8-autobuild #1 Call Trace: __lock_acquire+0x2eb/0x1623 find_get_pages_tag+0x14a/0x174 pagevec_lookup_tag+0x25/0x2e vfs_fsync_range+0x47/0x7c lock_acquire+0xd3/0x100 vfs_fsync_range+0x47/0x7c nfs_flush_one+0x0/0xdf [nfs] mutex_lock_nested+0x40/0x2b1 vfs_fsync_range+0x47/0x7c vfs_fsync_range+0x47/0x7c vfs_fsync+0x1c/0x1e nfs_file_flush+0x64/0x69 [nfs] filp_close+0x43/0x72 sys_swapon+0xa39/0xae7 sysret_check+0x2e/0x69 system_call_fastpath+0x16/0x1b This patch releases the mutex if its held before calling filep_close() so swapon fails as expected without deadlock when the swapfile is backed by NFS. If accepted for 2.6.39, it should also be considered a -stable candidate for 2.6.38 and 2.6.37. Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de> Acked-by: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com> Cc: <stable@kernel.org> [2.6.37+] Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2011-03-22 23:30:08 +00:00
if (swap_file) {
if (inode && S_ISREG(inode->i_mode)) {
mm: swap: unlock swapfile inode mutex before closing file on bad swapfiles If an administrator tries to swapon a file backed by NFS, the inode mutex is taken (as it is for any swapfile) but later identified to be a bad swapfile due to the lack of bmap and tries to cleanup. During cleanup, an attempt is made to close the file but with inode->i_mutex still held. Closing an NFS file syncs it which tries to acquire the inode mutex leading to deadlock. If lockdep is enabled the following appears on the console; ============================================= [ INFO: possible recursive locking detected ] 2.6.38-rc8-autobuild #1 --------------------------------------------- swapon/2192 is trying to acquire lock: (&sb->s_type->i_mutex_key#13){+.+.+.}, at: vfs_fsync_range+0x47/0x7c but task is already holding lock: (&sb->s_type->i_mutex_key#13){+.+.+.}, at: sys_swapon+0x28d/0xae7 other info that might help us debug this: 1 lock held by swapon/2192: #0: (&sb->s_type->i_mutex_key#13){+.+.+.}, at: sys_swapon+0x28d/0xae7 stack backtrace: Pid: 2192, comm: swapon Not tainted 2.6.38-rc8-autobuild #1 Call Trace: __lock_acquire+0x2eb/0x1623 find_get_pages_tag+0x14a/0x174 pagevec_lookup_tag+0x25/0x2e vfs_fsync_range+0x47/0x7c lock_acquire+0xd3/0x100 vfs_fsync_range+0x47/0x7c nfs_flush_one+0x0/0xdf [nfs] mutex_lock_nested+0x40/0x2b1 vfs_fsync_range+0x47/0x7c vfs_fsync_range+0x47/0x7c vfs_fsync+0x1c/0x1e nfs_file_flush+0x64/0x69 [nfs] filp_close+0x43/0x72 sys_swapon+0xa39/0xae7 sysret_check+0x2e/0x69 system_call_fastpath+0x16/0x1b This patch releases the mutex if its held before calling filep_close() so swapon fails as expected without deadlock when the swapfile is backed by NFS. If accepted for 2.6.39, it should also be considered a -stable candidate for 2.6.38 and 2.6.37. Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de> Acked-by: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com> Cc: <stable@kernel.org> [2.6.37+] Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2011-03-22 23:30:08 +00:00
mutex_unlock(&inode->i_mutex);
inode = NULL;
}
filp_close(swap_file, NULL);
mm: swap: unlock swapfile inode mutex before closing file on bad swapfiles If an administrator tries to swapon a file backed by NFS, the inode mutex is taken (as it is for any swapfile) but later identified to be a bad swapfile due to the lack of bmap and tries to cleanup. During cleanup, an attempt is made to close the file but with inode->i_mutex still held. Closing an NFS file syncs it which tries to acquire the inode mutex leading to deadlock. If lockdep is enabled the following appears on the console; ============================================= [ INFO: possible recursive locking detected ] 2.6.38-rc8-autobuild #1 --------------------------------------------- swapon/2192 is trying to acquire lock: (&sb->s_type->i_mutex_key#13){+.+.+.}, at: vfs_fsync_range+0x47/0x7c but task is already holding lock: (&sb->s_type->i_mutex_key#13){+.+.+.}, at: sys_swapon+0x28d/0xae7 other info that might help us debug this: 1 lock held by swapon/2192: #0: (&sb->s_type->i_mutex_key#13){+.+.+.}, at: sys_swapon+0x28d/0xae7 stack backtrace: Pid: 2192, comm: swapon Not tainted 2.6.38-rc8-autobuild #1 Call Trace: __lock_acquire+0x2eb/0x1623 find_get_pages_tag+0x14a/0x174 pagevec_lookup_tag+0x25/0x2e vfs_fsync_range+0x47/0x7c lock_acquire+0xd3/0x100 vfs_fsync_range+0x47/0x7c nfs_flush_one+0x0/0xdf [nfs] mutex_lock_nested+0x40/0x2b1 vfs_fsync_range+0x47/0x7c vfs_fsync_range+0x47/0x7c vfs_fsync+0x1c/0x1e nfs_file_flush+0x64/0x69 [nfs] filp_close+0x43/0x72 sys_swapon+0xa39/0xae7 sysret_check+0x2e/0x69 system_call_fastpath+0x16/0x1b This patch releases the mutex if its held before calling filep_close() so swapon fails as expected without deadlock when the swapfile is backed by NFS. If accepted for 2.6.39, it should also be considered a -stable candidate for 2.6.38 and 2.6.37. Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de> Acked-by: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com> Cc: <stable@kernel.org> [2.6.37+] Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2011-03-22 23:30:08 +00:00
}
out:
if (page && !IS_ERR(page)) {
kunmap(page);
page_cache_release(page);
}
if (name)
putname(name);
if (inode && S_ISREG(inode->i_mode))
mutex_unlock(&inode->i_mutex);
return error;
}
void si_swapinfo(struct sysinfo *val)
{
unsigned int type;
unsigned long nr_to_be_unused = 0;
spin_lock(&swap_lock);
for (type = 0; type < nr_swapfiles; type++) {
struct swap_info_struct *si = swap_info[type];
if ((si->flags & SWP_USED) && !(si->flags & SWP_WRITEOK))
nr_to_be_unused += si->inuse_pages;
}
val->freeswap = nr_swap_pages + nr_to_be_unused;
val->totalswap = total_swap_pages + nr_to_be_unused;
spin_unlock(&swap_lock);
}
/*
* Verify that a swap entry is valid and increment its swap map count.
*
* Returns error code in following case.
* - success -> 0
* - swp_entry is invalid -> EINVAL
* - swp_entry is migration entry -> EINVAL
* - swap-cache reference is requested but there is already one. -> EEXIST
* - swap-cache reference is requested but the entry is not used. -> ENOENT
swap_info: swap count continuations Swap is duplicated (reference count incremented by one) whenever the same swap page is inserted into another mm (when forking finds a swap entry in place of a pte, or when reclaim unmaps a pte to insert the swap entry). swap_info_struct's vmalloc'ed swap_map is the array of these reference counts: but what happens when the unsigned short (or unsigned char since the preceding patch) is full? (and its high bit is kept for a cache flag) We then lose track of it, never freeing, leaving it in use until swapoff: at which point we _hope_ that a single pass will have found all instances, assume there are no more, and will lose user data if we're wrong. Swapping of KSM pages has not yet been enabled; but it is implemented, and makes it very easy for a user to overflow the maximum swap count: possible with ordinary process pages, but unlikely, even when pid_max has been raised from PID_MAX_DEFAULT. This patch implements swap count continuations: when the count overflows, a continuation page is allocated and linked to the original vmalloc'ed map page, and this used to hold the continuation counts for that entry and its neighbours. These continuation pages are seldom referenced: the common paths all work on the original swap_map, only referring to a continuation page when the low "digit" of a count is incremented or decremented through SWAP_MAP_MAX. Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hugh.dickins@tiscali.co.uk> Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com> Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2009-12-15 01:58:46 +00:00
* - swap-mapped reference requested but needs continued swap count. -> ENOMEM
*/
static int __swap_duplicate(swp_entry_t entry, unsigned char usage)
{
struct swap_info_struct *p;
unsigned long offset, type;
unsigned char count;
unsigned char has_cache;
int err = -EINVAL;
if (non_swap_entry(entry))
goto out;
[PATCH] Swapless page migration: add R/W migration entries Implement read/write migration ptes We take the upper two swapfiles for the two types of migration ptes and define a series of macros in swapops.h. The VM is modified to handle the migration entries. migration entries can only be encountered when the page they are pointing to is locked. This limits the number of places one has to fix. We also check in copy_pte_range and in mprotect_pte_range() for migration ptes. We check for migration ptes in do_swap_cache and call a function that will then wait on the page lock. This allows us to effectively stop all accesses to apge. Migration entries are created by try_to_unmap if called for migration and removed by local functions in migrate.c From: Hugh Dickins <hugh@veritas.com> Several times while testing swapless page migration (I've no NUMA, just hacking it up to migrate recklessly while running load), I've hit the BUG_ON(!PageLocked(p)) in migration_entry_to_page. This comes from an orphaned migration entry, unrelated to the current correctly locked migration, but hit by remove_anon_migration_ptes as it checks an address in each vma of the anon_vma list. Such an orphan may be left behind if an earlier migration raced with fork: copy_one_pte can duplicate a migration entry from parent to child, after remove_anon_migration_ptes has checked the child vma, but before it has removed it from the parent vma. (If the process were later to fault on this orphaned entry, it would hit the same BUG from migration_entry_wait.) This could be fixed by locking anon_vma in copy_one_pte, but we'd rather not. There's no such problem with file pages, because vma_prio_tree_add adds child vma after parent vma, and the page table locking at each end is enough to serialize. Follow that example with anon_vma: add new vmas to the tail instead of the head. (There's no corresponding problem when inserting migration entries, because a missed pte will leave the page count and mapcount high, which is allowed for. And there's no corresponding problem when migrating via swap, because a leftover swap entry will be correctly faulted. But the swapless method has no refcounting of its entries.) From: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> pte_unmap_unlock() takes the pte pointer as an argument. From: Hugh Dickins <hugh@veritas.com> Several times while testing swapless page migration, gcc has tried to exec a pointer instead of a string: smells like COW mappings are not being properly write-protected on fork. The protection in copy_one_pte looks very convincing, until at last you realize that the second arg to make_migration_entry is a boolean "write", and SWP_MIGRATION_READ is 30. Anyway, it's better done like in change_pte_range, using is_write_migration_entry and make_migration_entry_read. From: Hugh Dickins <hugh@veritas.com> Remove unnecessary obfuscation from sys_swapon's range check on swap type, which blew up causing memory corruption once swapless migration made MAX_SWAPFILES no longer 2 ^ MAX_SWAPFILES_SHIFT. Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hugh@veritas.com> Acked-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com> Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hugh@veritas.com> Signed-off-by: Christoph Lameter <clameter@engr.sgi.com> Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> From: Hugh Dickins <hugh@veritas.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
2006-06-23 09:03:35 +00:00
type = swp_type(entry);
if (type >= nr_swapfiles)
goto bad_file;
p = swap_info[type];
offset = swp_offset(entry);
spin_lock(&swap_lock);
if (unlikely(offset >= p->max))
goto unlock_out;
count = p->swap_map[offset];
has_cache = count & SWAP_HAS_CACHE;
count &= ~SWAP_HAS_CACHE;
err = 0;
if (usage == SWAP_HAS_CACHE) {
/* set SWAP_HAS_CACHE if there is no cache and entry is used */
if (!has_cache && count)
has_cache = SWAP_HAS_CACHE;
else if (has_cache) /* someone else added cache */
err = -EEXIST;
else /* no users remaining */
err = -ENOENT;
} else if (count || has_cache) {
swap_info: swap count continuations Swap is duplicated (reference count incremented by one) whenever the same swap page is inserted into another mm (when forking finds a swap entry in place of a pte, or when reclaim unmaps a pte to insert the swap entry). swap_info_struct's vmalloc'ed swap_map is the array of these reference counts: but what happens when the unsigned short (or unsigned char since the preceding patch) is full? (and its high bit is kept for a cache flag) We then lose track of it, never freeing, leaving it in use until swapoff: at which point we _hope_ that a single pass will have found all instances, assume there are no more, and will lose user data if we're wrong. Swapping of KSM pages has not yet been enabled; but it is implemented, and makes it very easy for a user to overflow the maximum swap count: possible with ordinary process pages, but unlikely, even when pid_max has been raised from PID_MAX_DEFAULT. This patch implements swap count continuations: when the count overflows, a continuation page is allocated and linked to the original vmalloc'ed map page, and this used to hold the continuation counts for that entry and its neighbours. These continuation pages are seldom referenced: the common paths all work on the original swap_map, only referring to a continuation page when the low "digit" of a count is incremented or decremented through SWAP_MAP_MAX. Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hugh.dickins@tiscali.co.uk> Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com> Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2009-12-15 01:58:46 +00:00
if ((count & ~COUNT_CONTINUED) < SWAP_MAP_MAX)
count += usage;
else if ((count & ~COUNT_CONTINUED) > SWAP_MAP_MAX)
err = -EINVAL;
swap_info: swap count continuations Swap is duplicated (reference count incremented by one) whenever the same swap page is inserted into another mm (when forking finds a swap entry in place of a pte, or when reclaim unmaps a pte to insert the swap entry). swap_info_struct's vmalloc'ed swap_map is the array of these reference counts: but what happens when the unsigned short (or unsigned char since the preceding patch) is full? (and its high bit is kept for a cache flag) We then lose track of it, never freeing, leaving it in use until swapoff: at which point we _hope_ that a single pass will have found all instances, assume there are no more, and will lose user data if we're wrong. Swapping of KSM pages has not yet been enabled; but it is implemented, and makes it very easy for a user to overflow the maximum swap count: possible with ordinary process pages, but unlikely, even when pid_max has been raised from PID_MAX_DEFAULT. This patch implements swap count continuations: when the count overflows, a continuation page is allocated and linked to the original vmalloc'ed map page, and this used to hold the continuation counts for that entry and its neighbours. These continuation pages are seldom referenced: the common paths all work on the original swap_map, only referring to a continuation page when the low "digit" of a count is incremented or decremented through SWAP_MAP_MAX. Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hugh.dickins@tiscali.co.uk> Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com> Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2009-12-15 01:58:46 +00:00
else if (swap_count_continued(p, offset, count))
count = COUNT_CONTINUED;
else
err = -ENOMEM;
} else
err = -ENOENT; /* unused swap entry */
p->swap_map[offset] = count | has_cache;
unlock_out:
spin_unlock(&swap_lock);
out:
return err;
bad_file:
printk(KERN_ERR "swap_dup: %s%08lx\n", Bad_file, entry.val);
goto out;
}
/*
* Help swapoff by noting that swap entry belongs to shmem/tmpfs
* (in which case its reference count is never incremented).
*/
void swap_shmem_alloc(swp_entry_t entry)
{
__swap_duplicate(entry, SWAP_MAP_SHMEM);
}
/*
* Increase reference count of swap entry by 1.
* Returns 0 for success, or -ENOMEM if a swap_count_continuation is required
* but could not be atomically allocated. Returns 0, just as if it succeeded,
* if __swap_duplicate() fails for another reason (-EINVAL or -ENOENT), which
* might occur if a page table entry has got corrupted.
*/
swap_info: swap count continuations Swap is duplicated (reference count incremented by one) whenever the same swap page is inserted into another mm (when forking finds a swap entry in place of a pte, or when reclaim unmaps a pte to insert the swap entry). swap_info_struct's vmalloc'ed swap_map is the array of these reference counts: but what happens when the unsigned short (or unsigned char since the preceding patch) is full? (and its high bit is kept for a cache flag) We then lose track of it, never freeing, leaving it in use until swapoff: at which point we _hope_ that a single pass will have found all instances, assume there are no more, and will lose user data if we're wrong. Swapping of KSM pages has not yet been enabled; but it is implemented, and makes it very easy for a user to overflow the maximum swap count: possible with ordinary process pages, but unlikely, even when pid_max has been raised from PID_MAX_DEFAULT. This patch implements swap count continuations: when the count overflows, a continuation page is allocated and linked to the original vmalloc'ed map page, and this used to hold the continuation counts for that entry and its neighbours. These continuation pages are seldom referenced: the common paths all work on the original swap_map, only referring to a continuation page when the low "digit" of a count is incremented or decremented through SWAP_MAP_MAX. Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hugh.dickins@tiscali.co.uk> Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com> Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2009-12-15 01:58:46 +00:00
int swap_duplicate(swp_entry_t entry)
{
swap_info: swap count continuations Swap is duplicated (reference count incremented by one) whenever the same swap page is inserted into another mm (when forking finds a swap entry in place of a pte, or when reclaim unmaps a pte to insert the swap entry). swap_info_struct's vmalloc'ed swap_map is the array of these reference counts: but what happens when the unsigned short (or unsigned char since the preceding patch) is full? (and its high bit is kept for a cache flag) We then lose track of it, never freeing, leaving it in use until swapoff: at which point we _hope_ that a single pass will have found all instances, assume there are no more, and will lose user data if we're wrong. Swapping of KSM pages has not yet been enabled; but it is implemented, and makes it very easy for a user to overflow the maximum swap count: possible with ordinary process pages, but unlikely, even when pid_max has been raised from PID_MAX_DEFAULT. This patch implements swap count continuations: when the count overflows, a continuation page is allocated and linked to the original vmalloc'ed map page, and this used to hold the continuation counts for that entry and its neighbours. These continuation pages are seldom referenced: the common paths all work on the original swap_map, only referring to a continuation page when the low "digit" of a count is incremented or decremented through SWAP_MAP_MAX. Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hugh.dickins@tiscali.co.uk> Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com> Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2009-12-15 01:58:46 +00:00
int err = 0;
while (!err && __swap_duplicate(entry, 1) == -ENOMEM)
err = add_swap_count_continuation(entry, GFP_ATOMIC);
return err;
}
/*
* @entry: swap entry for which we allocate swap cache.
*
* Called when allocating swap cache for existing swap entry,
* This can return error codes. Returns 0 at success.
* -EBUSY means there is a swap cache.
* Note: return code is different from swap_duplicate().
*/
int swapcache_prepare(swp_entry_t entry)
{
return __swap_duplicate(entry, SWAP_HAS_CACHE);
}
/*
* swap_lock prevents swap_map being freed. Don't grab an extra
* reference on the swaphandle, it doesn't matter if it becomes unused.
*/
int valid_swaphandles(swp_entry_t entry, unsigned long *offset)
{
struct swap_info_struct *si;
int our_page_cluster = page_cluster;
pgoff_t target, toff;
pgoff_t base, end;
int nr_pages = 0;
if (!our_page_cluster) /* no readahead */
return 0;
si = swap_info[swp_type(entry)];
target = swp_offset(entry);
base = (target >> our_page_cluster) << our_page_cluster;
end = base + (1 << our_page_cluster);
if (!base) /* first page is swap header */
base++;
spin_lock(&swap_lock);
if (end > si->max) /* don't go beyond end of map */
end = si->max;
/* Count contiguous allocated slots above our target */
for (toff = target; ++toff < end; nr_pages++) {
/* Don't read in free or bad pages */
if (!si->swap_map[toff])
break;
if (swap_count(si->swap_map[toff]) == SWAP_MAP_BAD)
break;
}
/* Count contiguous allocated slots below our target */
for (toff = target; --toff >= base; nr_pages++) {
/* Don't read in free or bad pages */
if (!si->swap_map[toff])
break;
if (swap_count(si->swap_map[toff]) == SWAP_MAP_BAD)
break;
}
spin_unlock(&swap_lock);
/*
* Indicate starting offset, and return number of pages to get:
* if only 1, say 0, since there's then no readahead to be done.
*/
*offset = ++toff;
return nr_pages? ++nr_pages: 0;
}
swap_info: swap count continuations Swap is duplicated (reference count incremented by one) whenever the same swap page is inserted into another mm (when forking finds a swap entry in place of a pte, or when reclaim unmaps a pte to insert the swap entry). swap_info_struct's vmalloc'ed swap_map is the array of these reference counts: but what happens when the unsigned short (or unsigned char since the preceding patch) is full? (and its high bit is kept for a cache flag) We then lose track of it, never freeing, leaving it in use until swapoff: at which point we _hope_ that a single pass will have found all instances, assume there are no more, and will lose user data if we're wrong. Swapping of KSM pages has not yet been enabled; but it is implemented, and makes it very easy for a user to overflow the maximum swap count: possible with ordinary process pages, but unlikely, even when pid_max has been raised from PID_MAX_DEFAULT. This patch implements swap count continuations: when the count overflows, a continuation page is allocated and linked to the original vmalloc'ed map page, and this used to hold the continuation counts for that entry and its neighbours. These continuation pages are seldom referenced: the common paths all work on the original swap_map, only referring to a continuation page when the low "digit" of a count is incremented or decremented through SWAP_MAP_MAX. Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hugh.dickins@tiscali.co.uk> Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com> Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2009-12-15 01:58:46 +00:00
/*
* add_swap_count_continuation - called when a swap count is duplicated
* beyond SWAP_MAP_MAX, it allocates a new page and links that to the entry's
* page of the original vmalloc'ed swap_map, to hold the continuation count
* (for that entry and for its neighbouring PAGE_SIZE swap entries). Called
* again when count is duplicated beyond SWAP_MAP_MAX * SWAP_CONT_MAX, etc.
*
* These continuation pages are seldom referenced: the common paths all work
* on the original swap_map, only referring to a continuation page when the
* low "digit" of a count is incremented or decremented through SWAP_MAP_MAX.
*
* add_swap_count_continuation(, GFP_ATOMIC) can be called while holding
* page table locks; if it fails, add_swap_count_continuation(, GFP_KERNEL)
* can be called after dropping locks.
*/
int add_swap_count_continuation(swp_entry_t entry, gfp_t gfp_mask)
{
struct swap_info_struct *si;
struct page *head;
struct page *page;
struct page *list_page;
pgoff_t offset;
unsigned char count;
/*
* When debugging, it's easier to use __GFP_ZERO here; but it's better
* for latency not to zero a page while GFP_ATOMIC and holding locks.
*/
page = alloc_page(gfp_mask | __GFP_HIGHMEM);
si = swap_info_get(entry);
if (!si) {
/*
* An acceptable race has occurred since the failing
* __swap_duplicate(): the swap entry has been freed,
* perhaps even the whole swap_map cleared for swapoff.
*/
goto outer;
}
offset = swp_offset(entry);
count = si->swap_map[offset] & ~SWAP_HAS_CACHE;
if ((count & ~COUNT_CONTINUED) != SWAP_MAP_MAX) {
/*
* The higher the swap count, the more likely it is that tasks
* will race to add swap count continuation: we need to avoid
* over-provisioning.
*/
goto out;
}
if (!page) {
spin_unlock(&swap_lock);
return -ENOMEM;
}
/*
* We are fortunate that although vmalloc_to_page uses pte_offset_map,
* no architecture is using highmem pages for kernel pagetables: so it
* will not corrupt the GFP_ATOMIC caller's atomic pagetable kmaps.
*/
head = vmalloc_to_page(si->swap_map + offset);
offset &= ~PAGE_MASK;
/*
* Page allocation does not initialize the page's lru field,
* but it does always reset its private field.
*/
if (!page_private(head)) {
BUG_ON(count & COUNT_CONTINUED);
INIT_LIST_HEAD(&head->lru);
set_page_private(head, SWP_CONTINUED);
si->flags |= SWP_CONTINUED;
}
list_for_each_entry(list_page, &head->lru, lru) {
unsigned char *map;
/*
* If the previous map said no continuation, but we've found
* a continuation page, free our allocation and use this one.
*/
if (!(count & COUNT_CONTINUED))
goto out;
map = kmap_atomic(list_page, KM_USER0) + offset;
count = *map;
kunmap_atomic(map, KM_USER0);
/*
* If this continuation count now has some space in it,
* free our allocation and use this one.
*/
if ((count & ~COUNT_CONTINUED) != SWAP_CONT_MAX)
goto out;
}
list_add_tail(&page->lru, &head->lru);
page = NULL; /* now it's attached, don't free it */
out:
spin_unlock(&swap_lock);
outer:
if (page)
__free_page(page);
return 0;
}
/*
* swap_count_continued - when the original swap_map count is incremented
* from SWAP_MAP_MAX, check if there is already a continuation page to carry
* into, carry if so, or else fail until a new continuation page is allocated;
* when the original swap_map count is decremented from 0 with continuation,
* borrow from the continuation and report whether it still holds more.
* Called while __swap_duplicate() or swap_entry_free() holds swap_lock.
*/
static bool swap_count_continued(struct swap_info_struct *si,
pgoff_t offset, unsigned char count)
{
struct page *head;
struct page *page;
unsigned char *map;
head = vmalloc_to_page(si->swap_map + offset);
if (page_private(head) != SWP_CONTINUED) {
BUG_ON(count & COUNT_CONTINUED);
return false; /* need to add count continuation */
}
offset &= ~PAGE_MASK;
page = list_entry(head->lru.next, struct page, lru);
map = kmap_atomic(page, KM_USER0) + offset;
if (count == SWAP_MAP_MAX) /* initial increment from swap_map */
goto init_map; /* jump over SWAP_CONT_MAX checks */
if (count == (SWAP_MAP_MAX | COUNT_CONTINUED)) { /* incrementing */
/*
* Think of how you add 1 to 999
*/
while (*map == (SWAP_CONT_MAX | COUNT_CONTINUED)) {
kunmap_atomic(map, KM_USER0);
page = list_entry(page->lru.next, struct page, lru);
BUG_ON(page == head);
map = kmap_atomic(page, KM_USER0) + offset;
}
if (*map == SWAP_CONT_MAX) {
kunmap_atomic(map, KM_USER0);
page = list_entry(page->lru.next, struct page, lru);
if (page == head)
return false; /* add count continuation */
map = kmap_atomic(page, KM_USER0) + offset;
init_map: *map = 0; /* we didn't zero the page */
}
*map += 1;
kunmap_atomic(map, KM_USER0);
page = list_entry(page->lru.prev, struct page, lru);
while (page != head) {
map = kmap_atomic(page, KM_USER0) + offset;
*map = COUNT_CONTINUED;
kunmap_atomic(map, KM_USER0);
page = list_entry(page->lru.prev, struct page, lru);
}
return true; /* incremented */
} else { /* decrementing */
/*
* Think of how you subtract 1 from 1000
*/
BUG_ON(count != COUNT_CONTINUED);
while (*map == COUNT_CONTINUED) {
kunmap_atomic(map, KM_USER0);
page = list_entry(page->lru.next, struct page, lru);
BUG_ON(page == head);
map = kmap_atomic(page, KM_USER0) + offset;
}
BUG_ON(*map == 0);
*map -= 1;
if (*map == 0)
count = 0;
kunmap_atomic(map, KM_USER0);
page = list_entry(page->lru.prev, struct page, lru);
while (page != head) {
map = kmap_atomic(page, KM_USER0) + offset;
*map = SWAP_CONT_MAX | count;
count = COUNT_CONTINUED;
kunmap_atomic(map, KM_USER0);
page = list_entry(page->lru.prev, struct page, lru);
}
return count == COUNT_CONTINUED;
}
}
/*
* free_swap_count_continuations - swapoff free all the continuation pages
* appended to the swap_map, after swap_map is quiesced, before vfree'ing it.
*/
static void free_swap_count_continuations(struct swap_info_struct *si)
{
pgoff_t offset;
for (offset = 0; offset < si->max; offset += PAGE_SIZE) {
struct page *head;
head = vmalloc_to_page(si->swap_map + offset);
if (page_private(head)) {
struct list_head *this, *next;
list_for_each_safe(this, next, &head->lru) {
struct page *page;
page = list_entry(this, struct page, lru);
list_del(this);
__free_page(page);
}
}
}
}